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Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr)

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 33 - 39, 17.04.2024

Leyla Kurgan Süleyman Temel

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1387536

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the appropriate seed germination temperature, salt tolerance, salinity and drought tolerance of seedlings in Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens). For this purpose, an experiment was established in 2021 in laboratory conditions according to the factorial experiment design in random plots and in greenhouse conditions according to the random plots experiment design with three replications. Firstly, 4 constant (10, 15, 20, 25, 30°C) and 2 variable (20/15, 25/15°C) temperatures were used in the refrigerated incubator. Total germination rates and average germination times of seeds with and without pericarp were determined. Secondly, 6 different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) were studied considering the optimum germination temperatures (25°C and 20/15°C). At the end of the study, germination rates (%), average germination times (days) and sensitivity indices (SI) were determined. In the last two stages, seedlings were subjected to 4 different salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) and 5 different drought (control, low, moderate, high and severe) tests under greenhouse conditions. At this stage, plant and root length, stem thickness, leaf area index (LAI), plant and root dry weight, root/plant ratio and tolerance percentage values were measured. As a result of the laboratory study, it was determined that seeds without pericarp had a better germination percentage than seeds with pericarp. The highest total and normal germination rates were obtained from 200 mM NaCl treatment at 20/15°C. Germination rate was determined from 0, 100 and 200 mM salt treatments at 25°C. These results showed that Atriplex nitens seeds could germinate in high salt concentrations and that their seedlings had high tolerance to drought and salinity.

