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Kuzey Suriye’de İç Mülteciler İçin Konut Üretiminde Kerpiç Malzemenin Rolü

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 442 - 463, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1093786

Abstract

Çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak dünyanın birçok yerinde iç mülteci durumunda olan çok sayıda kişi bulunmaktadır. Kuzey Suriye’de iç mülteciler ve barınak arayışı içinde olan birçok kişi tarafından geleneksel kerpiç ev mimari tarzı yeniden canlandırılmaya başlamıştır. Gerek bireysel çabalar gerekse kurum ve kuruluşlar kanalıyla konut üretiminde kerpiç malzeme tekrar kullanılmıştır. İç mültecilerin barınma ihtiyacını önemli ölçüde karşılayan plansız ya da planlı gelişen kamp alanlarında çeşitli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Tasarım ve uygulama aşamasında bulunan kişilerin geleneksel kerpiç mimarisi ile ilgili yeterli düzeyde bilgi birikiminin olmaması, konum, iklim ve topoğrafik özelliklerin göz ardı edilmesi, kamu hizmetleri ve altyapı eksiklikleri projelerin tam anlamıyla başarılı olmadığını göstermiştir. Çalışmada, iç mültecilerin barınma gereksinimlerini karşılayan ev topluluğu modelinin geliştirilmesi ve sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerilerinin üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kuzey Suriye’de geleneksel kerpiç evlere dönüş olgusu ele alınarak, kerpiç malzeme kullanımının devamlılığı değerlendirilmiştir. İç mülteciler için planlanan kerpiç ev topluluklarının yaşayacak kişilerin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda tasarlanarak, erişilebilir ve sürdürülebilir olması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Thanks

Makalede, ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir.

References

  • ACU-IMU. (2019). Kuzey Suriye'deki Kamplar Durum İzleme Raporu.
  • ACU-IMU. (2020). Kuzey Suriye Kamplarında Kış İhtiyaç Raporu, s.5.
  • Al Asali, M. W., Wagemann, E. ve Ramage, M. H. (2019). Living on the move, dwelling between temporality and permanence in Syria. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(3), 829-843.
  • Alhadath. (2017). İdlib'in Al- Tiniya köyünde Humus ve Şam'da yerinden edilenlerin dramı. Erişim Adresi (28.05.2017): https://www.alhadath.net/iraq/2017/05/28/
  • Aljazeera. (2022). Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): https://www.aljazeera.net/news/politics/
  • Alloush, M., Taylor, J. E., Gupta, A., Rojas, V., Ruben, I. ve Gonzalez-Estrada, E. (2017). Economic life in refugee camps. World Development,95, 334-347.
  • Binaa Annual Report. (2015). Binaa Organization For Development.
  • Binaa Annual Report. (2016). Binaa Organization For Development.
  • Cluster, G. S. (2019). Shelter Projects: 2017-2018. Fédération internationale des sociétés de la Croix Rouge.
  • Corsellis, T. ve Vitale, A. (2005). Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations. Oxford: Oxfam GBUniversity of Cambridge.
  • CRAterre. (2016). Damascus Department of Education. Erişim Adresi (12.05.2016): http://www.crate rre.org/.
  • Duruji, M.M., Oviasogie, F.O. (2013). State failure, terrorism and global security: an appraisal of the Boko Haram insurgency in Northern Nigeria, J. Sustain. Soc., 2 (1): 20-30.
  • Edem-Nse, Y.G., Muhammad, I.B., Momoh, S.A. (2017). User’s cultural specific spatial needs in the ınternally displaced persons (ıdp) camps in Abuja, Nigeria, Environmental Technology & Science Journal, 8(2):80-90.
