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Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 62 - 67, 15.12.2016

Yasar Kiran Gulden Dogan Zeynep Demirkan

https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.63926
Cited By: 1

Abstract





Objective:  In
this study the somatic chromosome numbers and detailed morphometric
properties of Tulipa pulchella
(Fenzl ex Regel) Baker was examined.


Material and
Methods:  The seeds were germinated on moist filter
paper in petri dishes at 25°C. Actively growing root tips were pretreated
with 0.05 M colchicine for 6 h at room temperature. Then, the root tips were
fixed with acetic alcohol (1:3 glacial acetic acid–absolute ethanol) for at
least 24 h at 4°C, hydrolyzed in 1 N HCl at 60°C for 1-2 min, then rinsed in
tap water for 3–5 min. Finally, they were stained in Feulgen for 1 h and
mounted in 45% acetic acid. Digital microphotographs from at least five
well-spread metaphase plates were taken using an Olympus BX51 microscope X40
objective and were recorded with an Olympus Camedia C-4000 digital camera.


Results:  The chromosome number of Tulipa pulchella is determined as 2n =
24 for this taxon. The karyotype consists of 8 submedian region (sm) and 4
subterminal (st) chromosomes. The metaphase chromosome length ranges from
9.35 to 16.48 μm, longest to shortest chromosome ratio was 1.9:4.1, total
karyotype length (TKL) was 150.99 um and the karyotype symmetry was type 1A.


Conclusion: The basic chromosome number of Tulipa
pulchella is x=12. The majority of tulip species and cultivars is diploid
(2n=2x=24), however, encounters to triploids (2n=3x=36), tetraploids
(2n=4x=48) and even some pentaploids (2n=5x=60) and hexaploid (2n=6x=72).
Identifying the chromosome number of this species in this study would provide
a base for biosystematic studies.