Keywords

Different salt concentrations Drought resistance Optimum germination temperature

Project Number

ZİF1120Y12

References

  • Abbasdokhta H, Gholamia A, Asgharia H (2014) Halopriming and hydropriming Treatments to Overcome Salt and Drought Stress at Germination Stage of Corn (Zea mays L.). Desert 19(1): 27-34.
  • Acar R, Özköse A, Koç N (2017) Investigation of alternative use potential of Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Bahri Dağdaş Journal of Herbal Research 6(2): 18-22.
  • Adolf VI, Shabala S, Andersen MN, Razzaghi F, Jacobsen SE (2012) Varietal differences of quinoa’s tolerance to saline conditions. Plant and Soil 357: 117-129.
  • Altuner F, Oral E, Tunçtürk R, Baran İ (2019) The effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination in gibberellic acid pretreated Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature 22(2): 235-242.
  • Başaran F, Aytaş Akçin ZT (2022) Effects of Temperature factor on plants and high temperature stress. Garden 51(2): 139-147.
  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (2014) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination, 2nd ed. Academic/Elsevier, San Diego, CA, USA. 1573.
  • Bilgili D, Atak M, Mavi K (2018) The effect of NaCI stress on germination and seedling development in some bread wheat genotypes. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Faculty of Agriculture 23: 85-96.
  • Dimen M (2016) Determination of germination physiology and some emergence characteristics of Prickly Russian thistle (Salsola Ruthenica Iljin.) seeds. Master Thesis. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Science and Technology, Van, 48.
  • Doğan R, Çarpıcı EB (2016) Effects of different salt concentrations on germination of some Triticale Lines. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Natural Sciences 19(2): 130-135.
  • Dölarslan M, Gül E (2012) Salinity in terms of soil plant relations. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews 5(2): 56-59.
  • Doudova J, Douda J, Mandak B (2017) The complexity underlying invasiveness precludes the identification of invasive traits: A Comparative Study of İnvasive and Non-İnvasive Heterocarpic Atriplex congeners. PLoS ONE 12(4): 176-455.
  • Dursun Ş, Acar R (2015) Effect of different lead (Pb(NO3)2) dose applied on Atriplex nitens Schkuhr. seedling growth. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences 5(4): 491-494.
  • Emiralioğlu I, Acar R (2022) The Importance of priming applications in terms of seed production. International Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research 5(1): 20-36.
  • Erkovan Hİ, Erkovan Ş, Güllap A, Koç MK (2017) The Effect of low temperature and excessive water applications on germination and seedling characteristics of common vetch. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 5 (2): 105-113.
  • Gençtan T (2016) Agricultural Ecology. Namık Kemal University publications (5th Edition), Tekirdağ, 349.
  • Gürsoy M (2023) An overview of the effects of salt stress on plant growth. 9th International Zeugma Scientific Research Conference, Gaziantep, February 19, 21: 508-513.
  • Hariadi Y, Marandon K, Tian Y, Jacobsen SE, Shabala S (2011) Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plant grown at various salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 185-193.
  • İnan B, Orkunalp E, Doğan R, Budaklı Çarpıcı E (2018) Response of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines to salt stress during germination. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Agriculture 32(1): 69-78.
  • Julkowska MM, Testerink C (2015) Tuning Plant Signaling and Growth to Survive Salt. Trends Plant Science 20: 586-594.
  • Kacar B, Katkat AV, Öztürk Ş (2022) Plant Physiology (8th Edition). Nobel Academic Publishing, Ankara, 558.
  • Kenanoğlu BB, Öğüt Yavuz D, Lökçü AO (2019) Determination of the viability of datura stramonium l. seeds of different years by strength tests. Gaziosmanpaşa Journal of Scientific Research 8(3): 97-109.
  • Keskin B, Temel S (2022) Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens) on herbage yield and some yield components at different sowing and harvesting periods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences 9(2): 340-349.
  • Keskin B, Temel S, Akbay Tohumcu S (2023) The effects of different sowing times on seed yield and some yield components of Mountain spinach grown in arid conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13(2): 1394-1404.
  • Khan N, Bano A, Babar M (2019) The stimulatory effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plant growth regulators on wheat physiology grown in sandy soil. Archives of Microbiology 201: 769-785.
  • Köseoğlu ST, Doğru A (2021) The Effects of different NaCl concentrations on the germination period of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes. Environmental Toxicology and Ecology 1(1): 33-42.
  • Liu Y, Zhang S, De Boeck HJ, Hou F (2021) Effects of temperature and salinity on seed germination of three common grass species. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 731433.
  • Öner F, Kırlı A (2018) Effects of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Journal of Academic Agriculture 7: 191-196.
  • Örs S, Ekinci M (2015) Drought Stress and Plant Physiology. Derim 32(2): 237- 250.
  • Partheeban C, Chandrasekhar CN, Jeyakumar P, Ravikesavan R, Gnanam R (2017) Effect of PEG induced drought stress on seed germination and seedling characters of maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(5): 1095-1104.
  • Raney JA, Reynolds DJ, Elzinga DB, Page J, Joshua A, Udall E, Jellen Alejandro Bonfacio N, Fairbanks DJ, Maughan PJ (2014) Transcriptome analysis of drought induced stress in Chenopodium quinoa. American Journal of Plant Sciences 5: 338-357.
  • Shavrukov Y (2013) Salt Stress or Salt Shock: Which Genes Are We Studying?. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(1): 119-127.
  • Shiade SRG, Boelt B (2020) Seed germination and seedling growth parameters in nine tall fescue varieties under salinity stress. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science 70(6): 485-494.
  • SSCA, Special Specialization Commission on Agriculture (2014) Tenth Development Plan Agriculture Special Specialization Commission. Report on Sustainable Use of Agricultural Land. Ministry of Development, Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonu-raporlari/#1543312172966-b62de4d7-b832. Accessed 17 April 2024.
  • Tabassum T, Farooq M, Ahmad R, Zohaib A, Wahid A (2017) Seed priming and transgenerational drought memory ımproves tolerance against salt Stress in Bread Wheat. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 118: 362-369.
  • Tan M, Akçay E (2019) Effects of different salinity levels on root and shoot development in some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties. Journal of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture 50 (3): 292-298.
  • Temel I, Keskin B, Temel S (2022a) The effects of different sowing and harvesting times on hay quality of Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens) grown in arid conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12(3): 1831-1842.
  • Temel S, Keskin B (2022a) The effect on seed yield and some yield characteristics of different sowing dates in Mountain spinach. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 10(2): 405-417.
  • Temel S, Keskin B (2022b) The effect of different sowing and harvesting periods on herbage yield and some yield components in Mountain swan as an alternative forage source. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Sciences 8(1): 92-107.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Çakmakçı S (2023) Effect of different dormancy- breaking methods on seed germination and vigour of Atraphaxis spinosa. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 110(1): 39-46. doi: 10.13080/z- a.2023.110.006.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Güner Z (2022b) Change in forage quality of whole plant, leaf and stem according to sowing and harvesting periods in Atriplex nitens Schkuhr grown without fertilizer. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 27(2): 208-216.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Tohumcu SA (2024) The Effect of different inter- row spacings on seed yield and componenets in Atriplex nitens grown under unsoiled and rainfall conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 14(1): 458-469.
  • Terzi H, Yıldız M, Altuğ Ü (2017) The Effects of salinity, temperature and light on seed germination of halophyte Salsola crassa. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering Sciences 17(1): 1-9.
  • Yıldız S, Parlakova Karagöz F, Dursun A (2017) Germination of giberellic acid pretreated Husnüyusuf (Dianthus Barbatus L.) seeds under salt stress. Journal of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture 48(1): 1-7. doi: 10.17097/ataunizfd.320231.
  • Yohannes G, Abraha B (2013) The role of seed priming in improving seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress at laboratory conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(46): 6484-6490.

Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr)

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 33 - 39, 17.04.2024

Leyla Kurgan Süleyman Temel

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1387536

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the appropriate seed germination temperature, salt tolerance, salinity and drought tolerance of seedlings in Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens). For this purpose, an experiment was established in 2021 in laboratory conditions according to the factorial experiment design in random plots and in greenhouse conditions according to the random plots experiment design with three replications. Firstly, 4 constant (10, 15, 20, 25, 30°C) and 2 variable (20/15, 25/15°C) temperatures were used in the refrigerated incubator. Total germination rates and average germination times of seeds with and without pericarp were determined. Secondly, 6 different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) were studied considering the optimum germination temperatures (25°C and 20/15°C). At the end of the study, germination rates (%), average germination times (days) and sensitivity indices (SI) were determined. In the last two stages, seedlings were subjected to 4 different salinity (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM NaCl) and 5 different drought (control, low, moderate, high and severe) tests under greenhouse conditions. At this stage, plant and root length, stem thickness, leaf area index (LAI), plant and root dry weight, root/plant ratio and tolerance percentage values were measured. As a result of the laboratory study, it was determined that seeds without pericarp had a better germination percentage than seeds with pericarp. The highest total and normal germination rates were obtained from 200 mM NaCl treatment at 20/15°C. Germination rate was determined from 0, 100 and 200 mM salt treatments at 25°C. These results showed that Atriplex nitens seeds could germinate in high salt concentrations and that their seedlings had high tolerance to drought and salinity.

Keywords

Different salt concentrations Drought resistance Optimum germination temperature

Supporting Institution

IĞDIR UNİVERSİTY BAP

Project Number

ZİF1120Y12

Thanks

This study was supported by Iğdır University Department of Scientific Research Projects (Project No. ZİF1120Y12). We would like to thank the BAP Council for their contribution to this study.

