Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.)

Gulden Dogan; Yasar Kiran

doi:10.20863/nsd.332746

Research Article

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 39 - 43, 30.09.2017

Gulden Dogan Yasar Kiran

https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746

Abstract

References

1. Weaver SE, Lechowich MJ. The biology of Canadian weeds. 56. Xanthium strumarium L. J Plant Sci. 1982; 63:211-225.
2. Caius JF. Medicinal and poisonous plants of India. Pbl Sci Publ Jodhpur India. 1986; 375-376.
3. Love D, Dansureau P. Biosystematic studies on Xanthium: taxonomic appraisal and ecological status. Can J Bot. 1959; 37:173-208. 4. Prain D. Bengal plants-II, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, 1903; 607-608.
5. Oudhia P, Dixit A. Weeds in Ambimkapur region (Madhya Pradesh) and their traditional use. Weed News. 1994; 1:19-21.
6. Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island, Vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 1975.
7. Flora of the Ussr [In Russian]. Vol. 25. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad. 1959; 521.
8. Plant resources of Russia, Wild Flowering Plants, Their Quantitative Composition and Biological Activity [in Russian]. Vol. 5. Part 2. St. Petersburg, Moscow. 2013; 139-141.
9. Makhlayuk VP. Medicinal Plants in Folk Medicine [in Russian], Povolzhskoe Kn. Izd. Saratov. 1991; 131-132.
10. Ladynina EA. Wisdom of Herbs, Herbal Cures and Homeopathy [in Russian], AIF Print, Moscow. 2003; 216–217.
11. Shrivastava KS, Krisnamurthy RS, Haksar CN. J Sci Ind Res Sect B. 1957; 16: 427.
12. Chandel S, Bagai U, Vashishat N. Antiplasmodial activity of Xanthium strumarium against Plasmodium berghei-infected BALB/c mice. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(3):1179-83.
13. Gautam R, Saklani A, Jachak SM. Indian medicinal plants as a source of antimycobacterial agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 110(2):200-34.
14. Ma YT, Huang MC, Hsu FL, Chang HF. Thiazinedione from Xanthium strumarium. Phytochemistry. 1998; 48(6):1083–1085.
15. Yin MH, Kang DG, Choi DH, Kwon TO, Lee HS. Screening of vasorelaxant activity of some medicinal plants used in oriental medicines. J of Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 99(1):113-117. 16. Rodriguez E, Towers G, Mitchell J. Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones. Phytochemistry. 1976; 15(11):1573–1580.
17. Harada A, Sakata K, Ina H, Ina K. Isolation and identification of xanthatin as an anti-attaching repellent against blue mussel. Agric Biol Chem. 1985; 49(6):1887–1888. 18. Kawazu K, Nakajima S, Ariwa M. Xanthumin and 8-epi-xanthatin as insect development inhibitors from Xanthium canadense Mill. Experientia. 1979; 35(10):1294–1295. 19. Kim H, Lee I, Yeo S, Seong L, Yu T. Isolation and characterization of antitumor agents from Xanthium strumarium L. Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2003; 18:324-328.
20. Lavault M, Landreau A, Larcher G, Bouchara JP, Pagniez F, Le P, et al. Antileishmanial and antifungal activities of xanthanolides isolated from Xanthium macrocarpum. Fitoterapia. 2005; 76(3):363-366.
21. Roussakis C, Chinou I, Vayas C, Harvala C, Verbist J. Cytotoxic activity of xanthatin and the crude extracts of Xanthium strumarium. Planta Med. 1994; 60(5):473.
22. Sato Y, Oketani H, Yamada T, Singyouchi KI, Ohtsubo T, Kihara M, et al. A Xanthanolide with potent antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1997; 49(10):1042–1044.
23. Ladynina EA. Wisdom of Herbs, Herbal Cures and Homeopathy [in Russian], AIF Print, Moscow. 2003; 216-217.
24. Klimakhin GI, Fonin VS, Maslyakov VY, Fadeev NB, Semikin VV, Pelgunova LA. Biochemical features of common cocklebur (Xanthıum strumarium L.) Pharmaceutical Chemistry J. 2015; 49(8):32-35.
25. Zhu YP. Chinese Materia Medica: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications. Harwood Academic Publishers: Amsterdam; 1998.
26. Kamboj A, Saluja AK. Phytopharmacological review of Xanthium strumarium L. (Cocklebur). Int J of Green Pharmacy. 2010; 4:129-139.
27. Levan A, Fredga K, Sanberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 1964; 52(2):201-220.
28. Romero-Zarco C. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon. 1986; 35: 526-530.
29. Stebbins GL. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. London, UK: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd; 1971.
30. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/IPCN
31. http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/infolib/meta_pub/G0000003
32. Sarker AK, Datta N, Chatterjee U, Hazra D. In Love, A. (ed.):IOPB Chromosome number reports. LXXVI. Taxon. 1982; 31(3):574-598.
33. Razaq ZA, Vahidy AA, Ali DH. Chromosome numbers in Compositae from Pakistan. Ann Missouri Bot Gard. 1994; 81(4):800-808.
34. Bala S, Gupta G. In K. Marhold (ed.): IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 12. Taxon. 2011; 60(6):1784-1796.
35. Bala S, Gupta G. Male meiosis and chromosome number in Asteraceae family from district Kangra of H.P. (Western Himalayas). Int J Bot Res. 2013; 3(1):43-58.
36. Singhal VK, Garg P, Kumar P. Cytological studies of some dicots from the hills of Mandi district (Himachal Pradesh) in Northwest Indian Himalayas. Cytologia. 2013; 78(1):1-14.
37. Ishıkawa M. A list of the number of chromosomes. Bot Mag Tokyo (J Plant Res.) 1916; 30(360): 404. 38. Skalinska M, Malecka J, Izmailow R. et al. Further studies in chromosome numbers of polish angiosperms X. Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot. 1974; 17:133-164.
39. Rostoutseva TS. Chromosome numbers of some species of the family Asteraceae Dumort. Bot Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 1979; 64(4):582-589.
40. Sidhu MK. Distributional and cytological studies of the weed flora of cultivable field of Patiala district (Panjab). Ph. D. Thesis, Punjabi University: Patiala -India; 1979.
41. Bir SS, Sidhu M. Cyto-palynological studies on weed flora of cultivable lands of Patiala district (Punjab). J Palynology. 1980; 16:85-105.
42. Love A, Love D. In Love, A.(ed.): IOPB Chromosome number reports. LXXV. Taxon. 1982; 31(2): 342-368.
43. Lomonosova MN. In K. Marhold and I. Breitwieser (eds.): IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 16. Taxon. 2013; 62(6):1357.
44. Bakale VL, Srinivasu T. Mitotic and karyological studies in Xanthium strumarium L. Adv Plant Sci. 1988; 1:201-207.
45. Mathew A, Mathew PH. Cytological studies on the south Indian Compositae. Glimpses Plant Res. 1998; 8:1-177.
46.Probatova NS, Sokolovskaia AP. Chromosome numbers in some representatives of the families Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Scrophularoaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae from the Soviet Far East. (in Russian). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad). 1990; 75(11):1619-1622.
47. Baltisbarger M. Chromosome numbers in some species from Greece. Bot Chron (Patras). 1994; 11:15-29.
48. Jose JC, Mathew PM. Chromosome numbers in the south Indian Heliantheae (Compositae). Compositae Newslett. 1995; 27:7-10. 49. Badr A, Kamel EA, Garcia-Jacas N. Chromosome stusies in the Egyptian Flora. IV. Karyotype features of some species in subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae). Compositae Newslett. 1997; 30:15-28.
50. Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Hanson L. DNA amounts in two samples of Angiosperm weeds. Ann Bot. 1998; 82 (Suppl. A):121-134.
51. Joshi KK, Joshi SD. Genetic heritage of medicinal and aromatic plants of Nepal Himalayas, Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd, Kathmandu: Nepal; 2001.
52. Alam SS, Sukur, MB, Zaman, MY. Karyotype analysis in 2 morphological forms of Xanthium strumarium L. Cytologia. 2011; 76(4):483-488.
53. Gupta RC, Kataria V, Mehra A. Cytomorphological studies in some gamopetalous species of Western Himalaya: An attempt to add new or varied cytotypes. Chromosome Botany. 2012; 7(2):59-65.
54. Chepinoga VV, Gnutikov AA, Lubogoschinsky PI, Isaikina MM, Konovalov AS. In Marhold, K.(ed.):IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 13. Taxon. 2012; 61(4):891.

Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.)

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 39 - 43, 30.09.2017

Gulden Dogan Yasar Kiran

https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746

Abstract

Objective: The purpose
of this study is to determine the mitotic chromosome number, morphometric
parameters, and karyotypes of Xanthium
strumarium and make contributions to other multidisciplinary studies on the
genus.

Material
and Methods: The seeds were germinated on moist filter paper in
Petri dishes at 25°C. Actively growing root tips were pre-treated with aqueous paradichlorobenzene for 4h at room temperature. Then, the root tips were fixed with
acetic alcohol (1:3 glacial acetic acid–absolute ethanol) for at least 24 h at
4°C, hydrolysed in 1 N HCl at 60°C for 3 min, then rinsed in tap water for 3–5
min. Finally, they were stained in Feulgen for 1 h and mounted in 45% acetic
acid. Digital microphotographs from at least five well-spread metaphase plates
were taken using an Olympus BX51 microscope and were recorded with an Olympus
Camedia C-4000 digital camera.

Results: The chromosome number is determined as 2n = 36 for
this taxon. The karyotype consists of 16 median region (m) and 2 submedian
region (sm) chromosomes. The metaphase chromosome length ranges from 2.30 to 4.03 μm, longest to shortest chromosome ratio is 1.7:1.1, total karyotype length (TKL) 54.76 m and the
karyotype symmetry is type 1A.

Conclusion: The
results of this study showed that the chromosome number of Xanthium strumarium is 2n=36. Satellites were not observed in the karyotype of this
species. Identifying the chromosome
number of this species in this study provides a base for biosystematic studies.

