Quantifying photosynthetic properties of drought-resistant and sensitive cotton varieties grown in Eastern Mediterranean conditions
Abstract
Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the
effects of different irrigation water levels on evapotranspiration, water use
efficiency, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rates and yields in 14
drought-sensitive and resistant cotton varieties.
Methods and Results:
The trial was carried out according to the
random blocks experimental design pattern. The experimental study was conducted
on ST 506, ST468, BA525, BA119, FLASH, SIOKRA L-22, TAM SPHINX, TAM 94L-25,
PIMA S-7, TAMCOT-22, TAMCOT SP 21 S, TAMCOT SP 23, TAMCOT CAMD-ES and AKSEL
cultivars. Evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance,
transpiration and photosynthesis rates and yields of the mentioned cultivars
were determined. Photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal
conductance were measured only at the levels of full irrigation (I100)
and 25% of the full irrigation (I25).
Conclusions:
The total numbers of irrigation done in
the first and second years were four and six, respectively. The amount of
irrigation water applied varied between 270 and 480 mm in the first year, and
298 and 520 mm in the second year. Yield and evapotranspiration increased
depending on the amount of irrigation water applied. The highest and lowest
yields were determined as 358 kg da-1 in Aksel cultivar and 555 kg
da-1 in BA525 variety, respectively. On average, the photosynthesis
rate was measured as 12,616 µmol m-2 s-1 for I100,
and 7.549 µmol m-2 s-1 for I25. As the
stomatal conductance increased, the yield also increased (0.093 mol m-2
s-1 for I25 and 0.182 mol m-2 s-1
for I100). Transpiration rate was determined as 2.947 mmol m-2
s-1 for I25 and 3.919 mmol m-2 s-1
for I100. The varieties did not significantly differ in terms of
water stress. Aksel cultivar is drought-sensitive, whereas the others are
drought-resistant varieties.
Significance
and Impact of the Study: The research revealed the physiological
characteristics, plant water consumption and water use efficiency of 14
different cotton varieties widely grown in eastern Mediterranean conditions.
And also, when the relationship of the mentioned parameters with yield was
examined, the relationship between stomatal conductance and yield was found
lower than the one between transpiration and photosynthesis rates.
References
- Bek Y, Efe E (1988) Araştırma ve Deneme Medotları I. Ç.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Kitabı: No:71, 395 S.
- Cook CG, El-Zik KM (1993) Fruiting and lint yield of cotton cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Field Crops Res. 33:411-421
- Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (19799) Yield Response to Water. FAO 33. 193 sayfa.
- Göksoy AT, Turan ZM (1991) Kuraklığın Bitki Fizyolojisi Ve Morfolojisi Üzerine Etkileri. U.Ü.Z.F. Dergisi, No: 8, 189-199, Bursa.
- Gomathinayagam P, Ingram KT, Maguling MA (1988) Pot screening for drought tolerance in rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 13: 19.
- Howell TA, Cuence RH, Solomon KH (1990) Crop yield response. In: hoffman. g.j.. et al.. (eds.) Management of farm ırrigation systems (pp. 93-122). ASAE.
- James LG (1988) Principle of farm Irrigation systemdesign (Surface Irrigation. Newyork 543 pp.
- Jackson P, Rubertson M, Cupper M, Hammer G (1996) The Role of Physiological Understanding in Plant Breeding from Breeding Perspective. Field Crops Res 49. 11–37.
- Jones HG (1999) Use of Thermography for Quantitative Studies of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Stomatal Conductance Over Leaf Surfaces. Plant Cell Environ. 22, 1043–1055.
- Krieg DR (1997) Genetic and environmental factors affecting productivity of cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. P: 1347.
- Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation and Associated Metabolism in Relation to Water Deficits in Higher Plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25, 275–294.
- Lacape MJ, Wery J, Annerosa DJM (1998) Relationship Between Plant and Soil Water Status in Five Field-Growing Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars. Field Crops Res. 57, 29-48.
- Lang V, Mantyla E, Welin B, Sundberg B, Palva Et (1994) Alterations in Water Status, Endogenous Abscisic Acid Content, and Expression of Rab18 Gene During the Development of Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana. Plant Physio.L 104, 1341-1349.
- Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM (2014) Water-Deficit Stress Effects on Pistil Biochemistry and Leaf Physiology in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum, L.) South African Journal of Botany, 93, July 2014, 131–136.
- Mansfield Ta, Davies Wj (1981) Stomata and Stomatal Mechanisms. in: Paleg Lg, Aspinall D (Eds) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants. Academic Press, New York, 315–346.
- Mc Michael BL, Hesketh JD (1982) Field Investigations of the Response of Cotton to Water Deficits. Field Crops Research. 5, 319–333.
- Oosterhuis D (2001) Physıology and Nutrıtıon of Hıgh Yıeldıng Cotton in The Usa http://www.malavolta.com.br /Pdf/Physiologi. Pdf. 24.