Keywords

Tulipa pulchella Chromosome Number Karyotype

References

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  • 2. Fay MF, Chase MW, Ronsted N, Devey DS, Pillon Y, Pires JC, et al. Phylogenetics of Liliales: summarized evidence from combined analyses of five plastid and one mitochondrial loci. Aliso. 2006;22: 559–565.
  • 3. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [APG]. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J of the Linn Soci. 2009;161:105–121.
  • 4. Eker I, Babaç MT, Koyuncu M. Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa. 2014;157 (1):001-112.
  • 5. Christenhusz MJM, Govaerts R, David JC, Hall T, Borland K, Roberts PS, et al. Tiptoe through the tulips-cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Bot J of the Linn Soci. 2013;172:280–328.
  • 6. Hoog MH. On the origin of Tulipa. In: Napier E. and Platt JNO. (eds), Lilies and other Liliaceae. The Royal Horticultural Society: London; 1973. p. 47–64.
  • 7. Pavord A. The tulip. Bloomsbury: London; 1999. p. 388.
  • 8. Dobbs L. Tulip 70 stunning varieties of the world’s favorite flower, St Martin’s: New York; 2003. p.104.
  • 9. Juodkaite R, Naujalis JR, Navalinskiene M, Samuitiene M. Evaluation of tulip (Tulipa L.) decorative capacities and resistance to tulip breaking potyvirus in the tulip collection of the Botanical Garden of Vilnius University. Biologia. 2005;4:64–70.
  • 10. Wilford R. Tulips species and hybrids for the gardener. Timber Press: Portland; 2006. p. 211.
  • 11. Tuyl JM Van, Creij MGM Van. Tulipa gesneriana and tulip hybrids. In: Anderson NO, Flower breeding and genetics: issues, challenges, and oppurtunities for the 21st century 23, Springer: Dordrecht; 2006. p. 613–637.
  • 12. Ozturk M, Akcicek E, Ozcelik H, Sayar A. Tulip in Turkish Art and Folklore. Proceedings of the second International Scientific Conference: Cario 17–20 March; 1997. p. 367–374.
  • 13. Baytop A. Turkiye’de Botanik Tarihi Arastırmaları. TUBITAK Yayınları, Akademik Dizi 3: Ankara; 2004.
  • 14. Booy G, Van Raamsdonk LWD. Variation in the enzyme esterase within and between Tulipa species; usefulness for the analysis of genetic relationships at different taxonomical levels. Biochem Syst Ecol. 1998;26:199–224.
  • 15. Raamsdonk LWD, Vries T. Biosystematic studies in Tulipa sect. Eriostemones (Liliaceae). Plant Syst and Evol. 1992;179:27–41.
  • 16. Guner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Baser KHC. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 11 (Suppl 2), Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 2000.
  • 17. Terzioğlu S, Coşkunçelebi K. Tulipa gumusanica (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici. 2002;39:149–151.
  • 18. Marais W. Tulipa. In: Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands, vol. 8, Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 1984. p. 245–263.
  • 19. Govaerts R. Tulipa. In: Govaerts R. (ed). World checklist of selected plant families: RBG Kew: UK; 2013.
  • 20. Persson K. Two new bulbous species from the central Taurus Mountains of Turkey. New Plantsman. 2000;7:200–208.
  • 21. Özhatay N, Koçak B. Tulipa karamanica. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands, vol. 11(Suppl. II). Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 2000. p. 246.
  • 22. Levan A, Fredga K, Sanberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 1964;52(2):201–220.
  • 23. Romero-Zarco C. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon. 1986;35: 526–530.
  • 24. Stebbins GL. Chromosome Evolution in Higher Plants. Edward Arnold: London;1971.
  • 25. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/IPCN
  • 26. Guignard L. L'appareil sexuel et la double fécondation dans les tulipes. Ann des Sci Nat Botanique (ser. viii). 1900;11:365–387.
  • 27. Mol WE de. Het celkundig-erfelijk onderzoek in dienst gesteld van de veredeling der hyacinthen, narcissen en tulpen. Genetica. 1925;7:111–118.
  • 28. Newton WCF. Chromosome studies in Tulipa and some related genera. J of the Linn Soci Bot. 1927;47:339–354.
  • 29. Newton WCF, Darlington CD. Meiosis in polyploids. I. Triploid and pentaploid tulips. J of Genetics. 1929;21: 1–15.
  • 30. Kroon GH, Jongerius MC. Chromosome numbers of Tulipa species and the occurrence of hexaploidy. Euphytica. 1986;35:73–76.
  • 31. Hall AD. The genus Tulipa. Royal Horticultural Society: London; 1940. p.171.
  • 32. Zeilinga AE, Schouten HP. Polyploidy in garden tulips. I. Survey of Tulipa varieties for polyploids. Euphytica. 1968a;17:252-264.
  • 33. Zeilinga AE, Schouten HP. Polyploidy in garden tulips. II. The productıon of tetraploids. Euphytica. 1968b;17:303-310.
  • 34. Holitscher O. Pruhonicky sortiment tulipanu. Acta Pruhoniciana. 1968;18:1-215.
  • 35. Kroon GH. Choromosome number of garden tulips. Acta Bot Neerlandica. 1975;24: 489-490.
  • 36. Van Scheepen J. Classified list and international register of tulip names. Royal General Bulbgrowers Association KAVB, Hillegom: The Netherlands; 1996.
  • 37. Abedi R, Babaei A, Karimzadeh G. Karyological and flow cytometric studies of Tulipa (Liliaceae) species from Iran. Plant Syst Evol. 2015; 301: 1473–1484.
  • 38. Southern DI. Species relationship in the genus Tulipa. Chromosoma. 1967;23:80-94.
  • 39. Blakey DH, Vosa CG. Heterochromatin and chromosome varition in cultivated species of Tulipa, subg. Eriostemones (Liliaceae). Plant Syst and Evol. 1981;139:47-55.