Keywords

Chromosome number, Xanthium

References

1. Weaver SE, Lechowich MJ. The biology of Canadian weeds. 56. Xanthium strumarium L. J Plant Sci. 1982; 63:211-225.
2. Caius JF. Medicinal and poisonous plants of India. Pbl Sci Publ Jodhpur India. 1986; 375-376.
3. Love D, Dansureau P. Biosystematic studies on Xanthium: taxonomic appraisal and ecological status. Can J Bot. 1959; 37:173-208. 4. Prain D. Bengal plants-II, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, 1903; 607-608.
5. Oudhia P, Dixit A. Weeds in Ambimkapur region (Madhya Pradesh) and their traditional use. Weed News. 1994; 1:19-21.
6. Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Island, Vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 1975.
7. Flora of the Ussr [In Russian]. Vol. 25. Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Leningrad. 1959; 521.
8. Plant resources of Russia, Wild Flowering Plants, Their Quantitative Composition and Biological Activity [in Russian]. Vol. 5. Part 2. St. Petersburg, Moscow. 2013; 139-141.
9. Makhlayuk VP. Medicinal Plants in Folk Medicine [in Russian], Povolzhskoe Kn. Izd. Saratov. 1991; 131-132.
10. Ladynina EA. Wisdom of Herbs, Herbal Cures and Homeopathy [in Russian], AIF Print, Moscow. 2003; 216–217.
11. Shrivastava KS, Krisnamurthy RS, Haksar CN. J Sci Ind Res Sect B. 1957; 16: 427.
12. Chandel S, Bagai U, Vashishat N. Antiplasmodial activity of Xanthium strumarium against Plasmodium berghei-infected BALB/c mice. Parasitol Res. 2012; 110(3):1179-83.
13. Gautam R, Saklani A, Jachak SM. Indian medicinal plants as a source of antimycobacterial agents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 110(2):200-34.
14. Ma YT, Huang MC, Hsu FL, Chang HF. Thiazinedione from Xanthium strumarium. Phytochemistry. 1998; 48(6):1083–1085.
15. Yin MH, Kang DG, Choi DH, Kwon TO, Lee HS. Screening of vasorelaxant activity of some medicinal plants used in oriental medicines. J of Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 99(1):113-117. 16. Rodriguez E, Towers G, Mitchell J. Biological activities of sesquiterpene lactones. Phytochemistry. 1976; 15(11):1573–1580.
17. Harada A, Sakata K, Ina H, Ina K. Isolation and identification of xanthatin as an anti-attaching repellent against blue mussel. Agric Biol Chem. 1985; 49(6):1887–1888. 18. Kawazu K, Nakajima S, Ariwa M. Xanthumin and 8-epi-xanthatin as insect development inhibitors from Xanthium canadense Mill. Experientia. 1979; 35(10):1294–1295. 19. Kim H, Lee I, Yeo S, Seong L, Yu T. Isolation and characterization of antitumor agents from Xanthium strumarium L. Korean J Biotechnol Bioeng. 2003; 18:324-328.
20. Lavault M, Landreau A, Larcher G, Bouchara JP, Pagniez F, Le P, et al. Antileishmanial and antifungal activities of xanthanolides isolated from Xanthium macrocarpum. Fitoterapia. 2005; 76(3):363-366.
21. Roussakis C, Chinou I, Vayas C, Harvala C, Verbist J. Cytotoxic activity of xanthatin and the crude extracts of Xanthium strumarium. Planta Med. 1994; 60(5):473.
22. Sato Y, Oketani H, Yamada T, Singyouchi KI, Ohtsubo T, Kihara M, et al. A Xanthanolide with potent antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1997; 49(10):1042–1044.
23. Ladynina EA. Wisdom of Herbs, Herbal Cures and Homeopathy [in Russian], AIF Print, Moscow. 2003; 216-217.
24. Klimakhin GI, Fonin VS, Maslyakov VY, Fadeev NB, Semikin VV, Pelgunova LA. Biochemical features of common cocklebur (Xanthıum strumarium L.) Pharmaceutical Chemistry J. 2015; 49(8):32-35.
25. Zhu YP. Chinese Materia Medica: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications. Harwood Academic Publishers: Amsterdam; 1998.
26. Kamboj A, Saluja AK. Phytopharmacological review of Xanthium strumarium L. (Cocklebur). Int J of Green Pharmacy. 2010; 4:129-139.
27. Levan A, Fredga K, Sanberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 1964; 52(2):201-220.
