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ÇAM KOZLAKLARI (PINUS PINEA L.) KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN YONGALEVHALARIN YANGIN PERFORMANS, ÇÜRÜKLÜK DAYANIM VE YÜZEY DÜZGÜNLÜK ÖZELLİKLERİ

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 96 - 99, 19.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.283626

Abstract

Bu çalışmada fıstık çamı (Pinus Pinea L.)
yongaları ve kozalak atıklarıyla üretilen 3 tabakalı yongalevhaların bazı
teknolojik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. 
Çam Yongası ve kozalak karışım oranına göre 4 adet levha tipi
üretilmiştir (%100/0, %50/50, %0/100 ve %40/60). Yongalevhaların Dış/orta
tabaka kullanım oranı %40:60’dır. 400×400×12 mm boyutlarında üretilen levhaların
özgül ağırlığı 700 g/cm3 olup, pres basıncı 24-26 kPa/cm2’dir. Üretim sonucunda
levhaların Limit oksijen indeksi (LOI) değerleri (ASTM D 2863),  çürüklük dayanımı (EN 113) ve yüzey
pürüzlülükleri(DIN 4768) belirlenmiştir. 
Yapılan çalışma sonucunda atık çam kozalağı kullanımının yonga levhaların
özelliklerini etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Kozalak kullanım oranının artmasıyla
çürüklük dayanımı artmıştır. Fakat LOI ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri de
karışımdaki kozalak kullanım oranının artması ile artış göstermiştir.

References

  • Maloney, T.M. "Modern Particleboard And Dry-Process Fiberboard Manufacturing", Paperloop.Com, 1993.
  • Nikvash, N., Kharazipour, A. and Euring, M., "Effects of wheat protein as a biological binder in the manufacture of particleboards using a mixture of canola, hemp, bagasse, and commercial wood", Forest Product Journal, 32. 1., 49-57, 2013.
  • Kalaycıoglu, H. and Nemli, G., "Producing composite particleboard from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stalk", Industrial Crops and Product, 24. 2., 177-180, 2006.
  • Alma, M. H., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Bektaş, I. and Tutus, A., "Properties of cotton carpel-based particleboards", Industrial Crops and Product, 22. 2., 141-149, 2005.
  • Bekhta, P., Korkut, S. and Hiziroglu, S., "Effect of pretreatment of raw material on properties of particleboard panels made from wheat straw", BioResources, 8. 3., 4766-4774, 2013.
  • Zhang, L. and Hu, Y., "Novel lignocellulosic hybrid particleboard composites made from rice straws and coir fibers", Materials and Design, 55. 19-26, 2014.
  • DahmardehGhalehno, M., Madhoushi, M., Tabarsa, T. and Nazerian, M., “The manufacture of particleboards using mixture of reed (surface layer) and commercial species (middle layer)", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69, 341-344, 2011.
  • Ghofrani, M., Haghdan, S., NicKhah, V. and Ahmadi, K., "Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made of apple tree pruning and sunflower stalk using titanium oxide nanoparticles", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73. 5., 661-666, 2015.
  • Widyorini, R., Umemura, K., Isnan, R., Putra, D. R., Awaludin, A. and Prayitno, T. A., "Manufacture and properties of citric acid-bonded particleboard made from bamboo materials", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74. 1., 57-65, 2016.
  • Mutke, S., Gordo, J. and Gil, L., "Variability of Mediterranean Stone pine cone production: Yield loss as response to climate change", Agricultural and Forest Meterology, 132, 263-272, 2015.
  • Berrahmouni N., Escute, X., Regato, P. and Stein, C., "Beyond Cork-A Wealth of Resources for people and Nature, WWF, 2007.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Forestry Statistics, Ministry of Forestry and Water Management, ISBN 978-605-4610-18-1, Ankara.
  • Buyuksari, U., Ayrilmis, N., Avci, E. and Koc, E., Evaluation of the physical, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured from waste stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cones, Bioresource technology, 101. 1., 255-259, 2010.
  • EN 113. "Method of test for determining the protective effectiveness against wood rotting basidiomycetes-determination of toxic values", European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 1997.
  • ASTM D2863-10. Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index), 2000.
  • DIN 4768. "Determination of values of surface roughness parameters, Ra, Rz, Rmax, using electrical contact (Stylus) instruments. Concepts and measuring conditions, 1990.
  • Syofuna, A., Banana, A. Y. and Nakabonge, G., Efficiency of natural wood extractives as wood preservatives against termite attack. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología", 14. 2., 155-163, 2012.
  • Xie, Y., Hill, C. A. S., Sun, D. Y., Jalaludin, Z. and Wang, Q., " Effects of extractives on the dynamic water swelling behaviour and fungal resistance of Malaysian hardwood", Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 24. 2., 231-240, 2012.
  • Van Acker, J., Stevens, M., Carey, J., Sierra-Alvarez, R., Militz, H., Le Bayon, I., Kleist, G. and Peek, R., D., "Biological Durability of Wood in Relation to End-Use, Part 1. Towards A European Standard for Laboratory Testing of the Biological Durability of Wood", Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61. 5., 330-338, 2003.
  • Tang, Y., Wang, D. Y., Jing, X. K., Ge, X. G., Yang, B. and Wang, Y. Z., "A formaldehyde‐free flame retardant wood particleboard system based on two‐component polyurethane adhesive. Journal of applied polymer science", Journal of applied polymer science, 108. 2., 1216-1222, 2008.
  • Tomak, E. D. and Cavdar, A. D., "Limited oxygen index levels of impregnated Scots pine wood", Thermochimica Acta, 573, 181-185, 2013.
  • Stark, N. M., White, R. H., Mueller, S. A. and Osswald, T. A., "Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flour–polyethylene composites", Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95. 9., 1903-1910, 2010.
  • Gonultas, O., "Chemical characterization of cones, wood and needles of Pinus pinea", MSc Thesis, Institute of Natural Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 131 p. 2008.
  • Nemli, G., Ozturk, I. and Aydin, I., "Some of the parameters influencing surface roughness of particleboard", Building and environment, 40. 10., 1337-1340, 2005.
  • Ayrilmis, N., Buyuksari, U., Avci, E. and Koc, E., "Utilization of pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone in manufacture of wood based composite", Forest Ecology and Management, 259. 1., 65-70, 2009.

FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 96 - 99, 19.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.283626

Abstract

This work explores some technological properties of three-layer particleboard produced from pine (Pinus Pinea L.) wood particles and waste cones. Four board types were made from mixtures of wood particles/stone cone (100/0, 50/50, 0/100 and 40/60%, respectively). The laying ratio (outers: core) was 40:60%. The particleboards were manufactured with a board density of 700 g/cm3, board size of 400×400×12 mm and a pressing pressure of 24-26 kPa/cm2. The limiting oxygen İndex (LOI) levels (ASTM D 2863), decay resistance (EN 113) and surface roughness (DIN 4768) of particleboards were determined. The using stone cone was found to be affecting all the properties of particleboards. The result showed that using waste cone increased the decay resistance. However, LOI values and surface roughness of the panels increased with increasing the pine cone amount of mixture.

References

  • Maloney, T.M. "Modern Particleboard And Dry-Process Fiberboard Manufacturing", Paperloop.Com, 1993.
  • Nikvash, N., Kharazipour, A. and Euring, M., "Effects of wheat protein as a biological binder in the manufacture of particleboards using a mixture of canola, hemp, bagasse, and commercial wood", Forest Product Journal, 32. 1., 49-57, 2013.
  • Kalaycıoglu, H. and Nemli, G., "Producing composite particleboard from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stalk", Industrial Crops and Product, 24. 2., 177-180, 2006.
  • Alma, M. H., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Bektaş, I. and Tutus, A., "Properties of cotton carpel-based particleboards", Industrial Crops and Product, 22. 2., 141-149, 2005.
  • Bekhta, P., Korkut, S. and Hiziroglu, S., "Effect of pretreatment of raw material on properties of particleboard panels made from wheat straw", BioResources, 8. 3., 4766-4774, 2013.
  • Zhang, L. and Hu, Y., "Novel lignocellulosic hybrid particleboard composites made from rice straws and coir fibers", Materials and Design, 55. 19-26, 2014.
  • DahmardehGhalehno, M., Madhoushi, M., Tabarsa, T. and Nazerian, M., “The manufacture of particleboards using mixture of reed (surface layer) and commercial species (middle layer)", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 69, 341-344, 2011.
  • Ghofrani, M., Haghdan, S., NicKhah, V. and Ahmadi, K., "Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made of apple tree pruning and sunflower stalk using titanium oxide nanoparticles", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 73. 5., 661-666, 2015.
  • Widyorini, R., Umemura, K., Isnan, R., Putra, D. R., Awaludin, A. and Prayitno, T. A., "Manufacture and properties of citric acid-bonded particleboard made from bamboo materials", European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 74. 1., 57-65, 2016.
  • Mutke, S., Gordo, J. and Gil, L., "Variability of Mediterranean Stone pine cone production: Yield loss as response to climate change", Agricultural and Forest Meterology, 132, 263-272, 2015.
  • Berrahmouni N., Escute, X., Regato, P. and Stein, C., "Beyond Cork-A Wealth of Resources for people and Nature, WWF, 2007.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Forestry Statistics, Ministry of Forestry and Water Management, ISBN 978-605-4610-18-1, Ankara.
  • Buyuksari, U., Ayrilmis, N., Avci, E. and Koc, E., Evaluation of the physical, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured from waste stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) cones, Bioresource technology, 101. 1., 255-259, 2010.
  • EN 113. "Method of test for determining the protective effectiveness against wood rotting basidiomycetes-determination of toxic values", European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 1997.
  • ASTM D2863-10. Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index), 2000.