  • Enabbaladi. (2017). Enabbaladi News. Halep'in kuzeyindeki yerinden edilmiş insanlar kerpiç evlere gidiyor? Erişim Adresi (08.10.2017): https://enabbaladi.com/story/663791.
  • Facebook. (2022). Erişim Adresi (15.02.2022): facebook.com/Bawaba.Idlib/
  • Google Earth. (2022). Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): https://earth.google.com/web.
  • Hibrpress. (2017). İdlib kırsalında çadır yerine çamurdan köyler. Erişim Adresi (01.05.2017): https://hibrpress.com/
  • Horrya. (2019). Erişim Adresi (10.03.2019): https://horrya.net/archives/41037
  • Joulani, M. (2018). Mezopotamya Mimarisinin İşlevsel Organizasyonu.
  • Kamp, K. (2000). From village to tell: Household ethnoarchaeology in Syria. Near Eastern Archaeology, 63(2), 84-93.
  • Kandakji, N. (2017). Earth architecture in Syria between the past heritage and the contemporary experiences. Internatıonal Transactıon Journal of Engıneerıng Management & Applıed Scıences & Technologıes, 8(4), 243-259.
  • Katar Kızılayı. (2015). Qatar Red Crescent. Project to Build 2,200 Clay Houses for Syrian IDPs. Erişim Adresi (14.07.2015): http://www.qrcs.org.qa/Engli sh/Media Cente r/News/Pages /01407015.aspx.
  • Kumareswaran, K., Rajapaksha, I. ve Jayasinghe, G.Y. (2021). Energy poverty, occupant comfort, and wellbeing in internally displaced people’s residences in Sri Lanka, Energy and Buildings, 236 (5), 110760.
  • Mecca, S. (2021). Earthen Domes in Northern Syria. Ar-Raqqah, Aleppo, Idlib.
  • Olanrewaju, F.O., Omotoso, F., Alabi, J.O. (2018). Datasets on the challenges of forced displacement and coping strategies among displaced women in selected Internally Displaced Persons׳ (IDPs) camps in Nigeria, Data in Brief, 20: 152-158.
  • Radioalkul. (2021). Erişim Adresi (10.03.2021): https://www.radioalkul.com/p417129/
  • Ramadan, A. (2013). Spatialising the refugee camp. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,38(1), 65-77.
  • Reliefweb. (2020). Erişim Adresi (01.03.2020): https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/snapshot-idps-north-west-syria-01032020.
  • Sliwa, M., Wiig, H. (2016). Should I stay or should I go: The role of Colombian free urban housing projects in IDP return to the countryside. Habitat International,56, 11-19.
  • Sphere Association. (2018). The Sphere Handbook, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response.
  • Step News Agency. (2017). Erişim Adresi (17.04.2017): stepagency-sy.net/ .
  • Syr-res. (2022). Beehive houses. Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): www.syr-res.com/article/860.html.
  • Syrian Reporter. (2019). Suriye-Türkiye sınırındaki Harem dağlarındaki “çamur köyü” kamplarında yerinden edilenlerin acısı. Erişim Adresi (05.04.2019): https://syrian-reporter.net/
  • Syria Tv. (2019). Maarrat Misrin evleri sakinlerinin başlarına yıkılan çamurlu bir köy. Erişim Adresi (27.10.2019): http://syria.tv/
  • Twyman, C. (2000). Internally displaced people: A global survey; Janie Hampton (ed.); Earthscan, London (1998), Applied Geography, 20(1): 89-90.
  • UNHCR. (2022). BM Mülteci Örgütü, Türkiye. Erişim Adresi (03.02.2022): https://www.unhcr.org/tr/
  • UNHCR Handbook. (2022). UNHCR UN Refugee Agency Emergency Handbook, IDP definition. Erişim Adresi (04.03.2022): https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/44826/idp-definition/
  • Zaitonmag. (2020). Erişim Adresi (10.10.2020): http://www.zaitonmag.com/.

