Determination of Ammonium, Nitrate, Phosphate and Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Waters of Amik Plain
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to determine quality of surface water sources and as well as evaluate its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the Amik Plain, one of the most important
agricultural production areas of Turkey. In the research, total 56 water samples were taken surface water samples in June 2017 in the Amik Plain. Water samples were analyzed for temperature (T), total salt (TT), dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4, NO3, P and such heavy metals as cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), cupper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to characterize distribution of physicochemical properties and heavy metals content of water samples. According to results of descriptive statistical analysis, average T, TT, DO, NO3, NH4, P, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb concentrations determined as 23.8 oC, 0.20 %, 12.09 mgL-1 , 4.13 mgL-1 , 1.69 mgL-1 , 140.07 µgL-1 , 6.75 µgL-1, 18.42 µgL-1, 1.84 µgL-1 and 4.43 µgL-1, respectively. The 52 of 56 surfacewater samples exceeded permissible limit of 25 oC suggesting for very high quality classes. In the 13 surface water samples, DO content found lower than permissible limit of 8 mgL-1 for high quality water. Heavy metal concentrations and P contents in all samples were found lower than permissible limits for drinking and irrigation purposes. There were positive correlation between NO3 and Cu and Pb; NH4 and P and Mn (P< 0.01).
References
- Ağca N, 2014. Spatial variability of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in the Amik Plain (South Turkey). Environ Earth Sci (2014) 72: 4115–4130.
- Ağca N, Karanlık S, Ödemiş B, 2014. Assessment of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal pollution in groundwater from Amik Plain, southern Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 186:5921–5934.
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- Mohamed I, Othman F, Ibrahim A I N, Alaa-Eldin M, Yunus E M, 2015. Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin, Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess, 187:4182.
- Murphy J, Riley J P, 1962. A modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27: 31–36.
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- TSKKY (Türkiye Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği), 2008. Su kirliliği control yönetmeliği’inde düzenlemeler. Resmi Gazete No. 26786.
- Ouyang Y, 2005. Evaluation of river water quality monitoringstations by principal component analysis. Water Research 39: 2621–2635.
- Wang Y, Wang P, Bai Y, Tian Z, Li J, Shao X, Laura F, Mustavich LF, Li B, 2013. Assessment of surface water quality via multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Songhua River Harbin region, China. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 7: 30-40.
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Abstract
Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye’nin en önemli tarımsal üretim alanlarından biri olan Amik Ovası’nın
yüzey sularının özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bunların içme ve sulama suyu
kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Amik Ovasında
yer alan yüzey su kaynaklarından Haziran 2017 döneminde 56 noktadan yüzey suyu
örneği alınmıştır. Alınan su örneklerinde; sıcaklık (T), NH4+,
NO3-, P, çözünmüş oksijen (DO) ve ağır metal (Cd, Co, Cr,
Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn) analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma konusu su
kaynaklarına ait bütün parametrelerin dağılımını karakterize etmek için
tanımlayıcı istatistik analizleri ve korelasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. İstatistik
analiz sonuçlarına göre, ortalama T, TT, DO, NO3,
NH4, P, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb
konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 23.8 oC, % 0.20, 12.09 mgL-1,
4.13 mgL-1, 1.69 mgL-1, 140.07 µgL-1,
6.75 µgL-1, 18.42 µgL-1, 1.84 µgL-1 ve 4.43 µgL-1
olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam 56 su örneğinden 52 tanesinin T değerleri
kaliteli sular için üst limit olarak belirlenen 25oC’nin üzerinde
belirlenmiştir. Toplam 13 yüzey suyu örneğinin DO değerleri kaliteli sular için
alt sınır olarak belirlenen 8 mgL-1’nin altında bulunmuştur. Ağır
metal konsantrasyonları ve P içerikleri, tüm örneklerde içme ve sulama suları
için izin verilebilir maksimum sınırların altında bulunmuştur. Su örneklerinde
NO3 ile Cu ve Pb arasında ve NH4 ile P ve Mn arasında
önemli pozitif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur (P< 0.01).
References
- Ağca N, 2014. Spatial variability of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in the Amik Plain (South Turkey). Environ Earth Sci (2014) 72: 4115–4130.
