Research Article
The effects of safflower meal on the performance, egg quality traits, yolk fatty acids and cholesterol levels in laying hens
Abstract
In this study, the effects of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) meal (SM) on performance parameters, egg internal-external quality characteristics and egg yolk fatty acid profiles, yolk cholesterol ratio in laying hens were examined. The research design was a completely randomized design. The treatments were represented by six diets with increasing levels of inclusion (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15%) of SM and each group had twelve replications. Each replication had one laying hen and 43 weeks old 72 laying hen were used in study. The water and feed were given ad libitum. The daily lighting time was 16.5 hours. In the present study, which lasted for nine weeks (63 days), the different doses of SM did not affect the liveweight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg yield, egg weight, shape index, albumen index, yolk index, shell weight, shell thickness, shell strength, Haugh unit, yolk weight, yolk fat ratio and yolk colour (P>0,05). But, the effects of different doses of SM on cholesterol, total saturated fatty acid and total unsaturated fatty acid contents of egg yolk were found significant (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, safflower meal can be used in laying hen diets up to 15 % without any adverse effects on performance, mortality and egg quality traits.
References
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- Abughazaleh, A.A., Riley, M.B., Thies, E.E., Jenkins, T.C. 2005. Dilution rate and pH effects on the conversion of oleic acid to trans C18:1 positional isomers in continuous culture. J. Dair.Sci., 88: 4334-4341.
- Alvarez-Gonzalez, C.A., Lopez-Gonzalez, B., Gutierrez-Leyva, R., Goytortua-Bores, E., Civera-Cerecedo, R. 2007. Use of safflower Carthamus tinctorius products in diets for tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Effects on growth and apparent digestibility. Caribbean & Latin American Aquaculture, 6-9 November. San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- Anonim, 2015. Kabuklu tavuk yumurtası standardı. TS 1068, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü.
- AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Edn. Washington D.C. Method numbers: 960.52, 923.09 ve 920.39.
- Barbour, G.W., Usayran, N.N., Yau, S.K., Murr, S.K., Shaib, H.A., Abi Nader, N.N., Salameh, G.M., Farran, M.T. 2016. The effect of safflower meal substitution in a lysine fortified corn-soybean meal diet on performance, egg quality, and yolk fat profile of laying hens. J. App. Poult. Res., 25(2):256-265.
- Baümler, E., Cuniberti, A., Nolascoa, S.M., Riccobene, I.C. 2006. Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. J. Food Eng., 72 (2): 134-140. blood parameters of broiler chicks. Indian Vet. J., 84: 610-612.
- Batal, A., Dale N., Farms, S. 2016. Feedstuffs, Ingredient Analysis Table: 2016 edition. Athens, GA. Nutrient content of safflower seed meal.
- Bertechini, A.G. 2003. Mitos e verdades sobre o ovo de consumo. 21 th Conferência de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícola; Santos, São Paulo. Brasil., s:19.
- Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica, 1989. Methods of Biochemical Analysis and Food Analysis., s: 26-28. Mannheim, Germany.
- Bryant, M., Wu, G., Rolve, D.R. 2005. Optimizing dietary energy for profits and performance of two strains of White Leghorns. Proceedings of the International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts; Atlanta, GA., s:23.
- Carpenter, K.J., Clegg, K.M., 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation ro their chemical composition. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 7: 45-51.
- Dajue, L., Mündel, H.H. 1996. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and Neglected Crops 7. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, pp:83, Gatersleben/TPGRI, Rome, Italy. ISBN 92-9043-297-7
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- Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28:350-356.
- Ehsani, A., Mahdavi, A.H., Samie, A.H., Dolatkhah, B. 2013. Effects of dietary administration of multi-enzyme on productive performance of laying hens fed different levels of safflower meal. J. of Anim. and Poult. Sci., 2(4): 108-119
- Eldin, A.K., Franka, J., Razdan, A., Tengblad, S., Basu, S., Vessby, B. 2000. Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats. Lipids, Vol. 35, no. 4.