References

  • Abbasdokhta H, Gholamia A, Asgharia H (2014) Halopriming and hydropriming Treatments to Overcome Salt and Drought Stress at Germination Stage of Corn (Zea mays L.). Desert 19(1): 27-34.
  • Acar R, Özköse A, Koç N (2017) Investigation of alternative use potential of Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Bahri Dağdaş Journal of Herbal Research 6(2): 18-22.
  • Adolf VI, Shabala S, Andersen MN, Razzaghi F, Jacobsen SE (2012) Varietal differences of quinoa’s tolerance to saline conditions. Plant and Soil 357: 117-129.
  • Altuner F, Oral E, Tunçtürk R, Baran İ (2019) The effect of salt (NaCl) stress on germination in gibberellic acid pretreated Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature 22(2): 235-242.
  • Başaran F, Aytaş Akçin ZT (2022) Effects of Temperature factor on plants and high temperature stress. Garden 51(2): 139-147.
  • Baskin CC, Baskin JM (2014) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination, 2nd ed. Academic/Elsevier, San Diego, CA, USA. 1573.
  • Bilgili D, Atak M, Mavi K (2018) The effect of NaCI stress on germination and seedling development in some bread wheat genotypes. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Faculty of Agriculture 23: 85-96.
  • Dimen M (2016) Determination of germination physiology and some emergence characteristics of Prickly Russian thistle (Salsola Ruthenica Iljin.) seeds. Master Thesis. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Institute of Science and Technology, Van, 48.
  • Doğan R, Çarpıcı EB (2016) Effects of different salt concentrations on germination of some Triticale Lines. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Natural Sciences 19(2): 130-135.
  • Dölarslan M, Gül E (2012) Salinity in terms of soil plant relations. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews 5(2): 56-59.
  • Doudova J, Douda J, Mandak B (2017) The complexity underlying invasiveness precludes the identification of invasive traits: A Comparative Study of İnvasive and Non-İnvasive Heterocarpic Atriplex congeners. PLoS ONE 12(4): 176-455.
  • Dursun Ş, Acar R (2015) Effect of different lead (Pb(NO3)2) dose applied on Atriplex nitens Schkuhr. seedling growth. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences 5(4): 491-494.
  • Emiralioğlu I, Acar R (2022) The Importance of priming applications in terms of seed production. International Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research 5(1): 20-36.
  • Erkovan Hİ, Erkovan Ş, Güllap A, Koç MK (2017) The Effect of low temperature and excessive water applications on germination and seedling characteristics of common vetch. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 5 (2): 105-113.
  • Gençtan T (2016) Agricultural Ecology. Namık Kemal University publications (5th Edition), Tekirdağ, 349.
  • Gürsoy M (2023) An overview of the effects of salt stress on plant growth. 9th International Zeugma Scientific Research Conference, Gaziantep, February 19, 21: 508-513.
  • Hariadi Y, Marandon K, Tian Y, Jacobsen SE, Shabala S (2011) Ionic and osmotic relations in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plant grown at various salinity levels. Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 185-193.
  • İnan B, Orkunalp E, Doğan R, Budaklı Çarpıcı E (2018) Response of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines to salt stress during germination. Journal of Uludag University Faculty of Agriculture 32(1): 69-78.
  • Julkowska MM, Testerink C (2015) Tuning Plant Signaling and Growth to Survive Salt. Trends Plant Science 20: 586-594.
  • Kacar B, Katkat AV, Öztürk Ş (2022) Plant Physiology (8th Edition). Nobel Academic Publishing, Ankara, 558.
  • Kenanoğlu BB, Öğüt Yavuz D, Lökçü AO (2019) Determination of the viability of datura stramonium l. seeds of different years by strength tests. Gaziosmanpaşa Journal of Scientific Research 8(3): 97-109.
  • Keskin B, Temel S (2022) Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens) on herbage yield and some yield components at different sowing and harvesting periods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences 9(2): 340-349.
  • Keskin B, Temel S, Akbay Tohumcu S (2023) The effects of different sowing times on seed yield and some yield components of Mountain spinach grown in arid conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13(2): 1394-1404.
  • Khan N, Bano A, Babar M (2019) The stimulatory effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and plant growth regulators on wheat physiology grown in sandy soil. Archives of Microbiology 201: 769-785.
  • Köseoğlu ST, Doğru A (2021) The Effects of different NaCl concentrations on the germination period of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes. Environmental Toxicology and Ecology 1(1): 33-42.
  • Liu Y, Zhang S, De Boeck HJ, Hou F (2021) Effects of temperature and salinity on seed germination of three common grass species. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 731433.
  • Öner F, Kırlı A (2018) Effects of salt stress on germination and seedling growth of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Journal of Academic Agriculture 7: 191-196.
  • Örs S, Ekinci M (2015) Drought Stress and Plant Physiology. Derim 32(2): 237- 250.
  • Partheeban C, Chandrasekhar CN, Jeyakumar P, Ravikesavan R, Gnanam R (2017) Effect of PEG induced drought stress on seed germination and seedling characters of maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(5): 1095-1104.
  • Raney JA, Reynolds DJ, Elzinga DB, Page J, Joshua A, Udall E, Jellen Alejandro Bonfacio N, Fairbanks DJ, Maughan PJ (2014) Transcriptome analysis of drought induced stress in Chenopodium quinoa. American Journal of Plant Sciences 5: 338-357.
  • Shavrukov Y (2013) Salt Stress or Salt Shock: Which Genes Are We Studying?. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(1): 119-127.
  • Shiade SRG, Boelt B (2020) Seed germination and seedling growth parameters in nine tall fescue varieties under salinity stress. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B-Soil and Plant Science 70(6): 485-494.
  • SSCA, Special Specialization Commission on Agriculture (2014) Tenth Development Plan Agriculture Special Specialization Commission. Report on Sustainable Use of Agricultural Land. Ministry of Development, Ankara. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/ozel-ihtisas-komisyonu-raporlari/#1543312172966-b62de4d7-b832. Accessed 17 April 2024.
  • Tabassum T, Farooq M, Ahmad R, Zohaib A, Wahid A (2017) Seed priming and transgenerational drought memory ımproves tolerance against salt Stress in Bread Wheat. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 118: 362-369.
  • Tan M, Akçay E (2019) Effects of different salinity levels on root and shoot development in some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties. Journal of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture 50 (3): 292-298.
  • Temel I, Keskin B, Temel S (2022a) The effects of different sowing and harvesting times on hay quality of Mountain swan (Atriplex nitens) grown in arid conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12(3): 1831-1842.
  • Temel S, Keskin B (2022a) The effect on seed yield and some yield characteristics of different sowing dates in Mountain spinach. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 10(2): 405-417.
  • Temel S, Keskin B (2022b) The effect of different sowing and harvesting periods on herbage yield and some yield components in Mountain swan as an alternative forage source. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Sciences 8(1): 92-107.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Çakmakçı S (2023) Effect of different dormancy- breaking methods on seed germination and vigour of Atraphaxis spinosa. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 110(1): 39-46. doi: 10.13080/z- a.2023.110.006.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Güner Z (2022b) Change in forage quality of whole plant, leaf and stem according to sowing and harvesting periods in Atriplex nitens Schkuhr grown without fertilizer. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 27(2): 208-216.
  • Temel S, Keskin B, Tohumcu SA (2024) The Effect of different inter- row spacings on seed yield and componenets in Atriplex nitens grown under unsoiled and rainfall conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 14(1): 458-469.
  • Terzi H, Yıldız M, Altuğ Ü (2017) The Effects of salinity, temperature and light on seed germination of halophyte Salsola crassa. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering Sciences 17(1): 1-9.
  • Yıldız S, Parlakova Karagöz F, Dursun A (2017) Germination of giberellic acid pretreated Husnüyusuf (Dianthus Barbatus L.) seeds under salt stress. Journal of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture 48(1): 1-7. doi: 10.17097/ataunizfd.320231.
  • Yohannes G, Abraha B (2013) The role of seed priming in improving seed germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.) under salt stress at laboratory conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(46): 6484-6490.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pasture-Meadow Forage Plants
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Leyla Kurgan 0000-0002-2052-6013