- Ağca N, Karanlık S, Ödemiş B, 2014. Assessment of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, and heavy metal pollution in groundwater from Amik Plain, southern Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 186:5921–5934.
- Ahmed F, Fakhruddin A N M, Imam MDT, Khan N, Abdullah ATM, Khan TA, Rahman UMMM N, 2017. Assessment of roadside surface water quality of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh using GIS and multivariate statistical techniques. Appl Water Sci., 7:3511–3525.
- Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D. W. 1994. Water quality for agriculture. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 29, Rev. 1.
- Food Standards Agency, 2003. Safe upper levels for vitamins and minerals. Published by Food Standards Agency. P. 293-299 (ISBN 1-904026-11-7).
- Ferati F, Mihone Kerolli-Mustafa MK, Ylli AK, 2015. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in water and sediments of Trepça and Sitnica rivers, Kosovo, using pollution indicators and multivariate cluster analysis. Environ Monit Assess. 187: 338. Griffiths JA, Chan, FKS, Zhu F, Wang V, Higgitt DL, 2017. Reach-scale variation surface water quality in a reticular canal system in the lower Yangtze River Delta region, China. Journal of Environmental Management 196: 80-90.
- Gün M, Erdem AM, 2003. Hatay Master Planı. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Hatay Tarım İl Müdürlüğü.
- Kılıç Ş, Ağca N, Karanlık S, Şenol S, Aydın M, Yalçın M, Çelik İ, Evrendilek F, Uygur V, Doğan K, Aslan S, Çullu MA, 2008. Amik Ovasının Detaylı Toprak Etüdleri, Verimlilik Çalışması ve Arazi Kullanım Planlaması. MKÜ. Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bölümü, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonu Proje No: DPT2002K120480. 213 S.
- Kumari M, Tripathi S, Pathak V, Tripathi BD, 2013. Chemometric characterization of river water quality. Envir. Monit. Assess. 185: 3081-3092.
- Mohamed I, Othman F, Ibrahim A I N, Alaa-Eldin M, Yunus E M, 2015. Assessment of water quality parameters using multivariate analysis for Klang River basin, Malaysia. Environ Monit Assess, 187:4182.
- Murphy J, Riley J P, 1962. A modified single solution method for determination of phosphate in natural water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27: 31–36.
- Song J, Yang X, Zhang J, Long Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T, 2015. Assessing variability of heavy metal concentrations in Liquid-solid two-phase and related environmental risks in the weihe river of Shaanxi Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Health. 12: 8243-8262.
- Sutadian AD, Muttil AGY, Perera BJ, 2016. Development of river water quality indicies-a rewiew. Envir. Monit.Assess, 188:58.
- Tomas D, Čurlinb M, Marićc AS, 2017. Assessing the surface water status in Pannonian ecoregion by the water quality index model. Ecological Indicators, 79: 182–190.
- TSKKY (Türkiye Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği), 2008. Su kirliliği control yönetmeliği’inde düzenlemeler. Resmi Gazete No. 26786.
- Ouyang Y, 2005. Evaluation of river water quality monitoringstations by principal component analysis. Water Research 39: 2621–2635.
- Wang Y, Wang P, Bai Y, Tian Z, Li J, Shao X, Laura F, Mustavich LF, Li B, 2013. Assessment of surface water quality via multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Songhua River Harbin region, China. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 7: 30-40.
- WHO, 2004. Guidelines for drinking water quality.Vol.1. Recommendation. World Health Organization, Geneva, ISBN 92 4 154638 7.
- Zhang Q, Li ZW, Zeng GM, Li JB,, Fang Y, Yuan QS, Wang YM, Ye FY, 2009. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques in red soil hilly region: a case study of Xiangjiang watershed, China. Environ. Monit. Assess, 152: 123-131.
- Zhou Z, Zhang G, Wang J, 2011. Spatial variability of the shallow groundwater level and its chemistry characteristics in the low plain around the Bohai Sea, North China. Environ Monit Assess. doi. 10.1007/s10661-011-2217-1.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 25, 2018 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2018 Volume: 23 Issue: 2 |