The Role of Adobe Materials in Housing Production for Internal Refugees in Northern Syria

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 442 - 463, 08.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1093786

Abstract

Many people are in ınternally displaced people status in many parts of the world due to various reasons. The traditional adobe house architectural style has begun to be revived in northern Syria by many ınternally displaced people and those seeking shelter. Adobe material was reused in housing production, both through individual efforts and institutions and organizations. Various problems are experienced in the unplanned or planned camp areas that meet the shelter needs of ınternally displaced people to a great extent. The fact that the people at the design and implementation stage do not have sufficient knowledge about traditional adobe architecture, ignoring location, climate, and topographic features, and lack of public services and infrastructure have shown that the projects are not fully successful. The study, it is aimed to develop a house community model that meets the sheltering needs of internal refugees and produces solutions for the problems. In this context, the return to traditional adobe houses in northern Syria was handled and the continuity of the use of adobe materials was evaluated. It has great importance that the adobe house communities planned for ınternally displaced people are designed in line with the needs of the people who will live and that they are accessible and sustainable.

References

  • ACU-IMU. (2019). Kuzey Suriye'deki Kamplar Durum İzleme Raporu.
  • ACU-IMU. (2020). Kuzey Suriye Kamplarında Kış İhtiyaç Raporu, s.5.
  • Al Asali, M. W., Wagemann, E. ve Ramage, M. H. (2019). Living on the move, dwelling between temporality and permanence in Syria. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 34(3), 829-843.
  • Alhadath. (2017). İdlib'in Al- Tiniya köyünde Humus ve Şam'da yerinden edilenlerin dramı. Erişim Adresi (28.05.2017): https://www.alhadath.net/iraq/2017/05/28/
  • Aljazeera. (2022). Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): https://www.aljazeera.net/news/politics/
  • Alloush, M., Taylor, J. E., Gupta, A., Rojas, V., Ruben, I. ve Gonzalez-Estrada, E. (2017). Economic life in refugee camps. World Development,95, 334-347.
  • Binaa Annual Report. (2015). Binaa Organization For Development.
  • Binaa Annual Report. (2016). Binaa Organization For Development.
  • Cluster, G. S. (2019). Shelter Projects: 2017-2018. Fédération internationale des sociétés de la Croix Rouge.
  • Corsellis, T. ve Vitale, A. (2005). Transitional Settlement: Displaced Populations. Oxford: Oxfam GBUniversity of Cambridge.
  • CRAterre. (2016). Damascus Department of Education. Erişim Adresi (12.05.2016): http://www.crate rre.org/.
  • Duruji, M.M., Oviasogie, F.O. (2013). State failure, terrorism and global security: an appraisal of the Boko Haram insurgency in Northern Nigeria, J. Sustain. Soc., 2 (1): 20-30.
  • Edem-Nse, Y.G., Muhammad, I.B., Momoh, S.A. (2017). User’s cultural specific spatial needs in the ınternally displaced persons (ıdp) camps in Abuja, Nigeria, Environmental Technology & Science Journal, 8(2):80-90.
  • Enabbaladi. (2017). Enabbaladi News. Halep'in kuzeyindeki yerinden edilmiş insanlar kerpiç evlere gidiyor? Erişim Adresi (08.10.2017): https://enabbaladi.com/story/663791.
  • Facebook. (2022). Erişim Adresi (15.02.2022): facebook.com/Bawaba.Idlib/
  • Google Earth. (2022). Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): https://earth.google.com/web.
  • Hibrpress. (2017). İdlib kırsalında çadır yerine çamurdan köyler. Erişim Adresi (01.05.2017): https://hibrpress.com/
  • Horrya. (2019). Erişim Adresi (10.03.2019): https://horrya.net/archives/41037
  • Joulani, M. (2018). Mezopotamya Mimarisinin İşlevsel Organizasyonu.
  • Kamp, K. (2000). From village to tell: Household ethnoarchaeology in Syria. Near Eastern Archaeology, 63(2), 84-93.
  • Kandakji, N. (2017). Earth architecture in Syria between the past heritage and the contemporary experiences. Internatıonal Transactıon Journal of Engıneerıng Management & Applıed Scıences & Technologıes, 8(4), 243-259.
  • Katar Kızılayı. (2015). Qatar Red Crescent. Project to Build 2,200 Clay Houses for Syrian IDPs. Erişim Adresi (14.07.2015): http://www.qrcs.org.qa/Engli sh/Media Cente r/News/Pages /01407015.aspx.
  • Kumareswaran, K., Rajapaksha, I. ve Jayasinghe, G.Y. (2021). Energy poverty, occupant comfort, and wellbeing in internally displaced people’s residences in Sri Lanka, Energy and Buildings, 236 (5), 110760.
  • Mecca, S. (2021). Earthen Domes in Northern Syria. Ar-Raqqah, Aleppo, Idlib.
  • Olanrewaju, F.O., Omotoso, F., Alabi, J.O. (2018). Datasets on the challenges of forced displacement and coping strategies among displaced women in selected Internally Displaced Persons׳ (IDPs) camps in Nigeria, Data in Brief, 20: 152-158.
  • Radioalkul. (2021). Erişim Adresi (10.03.2021): https://www.radioalkul.com/p417129/
  • Ramadan, A. (2013). Spatialising the refugee camp. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,38(1), 65-77.
  • Reliefweb. (2020). Erişim Adresi (01.03.2020): https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/snapshot-idps-north-west-syria-01032020.
  • Sliwa, M., Wiig, H. (2016). Should I stay or should I go: The role of Colombian free urban housing projects in IDP return to the countryside. Habitat International,56, 11-19.
  • Sphere Association. (2018). The Sphere Handbook, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response.
  • Step News Agency. (2017). Erişim Adresi (17.04.2017): stepagency-sy.net/ .
  • Syr-res. (2022). Beehive houses. Erişim Adresi (20.03.2022): www.syr-res.com/article/860.html.
  • Syrian Reporter. (2019). Suriye-Türkiye sınırındaki Harem dağlarındaki “çamur köyü” kamplarında yerinden edilenlerin acısı. Erişim Adresi (05.04.2019): https://syrian-reporter.net/
  • Syria Tv. (2019). Maarrat Misrin evleri sakinlerinin başlarına yıkılan çamurlu bir köy. Erişim Adresi (27.10.2019): http://syria.tv/
  • Twyman, C. (2000). Internally displaced people: A global survey; Janie Hampton (ed.); Earthscan, London (1998), Applied Geography, 20(1): 89-90.
  • UNHCR. (2022). BM Mülteci Örgütü, Türkiye. Erişim Adresi (03.02.2022): https://www.unhcr.org/tr/
  • UNHCR Handbook. (2022). UNHCR UN Refugee Agency Emergency Handbook, IDP definition. Erişim Adresi (04.03.2022): https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/44826/idp-definition/
  • Zaitonmag. (2020). Erişim Adresi (10.10.2020): http://www.zaitonmag.com/.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Urban and Regional Planning
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Gouran Hasan 0000-0003-3099-9612

Canan Koç 0000-0003-0992-2290

Publication Date July 8, 2022
Submission Date March 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Hasan, G., & Koç, C. (2022). Kuzey Suriye’de İç Mülteciler İçin Konut Üretiminde Kerpiç Malzemenin Rolü. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 7(1), 442-463. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1093786