- Richards RA (2006) Physiological Traits Used in the Breeding of New Cultivars for Water-Scarce Environments. Agric. Water Manage. 80, 197–211.
- Slafer GA, Araus JL, Royo C, Del Moral LFG (2005) Promising Ecophysiological Traits for Genetic İmprovement of Cereal Yields in Mediterranean Environments. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146, 61–70.
- Turner NC, Hearn AB, Begg JE, Constable GA (1986) Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.). Physiological and Morphological Responses to Water Deficits and Their Relationship to Yield. Field Crops Research, 14, 153–170.
- Ullah I, Rahman M, Ashraf M, Zafar Y (2008) Genotypic Variation for Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.): Leaf Gas Exchange and Productivity.Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 203, (2), 15,(105–115).
- Kerepesi I, Galiba G (2000) Osmotic and Salt Stress-İnduced Alteration in Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Wheat Seedlings. Crop Sci 40, 482–487.
- Passioura Jb, Condon Ag, Richards Ra (1993) Water Deficits, The Development of Leaf Area and Crop Productivity. In Smith Jac, Griffiths H (Eds) Water Deficits. Plant Responses from Cell to Community. Bıos Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 253–264.
- Ray LL, Wendt CW, Roark B, Quisenberry JE (1974) Genetic modification of cotton plants for more efficient water use. Agric. Meteorol. 14: 31-38
- Walter A, Shurr U (2005) Dynamics of Leaf and Root Growth: Endogenous Control Versus Environmental İmpact. Ann. Bot. 95, 891–900.
- Yıldırım O (2008) Sulama Sistemlerinin Tasarımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Zir. Fak. Yay. No: 1565. Ankara.
Doğu Akdeniz koşullarında yetiştirilen kuraklığa dayanıklı ve hassas pamuk çeşitlerinin fotosentetik özelliklerin belirlenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırma 14 farklı pamuk çeşidinde,
kuraklığa dayanıklı ve hassas çeşitler esas alınarak, farklı sulama suyu
düzeylerinin, bitki su tüketimi, su kullanım etkinliği, stoma iletkenliği,
fotosentez hızları ve verim değerleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla
yapılmıştır.
Yöntem ve
Bulgular: Araştırma, ST 506, ST468, BA525, BA119, FLASH, SIOKRA L-22, TAM SPHINX,
TAM 94L-25, PIMA S-7, TAMCOT-22, TAMCOT SP 21 S, TAMCOT SP 23, TAMCOT CAMD-ES
ve AKSEL çeşitlerinde yürütülmüştür. Aksel çeşidi kuraklığa hassas diğer
çeşitler kuraklığa dayanıklı çeşitlerdir.. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında deneme
desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada söz konusu çeşitlerin bitki su
tüketimi, su kullanım etkinliği, stoma iletkenliği, fotosentez hızları ve verim
değerleri belirlenmiştir. Fotosentez hızı, transpirasyon hızı ve stoma
iletkenliği sadece tam sulama (I100) ve elverişli kapasitenin %25’i
düzeyinde (I25) ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada çeşitler arasında su
stresinin etkisinin önemli olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Genel
Yorum: Sonuç olarak, ilk yıl 4, ikinci yıl toplam 6 sulama yapılmıştır.
Uygulanan sulama suyu miktarı ilk yıl 270-480 mm, ikinci yıl 298-520 mm
arasında değişmiştir. Verim ve bitki su tüketimi uygulanan sulama suyu
miktarına bağlı olarak artmıştır. En yüksek ve en düşük verim sırasıyla BA525
çeşidinde (555 kg da-1) Aksel çeşidinde 358 kg da-1
olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama olarak fotosentez hızı I100
konusunda 12.616 µmol m-2s-1, I25 konusunda
7.549 µmol m-2 s-1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Stoma iletkenliği
arttıkça verim değerleri de artmıştır (I25 konusunda 0.093 mol m-2s-1
I100 konusunda 0.182 mol m-2s-1).
Transpirasyon hızı I25 konusunda 2.947 mmol m-2s-1
I100 konusunda 3.919 mmol m-2s-1
olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte anılan parametrelerin verim ile
ilişkileri incelendiğinde stoma iletkenliğinin verim ile ilişkisi transpirasyon
hızı ve fotosentez hızından daha düşük saptanmıştır.
Çalışmanın
Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma
Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen 14 pamuk çeşidinde su
kullanım etkinliği, bitki su tüketimi ve fizyolojik özelliklerini ortaya
çıkarmıştır. Ayrıca belirtilen fizyolojik özellikler ile verim arasındaki
ilişkiler irdelendiğinde verim ve stoma iletkenliği arasındaki ilişkinin,
transpirasyon ve fotosentez hızının ile verim arasındaki ilişkisinden daha
düşük olduğu saptanmıştır.