- Faitarone, A.B.G., Garcia, E.A., Roça R de O., Ricardo, H de A., Verade, EN de V., Pelícia K., Vercese F. 2013. Cholesterol levels and nutritional composition of commercial layers eggs fed diets with different vegetable oils. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola; vol.15 no.1.
- Farran, M.T., Barbour, G.W., Usayran, N.N., Kayouli, C. 2010. Metabolizable energy and aminoacid digestibility of decorticated extruded safflower meal. Poult. Sci.;89 (9):1962-1966.
- Folch, J., Lees, M., Stanley, G.H.S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Bio. Chem., 226: 497-509.
- Gowda, N.K.S., Ramana, J.V., Prasad, C.S., Singh, K. 2004. Micronutrient content of certain tropical conventional and unconventional feed resources of Southern India. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 36 (1): 77-94.
- Göhl, B., 1982. Les aliments du bétail sous les tropiques. FAO, Division de Production et Santé Animale, Roma, Italy.
- GRDC, 2010. Raising the bar with better safflower agronomy - Autumn 2010. GRDC - Grain research and development corporation.
- Grobas, S., Mendez, J., De Blas, C., Mateos, G.G.. 1999. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult. Sci. 78:1542–1551.
- Hargis, P.S. 1988. Modifying egg yolk cholesterol in the domestic fowl-a review. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 44: 17-29.
- Hargis, P.S, Van Elswyk, M.E., Hargis, B.M. 1991. Dietary modification of yolk lipid with savelha oil. Poult. Sci.;70:874-883.
- Harms, R.H., Russell, G.B., Sloan, D.R. 2000. Performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 9:535-541.
- Hertrampf, J.W., Piedad-Pascual, F. 2000. Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. Kluwer Academic Publishers., s:624.
- Heuzé, V., Tran, G., Chapoutot, P., Renaudeau, D., Bastianelli, D., Lebas, F., 2015. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds and oil meal. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ ve FAO. http://feedipedia.org/node/49 Last updated on October 6, 10:51.
- Holland, K.G., Grunder, A.A., Williams, C.L. 1980. Response to five generations of selection for blood cholesterol levels in White Leghorns. Poult. Sci.;59:1316-26.
- Karabulut, A., Canbolat, Ö. 2005. Yem değerlendirme ve analiz yöntemleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları. Yayın No: 2.05.048.0424, Bursa.
- Keshavarz, K., 1995. Further investigations on the effect of dietary manipulations of nutrients on early egg weight. Poult. Sci., 74: 62-74.
- Kotrbáček, V., Skřivan, M., Kopecký J., Pěnkava, O., Hudečková P., Uhríková, I., Doubek, J., 2013. Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic chlorella. Czech J. of Anim. Sci., 58(5): 193-200.
- Ling, W.H., Jones, P.J.H. 1995. Enhanced efficacy of sitostanolcontaining versus sitostanol-free phytosterol mixtures in altering lipoprotein cholesterol levels and synthesis in rats. Atherosclerosis. 118: 319-331.
- Liu, Z., Wu, G., Bryant, M.M., Rolve, D.A. 2005. Influence of added synthetic lysine in low-protein diets with the methionine plus cysteine to lysine ratio maintained at 0.75. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 14: 174-182.
- Martino, R.C., Cyrino, J.E.P., Portz, L., Trugo, L.C. 2002. Performance and fatty acid composition of surubim (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) fed diets with animal ve plant lipids. Aquaculture, 209: 233-246.
- Mineki, M., Kobayashi, M. 1998. Microstructural changes in stored hen egg yolk. J.Poultr. Sci. 35: 285-294.
- Mohan, L., Reddy, C.V., Rao, P.V., Siddiqui, S.M. 1984. Safflower meal as a protein sourcein broiler rations. Indian J. Anim. Sci.54:870-875.
- Mori, A.V. 2001. Utilização de óleo de peixe e linhaça na ração como fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3 em ovos [tese]. São Paulo (SP): Universidade de São Paulo, Brasília.