Süleyman Temel 0000-0001-9334-8601

Project Number ZİF1120Y12
Publication Date April 17, 2024
Submission Date November 7, 2023
Acceptance Date March 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kurgan, L., & Temel, S. (2024). Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, 37(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1387536
AMA Kurgan L, Temel S. Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. April 2024;37(1):33-39. doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1387536
Chicago Kurgan, Leyla, and Süleyman Temel. “Determination of Germination Characteristics and Salinity and Drought Tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex Nitens Schkuhr)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 37, no. 1 (April 2024): 33-39. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1387536.
EndNote Kurgan L, Temel S (April 1, 2024) Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 37 1 33–39.
IEEE L. Kurgan and S. Temel, “Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr)”, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 33–39, 2024, doi: 10.29136/mediterranean.1387536.
ISNAD Kurgan, Leyla - Temel, Süleyman. “Determination of Germination Characteristics and Salinity and Drought Tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex Nitens Schkuhr)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 37/1 (April 2024), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.1387536.
JAMA Kurgan L, Temel S. Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2024;37:33–39.
MLA Kurgan, Leyla and Süleyman Temel. “Determination of Germination Characteristics and Salinity and Drought Tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex Nitens Schkuhr)”. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences, vol. 37, no. 1, 2024, pp. 33-39, doi:10.29136/mediterranean.1387536.
Vancouver Kurgan L, Temel S. Determination of germination characteristics and salinity and drought tolerances of Mountain Swan (Atriplex nitens Schkuhr). Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences. 2024;37(1):33-9.
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