  • DIN 4768. "Determination of values of surface roughness parameters, Ra, Rz, Rmax, using electrical contact (Stylus) instruments. Concepts and measuring conditions, 1990.
  • Syofuna, A., Banana, A. Y. and Nakabonge, G., Efficiency of natural wood extractives as wood preservatives against termite attack. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología", 14. 2., 155-163, 2012.
  • Xie, Y., Hill, C. A. S., Sun, D. Y., Jalaludin, Z. and Wang, Q., " Effects of extractives on the dynamic water swelling behaviour and fungal resistance of Malaysian hardwood", Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 24. 2., 231-240, 2012.
  • Van Acker, J., Stevens, M., Carey, J., Sierra-Alvarez, R., Militz, H., Le Bayon, I., Kleist, G. and Peek, R., D., "Biological Durability of Wood in Relation to End-Use, Part 1. Towards A European Standard for Laboratory Testing of the Biological Durability of Wood", Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 61. 5., 330-338, 2003.
  • Tang, Y., Wang, D. Y., Jing, X. K., Ge, X. G., Yang, B. and Wang, Y. Z., "A formaldehyde‐free flame retardant wood particleboard system based on two‐component polyurethane adhesive. Journal of applied polymer science", Journal of applied polymer science, 108. 2., 1216-1222, 2008.
  • Tomak, E. D. and Cavdar, A. D., "Limited oxygen index levels of impregnated Scots pine wood", Thermochimica Acta, 573, 181-185, 2013.
  • Stark, N. M., White, R. H., Mueller, S. A. and Osswald, T. A., "Evaluation of various fire retardants for use in wood flour–polyethylene composites", Polymer Degradation and Stability, 95. 9., 1903-1910, 2010.
  • Gonultas, O., "Chemical characterization of cones, wood and needles of Pinus pinea", MSc Thesis, Institute of Natural Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 131 p. 2008.
  • Nemli, G., Ozturk, I. and Aydin, I., "Some of the parameters influencing surface roughness of particleboard", Building and environment, 40. 10., 1337-1340, 2005.
  • Ayrilmis, N., Buyuksari, U., Avci, E. and Koc, E., "Utilization of pine (Pinus pinea L.) cone in manufacture of wood based composite", Forest Ecology and Management, 259. 1., 65-70, 2009.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Journals
Authors

Uğur Aras

Hülya Kalaycıoğlu

Hüsnü Yel This is me

Sefa Durmaz This is me

Publication Date December 19, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Yel, H., Durmaz, S. (2016). FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 96-99. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.283626
AMA Aras U, Kalaycıoğlu H, Yel H, Durmaz S. FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. December 2016;2(2):96-99. doi:10.22531/muglajsci.283626
Chicago Aras, Uğur, Hülya Kalaycıoğlu, Hüsnü Yel, and Sefa Durmaz. “FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (December 2016): 96-99. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.283626.
EndNote Aras U, Kalaycıoğlu H, Yel H, Durmaz S (December 1, 2016) FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 2 2 96–99.
IEEE U. Aras, H. Kalaycıoğlu, H. Yel, and S. Durmaz, “FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES”, Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 96–99, 2016, doi: 10.22531/muglajsci.283626.
ISNAD Aras, Uğur et al. “FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology 2/2 (December 2016), 96-99. https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.283626.
JAMA Aras U, Kalaycıoğlu H, Yel H, Durmaz S. FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2016;2:96–99.
MLA Aras, Uğur et al. “FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES”. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 2, no. 2, 2016, pp. 96-99, doi:10.22531/muglajsci.283626.
Vancouver Aras U, Kalaycıoğlu H, Yel H, Durmaz S. FIRE PERFORMANCE, DECAY RESISTANCE AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PARTICLEBOARDS MADE FROM STONE PINE (PINUS PINEA L.) CONES. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology. 2016;2(2):96-9.

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