- Mündel, H.H., Blackshaw, R.E., Byers, J.R., Huang, H.C., Johnson, D.L., Keon, R., Mündel H.H., Morrison R.J., Blackshaw, R.E., Roth, B. 2004. Safflower production on the Canadian prairies. Agricultural Research Stations. Lethbridge, Canada, pp:43. ISBN: 0-662-38209-9.
- Naber, E.C. 1979. The effect of nutrition on the composition of eggs. Poultry Science;58: 518-28.
- Nagaraj, G. 1993. Safflower seed composition ve oil quality a review. Proceedings of the 3rd International Safflower Conference, June 14-18, Beijing, China, pp: 58-71.
- Novak, C., Yakout, H., Scheideler, S. 2004. The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in dekalb delta laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83: 977-984.
- NRC (National Research Council), 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. edn. 9th, The National Academy of Sciences., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
- Oyen, L.P.A., Umali, B.E. 2007. Carthamus tinctorius L.. Record from Protabase. van der Vossen, H.A.M., Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Palter, R., Lundin, R.E., Haddon, W.F. 1972. A cathartic lignan glycoside isolated from Carthamus tinctorus. Phytochemistry 11: 2871-2874.
- Petersen, C.F., Meyer, G.B., Sauter, E.A. 1976. Comparison of metabolizable energy values of feed ingredients for chicks and hens. Poult. Sci., 55 (3): 1163-1165.
- Rahamatalla, A.B., Babiker, E.E., Krishna, A.G., El Tinay, A.H. 2001. Changes in fatty acids composition during seed growth and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from four safflower cultivars. Plant Food for Hum. Nutr..56: 385-395.
- Rehman, A., Malik, M.Y. 1986. Safflower meal as a protein source in broiler rations. Pak.J. Bioc. 19:39-42.
- Sakamura, S., Terayama .Y, Kawakatsu S., Ichihara A., Saito, H. 1978. Conjugated serotonins related to cathartic activity in safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Agric Biol. Chem 42: 1805-1806.
- SAS, 2005. Statistical analysis system, Institute Inc. User Guide. Carry, North Carolina U.S.A.
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Aspir küspesinin tavuklarda performans, yumurta kalite özellikleri, yumurta sarısı yağ asitleri ve kolesterol düzeyine etkisi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, aspir (Carthamus
tinctorius L.) küspesinin (AK) tavukların performans parametreleri, yumurta
kalite özellikleri, yumurta sarısı yağ asitleri ve kolesterol oranına etkileri
incelenmiştir. Tesadüf parselleri deneme deseninde yürütülen araştırmada,
farklı oranlarda AK içeren altı muamele grubunun (%0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15) her birinde 12’şer tekerrür olmak üzere, 43
haftalık yaşta toplam 72 adet kahverengi yumurtacı Lohmann ırkı tavuk
kullanılmıştır. Yem ve su ad libitum olarak verilmiş, günlük toplam aydınlatma
süresi 16.5 saat olarak uygulanmıştır. Dokuz hafta (63 gün) süren araştırmada,
AK’nın farklı dozları canlı ağırlık, yem tüketimi, yem dönüşüm oranı, yumurta
verimi, yumurta ağırlığı, şekil indeksi, ak indeksi, sarı indeksi, kabuk
ağırlığı, kabuk kalınlığı, kabuk kırılma direnci, Haugh birimi, sarı ağırlığı,
sarı yağ oranı ve sarı renk değerlerini etkilememiştir (P>0.05). Ancak, yumurta sarısı
kolesterolü, yumurta sarısı toplam doymuş yağ asitleri ve toplam doymamış yağ
asitleri miktarı üzerine AK’nın farklı dozlarının etkisi önemli olmuştur
(P<0.05).
References
- Abughazaleh, A.A., Riley, M.B., Thies, E.E., Jenkins, T.C. 2005. Dilution rate and pH effects on the conversion of oleic acid to trans C18:1 positional isomers in continuous culture. J. Dair.Sci., 88: 4334-4341.