28. Romero-Zarco C. A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry. Taxon. 1986; 35: 526-530.
29. Stebbins GL. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants. London, UK: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd; 1971.
30. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/IPCN
31. http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/infolib/meta_pub/G0000003
32. Sarker AK, Datta N, Chatterjee U, Hazra D. In Love, A. (ed.):IOPB Chromosome number reports. LXXVI. Taxon. 1982; 31(3):574-598.
33. Razaq ZA, Vahidy AA, Ali DH. Chromosome numbers in Compositae from Pakistan. Ann Missouri Bot Gard. 1994; 81(4):800-808.
34. Bala S, Gupta G. In K. Marhold (ed.): IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 12. Taxon. 2011; 60(6):1784-1796.
35. Bala S, Gupta G. Male meiosis and chromosome number in Asteraceae family from district Kangra of H.P. (Western Himalayas). Int J Bot Res. 2013; 3(1):43-58.
36. Singhal VK, Garg P, Kumar P. Cytological studies of some dicots from the hills of Mandi district (Himachal Pradesh) in Northwest Indian Himalayas. Cytologia. 2013; 78(1):1-14.
37. Ishıkawa M. A list of the number of chromosomes. Bot Mag Tokyo (J Plant Res.) 1916; 30(360): 404. 38. Skalinska M, Malecka J, Izmailow R. et al. Further studies in chromosome numbers of polish angiosperms X. Acta Biol Cracov Ser Bot. 1974; 17:133-164.
39. Rostoutseva TS. Chromosome numbers of some species of the family Asteraceae Dumort. Bot Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad) 1979; 64(4):582-589.
40. Sidhu MK. Distributional and cytological studies of the weed flora of cultivable field of Patiala district (Panjab). Ph. D. Thesis, Punjabi University: Patiala -India; 1979.
41. Bir SS, Sidhu M. Cyto-palynological studies on weed flora of cultivable lands of Patiala district (Punjab). J Palynology. 1980; 16:85-105.
42. Love A, Love D. In Love, A.(ed.): IOPB Chromosome number reports. LXXV. Taxon. 1982; 31(2): 342-368.
43. Lomonosova MN. In K. Marhold and I. Breitwieser (eds.): IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 16. Taxon. 2013; 62(6):1357.
44. Bakale VL, Srinivasu T. Mitotic and karyological studies in Xanthium strumarium L. Adv Plant Sci. 1988; 1:201-207.
45. Mathew A, Mathew PH. Cytological studies on the south Indian Compositae. Glimpses Plant Res. 1998; 8:1-177.
46.Probatova NS, Sokolovskaia AP. Chromosome numbers in some representatives of the families Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Scrophularoaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae from the Soviet Far East. (in Russian). Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow and Leningrad). 1990; 75(11):1619-1622.
47. Baltisbarger M. Chromosome numbers in some species from Greece. Bot Chron (Patras). 1994; 11:15-29.
48. Jose JC, Mathew PM. Chromosome numbers in the south Indian Heliantheae (Compositae). Compositae Newslett. 1995; 27:7-10. 49. Badr A, Kamel EA, Garcia-Jacas N. Chromosome stusies in the Egyptian Flora. IV. Karyotype features of some species in subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae). Compositae Newslett. 1997; 30:15-28.
50. Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Hanson L. DNA amounts in two samples of Angiosperm weeds. Ann Bot. 1998; 82 (Suppl. A):121-134.
51. Joshi KK, Joshi SD. Genetic heritage of medicinal and aromatic plants of Nepal Himalayas, Buddha Academic Publishers and Distributers Pvt. Ltd, Kathmandu: Nepal; 2001.
52. Alam SS, Sukur, MB, Zaman, MY. Karyotype analysis in 2 morphological forms of Xanthium strumarium L. Cytologia. 2011; 76(4):483-488.
53. Gupta RC, Kataria V, Mehra A. Cytomorphological studies in some gamopetalous species of Western Himalaya: An attempt to add new or varied cytotypes. Chromosome Botany. 2012; 7(2):59-65.
54. Chepinoga VV, Gnutikov AA, Lubogoschinsky PI, Isaikina MM, Konovalov AS. In Marhold, K.(ed.):IAPT/IOPB Chromosome data 13. Taxon. 2012; 61(4):891.