References
- Bek Y, Efe E (1988) Araştırma ve Deneme Medotları I. Ç.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi, Ders Kitabı: No:71, 395 S.
- Cook CG, El-Zik KM (1993) Fruiting and lint yield of cotton cultivars under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Field Crops Res. 33:411-421
- Doorenbos J, Kassam AH (19799) Yield Response to Water. FAO 33. 193 sayfa.
- Göksoy AT, Turan ZM (1991) Kuraklığın Bitki Fizyolojisi Ve Morfolojisi Üzerine Etkileri. U.Ü.Z.F. Dergisi, No: 8, 189-199, Bursa.
- Gomathinayagam P, Ingram KT, Maguling MA (1988) Pot screening for drought tolerance in rice. Int. Rice Res. Newsl. 13: 19.
- Howell TA, Cuence RH, Solomon KH (1990) Crop yield response. In: hoffman. g.j.. et al.. (eds.) Management of farm ırrigation systems (pp. 93-122). ASAE.
- James LG (1988) Principle of farm Irrigation systemdesign (Surface Irrigation. Newyork 543 pp.
- Jackson P, Rubertson M, Cupper M, Hammer G (1996) The Role of Physiological Understanding in Plant Breeding from Breeding Perspective. Field Crops Res 49. 11–37.
- Jones HG (1999) Use of Thermography for Quantitative Studies of Spatial and Temporal Variation of Stomatal Conductance Over Leaf Surfaces. Plant Cell Environ. 22, 1043–1055.
- Krieg DR (1997) Genetic and environmental factors affecting productivity of cotton. Proc. Beltwide Cotton Prod. Res. Conf. P: 1347.
- Lawlor DW, Cornic G (2002) Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation and Associated Metabolism in Relation to Water Deficits in Higher Plants. Plant Cell Environ. 25, 275–294.
- Lacape MJ, Wery J, Annerosa DJM (1998) Relationship Between Plant and Soil Water Status in Five Field-Growing Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Cultivars. Field Crops Res. 57, 29-48.
- Lang V, Mantyla E, Welin B, Sundberg B, Palva Et (1994) Alterations in Water Status, Endogenous Abscisic Acid Content, and Expression of Rab18 Gene During the Development of Freezing Tolerance in Arabidopsis Thaliana. Plant Physio.L 104, 1341-1349.
- Loka DA, Oosterhuis DM (2014) Water-Deficit Stress Effects on Pistil Biochemistry and Leaf Physiology in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum, L.) South African Journal of Botany, 93, July 2014, 131–136.
- Mansfield Ta, Davies Wj (1981) Stomata and Stomatal Mechanisms. in: Paleg Lg, Aspinall D (Eds) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Drought Resistance in Plants. Academic Press, New York, 315–346.
- Mc Michael BL, Hesketh JD (1982) Field Investigations of the Response of Cotton to Water Deficits. Field Crops Research. 5, 319–333.
- Oosterhuis D (2001) Physıology and Nutrıtıon of Hıgh Yıeldıng Cotton in The Usa http://www.malavolta.com.br /Pdf/Physiologi. Pdf. 24.
- Richards RA (2006) Physiological Traits Used in the Breeding of New Cultivars for Water-Scarce Environments. Agric. Water Manage. 80, 197–211.
- Slafer GA, Araus JL, Royo C, Del Moral LFG (2005) Promising Ecophysiological Traits for Genetic İmprovement of Cereal Yields in Mediterranean Environments. Ann. Appl. Biol. 146, 61–70.
- Turner NC, Hearn AB, Begg JE, Constable GA (1986) Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.). Physiological and Morphological Responses to Water Deficits and Their Relationship to Yield. Field Crops Research, 14, 153–170.
- Ullah I, Rahman M, Ashraf M, Zafar Y (2008) Genotypic Variation for Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.): Leaf Gas Exchange and Productivity.Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 203, (2), 15,(105–115).
- Kerepesi I, Galiba G (2000) Osmotic and Salt Stress-İnduced Alteration in Soluble Carbohydrate Content in Wheat Seedlings. Crop Sci 40, 482–487.
- Passioura Jb, Condon Ag, Richards Ra (1993) Water Deficits, The Development of Leaf Area and Crop Productivity. In Smith Jac, Griffiths H (Eds) Water Deficits. Plant Responses from Cell to Community. Bıos Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 253–264.
- Ray LL, Wendt CW, Roark B, Quisenberry JE (1974) Genetic modification of cotton plants for more efficient water use. Agric. Meteorol. 14: 31-38
- Walter A, Shurr U (2005) Dynamics of Leaf and Root Growth: Endogenous Control Versus Environmental İmpact. Ann. Bot. 95, 891–900.
- Yıldırım O (2008) Sulama Sistemlerinin Tasarımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Zir. Fak. Yay. No: 1565. Ankara.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 6, 2020 |
| Submission Date | March 6, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | March 24, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 25 Issue: 1 |