- Abughazaleh, A.A., Riley, M.B., Thies, E.E., Jenkins, T.C. 2005. Dilution rate and pH effects on the conversion of oleic acid to trans C18:1 positional isomers in continuous culture. J. Dair.Sci., 88: 4334-4341.
- Alvarez-Gonzalez, C.A., Lopez-Gonzalez, B., Gutierrez-Leyva, R., Goytortua-Bores, E., Civera-Cerecedo, R. 2007. Use of safflower Carthamus tinctorius products in diets for tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Effects on growth and apparent digestibility. Caribbean & Latin American Aquaculture, 6-9 November. San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- Anonim, 2015. Kabuklu tavuk yumurtası standardı. TS 1068, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü.
- AOAC, 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th Edn. Washington D.C. Method numbers: 960.52, 923.09 ve 920.39.
- Barbour, G.W., Usayran, N.N., Yau, S.K., Murr, S.K., Shaib, H.A., Abi Nader, N.N., Salameh, G.M., Farran, M.T. 2016. The effect of safflower meal substitution in a lysine fortified corn-soybean meal diet on performance, egg quality, and yolk fat profile of laying hens. J. App. Poult. Res., 25(2):256-265.
- Baümler, E., Cuniberti, A., Nolascoa, S.M., Riccobene, I.C. 2006. Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. J. Food Eng., 72 (2): 134-140. blood parameters of broiler chicks. Indian Vet. J., 84: 610-612.
- Batal, A., Dale N., Farms, S. 2016. Feedstuffs, Ingredient Analysis Table: 2016 edition. Athens, GA. Nutrient content of safflower seed meal.
- Bertechini, A.G. 2003. Mitos e verdades sobre o ovo de consumo. 21 th Conferência de Ciência e Tecnologia Avícola; Santos, São Paulo. Brasil., s:19.
- Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica, 1989. Methods of Biochemical Analysis and Food Analysis., s: 26-28. Mannheim, Germany.
- Bryant, M., Wu, G., Rolve, D.R. 2005. Optimizing dietary energy for profits and performance of two strains of White Leghorns. Proceedings of the International Poultry Scientific Forum Abstracts; Atlanta, GA., s:23.
- Carpenter, K.J., Clegg, K.M., 1956. The metabolizable energy of poultry feeding stuffs in relation ro their chemical composition. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 7: 45-51.
- Dajue, L., Mündel, H.H. 1996. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and Neglected Crops 7. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, pp:83, Gatersleben/TPGRI, Rome, Italy. ISBN 92-9043-297-7
- Darroch, C.S., 1990. Safflower meal. In: Thacker, PA., and Kirkwood, RN.,(eds). Nontraditional feed sources for use in swine production, Butterworths, Stoneham, Massachusetts., s: 373-382.
- Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 28:350-356.
- Ehsani, A., Mahdavi, A.H., Samie, A.H., Dolatkhah, B. 2013. Effects of dietary administration of multi-enzyme on productive performance of laying hens fed different levels of safflower meal. J. of Anim. and Poult. Sci., 2(4): 108-119
- Eldin, A.K., Franka, J., Razdan, A., Tengblad, S., Basu, S., Vessby, B. 2000. Effects of dietary phenolic compounds on tocopherol, cholesterol, and fatty acids in rats. Lipids, Vol. 35, no. 4.
- Faitarone, A.B.G., Garcia, E.A., Roça R de O., Ricardo, H de A., Verade, EN de V., Pelícia K., Vercese F. 2013. Cholesterol levels and nutritional composition of commercial layers eggs fed diets with different vegetable oils. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola; vol.15 no.1.
- Farran, M.T., Barbour, G.W., Usayran, N.N., Kayouli, C. 2010. Metabolizable energy and aminoacid digestibility of decorticated extruded safflower meal. Poult. Sci.;89 (9):1962-1966.
- Folch, J., Lees, M., Stanley, G.H.S. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Bio. Chem., 226: 497-509.