There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section	Original Articles
Authors	Gulden Dogan Yasar Kiran
Publication Date	September 30, 2017
Published in Issue	Year 2017 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Dogan, G., & Kiran, Y. (2017). Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Natural Science and Discovery, 3(3), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746
AMA	Dogan G, Kiran Y. Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Nat Sci Discov. September 2017;3(3):39-43. doi:10.20863/nsd.332746
Chicago	Dogan, Gulden, and Yasar Kiran. “Karyotype Analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.)”. Natural Science and Discovery 3, no. 3 (September 2017): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746.
EndNote	Dogan G, Kiran Y (September 1, 2017) Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Natural Science and Discovery 3 3 39–43.
IEEE	G. Dogan and Y. Kiran, “Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.)”, Nat Sci Discov, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 39–43, 2017, doi: 10.20863/nsd.332746.
ISNAD	Dogan, Gulden - Kiran, Yasar. “Karyotype Analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.)”. Natural Science and Discovery 3/3 (September 2017), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.20863/nsd.332746.
JAMA	Dogan G, Kiran Y. Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Nat Sci Discov. 2017;3:39–43.
MLA	Dogan, Gulden and Yasar Kiran. “Karyotype Analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.)”. Natural Science and Discovery, vol. 3, no. 3, 2017, pp. 39-43, doi:10.20863/nsd.332746.
Vancouver	Dogan G, Kiran Y. Karyotype analysis of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Nat Sci Discov. 2017;3(3):39-43.

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