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 62 - 67, 15.12.2016

Yasar Kiran Gulden Dogan Zeynep Demirkan

https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.63926
Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

  • 1. Ronsted N, Law S, Thornton H, Fay MF, Chase MW. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria. Mol Phylo and Evo. 2005;35:509–527.
  • 2. Fay MF, Chase MW, Ronsted N, Devey DS, Pillon Y, Pires JC, et al. Phylogenetics of Liliales: summarized evidence from combined analyses of five plastid and one mitochondrial loci. Aliso. 2006;22: 559–565.
  • 3. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group [APG]. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot J of the Linn Soci. 2009;161:105–121.
  • 4. Eker I, Babaç MT, Koyuncu M. Revision of the genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in Turkey. Phytotaxa. 2014;157 (1):001-112.
  • 5. Christenhusz MJM, Govaerts R, David JC, Hall T, Borland K, Roberts PS, et al. Tiptoe through the tulips-cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Bot J of the Linn Soci. 2013;172:280–328.
  • 6. Hoog MH. On the origin of Tulipa. In: Napier E. and Platt JNO. (eds), Lilies and other Liliaceae. The Royal Horticultural Society: London; 1973. p. 47–64.
  • 7. Pavord A. The tulip. Bloomsbury: London; 1999. p. 388.
  • 8. Dobbs L. Tulip 70 stunning varieties of the world’s favorite flower, St Martin’s: New York; 2003. p.104.
  • 9. Juodkaite R, Naujalis JR, Navalinskiene M, Samuitiene M. Evaluation of tulip (Tulipa L.) decorative capacities and resistance to tulip breaking potyvirus in the tulip collection of the Botanical Garden of Vilnius University. Biologia. 2005;4:64–70.
  • 10. Wilford R. Tulips species and hybrids for the gardener. Timber Press: Portland; 2006. p. 211.
  • 11. Tuyl JM Van, Creij MGM Van. Tulipa gesneriana and tulip hybrids. In: Anderson NO, Flower breeding and genetics: issues, challenges, and oppurtunities for the 21st century 23, Springer: Dordrecht; 2006. p. 613–637.
  • 12. Ozturk M, Akcicek E, Ozcelik H, Sayar A. Tulip in Turkish Art and Folklore. Proceedings of the second International Scientific Conference: Cario 17–20 March; 1997. p. 367–374.
  • 13. Baytop A. Turkiye’de Botanik Tarihi Arastırmaları. TUBITAK Yayınları, Akademik Dizi 3: Ankara; 2004.
  • 14. Booy G, Van Raamsdonk LWD. Variation in the enzyme esterase within and between Tulipa species; usefulness for the analysis of genetic relationships at different taxonomical levels. Biochem Syst Ecol. 1998;26:199–224.
  • 15. Raamsdonk LWD, Vries T. Biosystematic studies in Tulipa sect. Eriostemones (Liliaceae). Plant Syst and Evol. 1992;179:27–41.
  • 16. Guner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Baser KHC. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 11 (Suppl 2), Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 2000.
  • 17. Terzioğlu S, Coşkunçelebi K. Tulipa gumusanica (Liliaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici. 2002;39:149–151.
  • 18. Marais W. Tulipa. In: Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands, vol. 8, Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 1984. p. 245–263.
  • 19. Govaerts R. Tulipa. In: Govaerts R. (ed). World checklist of selected plant families: RBG Kew: UK; 2013.
  • 20. Persson K. Two new bulbous species from the central Taurus Mountains of Turkey. New Plantsman. 2000;7:200–208.
  • 21. Özhatay N, Koçak B. Tulipa karamanica. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC. (eds). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands, vol. 11(Suppl. II). Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 2000. p. 246.
  • 22. Levan A, Fredga K, Sanberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 1964;52(2):201–220.
  • 23. Romero-Zarco C. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon. 1986;35: 526–530.
  • 24. Stebbins GL. Chromosome Evolution in Higher Plants. Edward Arnold: London;1971.
  • 25. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/IPCN
  • 26. Guignard L. L'appareil sexuel et la double fécondation dans les tulipes. Ann des Sci Nat Botanique (ser. viii). 1900;11:365–387.
  • 27. Mol WE de. Het celkundig-erfelijk onderzoek in dienst gesteld van de veredeling der hyacinthen, narcissen en tulpen. Genetica. 1925;7:111–118.
  • 28. Newton WCF. Chromosome studies in Tulipa and some related genera. J of the Linn Soci Bot. 1927;47:339–354.
  • 29. Newton WCF, Darlington CD. Meiosis in polyploids. I. Triploid and pentaploid tulips. J of Genetics. 1929;21: 1–15.
  • 30. Kroon GH, Jongerius MC. Chromosome numbers of Tulipa species and the occurrence of hexaploidy. Euphytica. 1986;35:73–76.
  • 31. Hall AD. The genus Tulipa. Royal Horticultural Society: London; 1940. p.171.
  • 32. Zeilinga AE, Schouten HP. Polyploidy in garden tulips. I. Survey of Tulipa varieties for polyploids. Euphytica. 1968a;17:252-264.
  • 33. Zeilinga AE, Schouten HP. Polyploidy in garden tulips. II. The productıon of tetraploids. Euphytica. 1968b;17:303-310.
  • 34. Holitscher O. Pruhonicky sortiment tulipanu. Acta Pruhoniciana. 1968;18:1-215.
  • 35. Kroon GH. Choromosome number of garden tulips. Acta Bot Neerlandica. 1975;24: 489-490.
  • 36. Van Scheepen J. Classified list and international register of tulip names. Royal General Bulbgrowers Association KAVB, Hillegom: The Netherlands; 1996.
  • 37. Abedi R, Babaei A, Karimzadeh G. Karyological and flow cytometric studies of Tulipa (Liliaceae) species from Iran. Plant Syst Evol. 2015; 301: 1473–1484.
  • 38. Southern DI. Species relationship in the genus Tulipa. Chromosoma. 1967;23:80-94.
  • 39. Blakey DH, Vosa CG. Heterochromatin and chromosome varition in cultivated species of Tulipa, subg. Eriostemones (Liliaceae). Plant Syst and Evol. 1981;139:47-55.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Yasar Kiran

Gulden Dogan

Zeynep Demirkan This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Kiran, Y., Dogan, G., & Demirkan, Z. (2016). Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker. Natural Science and Discovery, 2(4), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.63926
AMA Kiran Y, Dogan G, Demirkan Z. Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker. Nat Sci Discov. December 2016;2(4):62-67. doi:10.20863/nsd.63926
Chicago Kiran, Yasar, Gulden Dogan, and Zeynep Demirkan. “Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa Pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl Ex Regel) Baker”. Natural Science and Discovery 2, no. 4 (December 2016): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.63926.
EndNote Kiran Y, Dogan G, Demirkan Z (December 1, 2016) Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker. Natural Science and Discovery 2 4 62–67.
IEEE Y. Kiran, G. Dogan, and Z. Demirkan, “Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker”, Nat Sci Discov, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 62–67, 2016, doi: 10.20863/nsd.63926.
ISNAD Kiran, Yasar et al. “Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa Pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl Ex Regel) Baker”. Natural Science and Discovery 2/4 (December 2016), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.63926.
JAMA Kiran Y, Dogan G, Demirkan Z. Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker. Nat Sci Discov. 2016;2:62–67.
MLA Kiran, Yasar et al. “Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa Pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl Ex Regel) Baker”. Natural Science and Discovery, vol. 2, no. 4, 2016, pp. 62-67, doi:10.20863/nsd.63926.
Vancouver Kiran Y, Dogan G, Demirkan Z. Karyotype Analysis of Tulipa pulchella (Liliaceae) (Fenzl ex Regel) Baker. Nat Sci Discov. 2016;2(4):62-7.

Cited By

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Yue Lan
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.055
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