- Gowda, N.K.S., Ramana, J.V., Prasad, C.S., Singh, K. 2004. Micronutrient content of certain tropical conventional and unconventional feed resources of Southern India. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 36 (1): 77-94.
- Göhl, B., 1982. Les aliments du bétail sous les tropiques. FAO, Division de Production et Santé Animale, Roma, Italy.
- GRDC, 2010. Raising the bar with better safflower agronomy - Autumn 2010. GRDC - Grain research and development corporation.
- Grobas, S., Mendez, J., De Blas, C., Mateos, G.G.. 1999. Laying hen productivity as affected by energy, supplemental fat, and linoleic acid concentration of the diet. Poult. Sci. 78:1542–1551.
- Hargis, P.S. 1988. Modifying egg yolk cholesterol in the domestic fowl-a review. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 44: 17-29.
- Hargis, P.S, Van Elswyk, M.E., Hargis, B.M. 1991. Dietary modification of yolk lipid with savelha oil. Poult. Sci.;70:874-883.
- Harms, R.H., Russell, G.B., Sloan, D.R. 2000. Performance of four strains of commercial layers with major changes in dietary energy. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 9:535-541.
- Hertrampf, J.W., Piedad-Pascual, F. 2000. Handbook on ingredients for aquaculture feeds. Kluwer Academic Publishers., s:624.
- Heuzé, V., Tran, G., Chapoutot, P., Renaudeau, D., Bastianelli, D., Lebas, F., 2015. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds and oil meal. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ ve FAO. http://feedipedia.org/node/49 Last updated on October 6, 10:51.
- Holland, K.G., Grunder, A.A., Williams, C.L. 1980. Response to five generations of selection for blood cholesterol levels in White Leghorns. Poult. Sci.;59:1316-26.
- Karabulut, A., Canbolat, Ö. 2005. Yem değerlendirme ve analiz yöntemleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Yayınları. Yayın No: 2.05.048.0424, Bursa.
- Keshavarz, K., 1995. Further investigations on the effect of dietary manipulations of nutrients on early egg weight. Poult. Sci., 74: 62-74.
- Kotrbáček, V., Skřivan, M., Kopecký J., Pěnkava, O., Hudečková P., Uhríková, I., Doubek, J., 2013. Retention of carotenoids in egg yolks of laying hens supplemented with heterotrophic chlorella. Czech J. of Anim. Sci., 58(5): 193-200.
- Ling, W.H., Jones, P.J.H. 1995. Enhanced efficacy of sitostanolcontaining versus sitostanol-free phytosterol mixtures in altering lipoprotein cholesterol levels and synthesis in rats. Atherosclerosis. 118: 319-331.
- Liu, Z., Wu, G., Bryant, M.M., Rolve, D.A. 2005. Influence of added synthetic lysine in low-protein diets with the methionine plus cysteine to lysine ratio maintained at 0.75. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 14: 174-182.
- Martino, R.C., Cyrino, J.E.P., Portz, L., Trugo, L.C. 2002. Performance and fatty acid composition of surubim (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans) fed diets with animal ve plant lipids. Aquaculture, 209: 233-246.
- Mineki, M., Kobayashi, M. 1998. Microstructural changes in stored hen egg yolk. J.Poultr. Sci. 35: 285-294.
- Mohan, L., Reddy, C.V., Rao, P.V., Siddiqui, S.M. 1984. Safflower meal as a protein sourcein broiler rations. Indian J. Anim. Sci.54:870-875.
- Mori, A.V. 2001. Utilização de óleo de peixe e linhaça na ração como fontes de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3 em ovos [tese]. São Paulo (SP): Universidade de São Paulo, Brasília.
- Mündel, H.H., Blackshaw, R.E., Byers, J.R., Huang, H.C., Johnson, D.L., Keon, R., Mündel H.H., Morrison R.J., Blackshaw, R.E., Roth, B. 2004. Safflower production on the Canadian prairies. Agricultural Research Stations. Lethbridge, Canada, pp:43. ISBN: 0-662-38209-9.
- Naber, E.C. 1979. The effect of nutrition on the composition of eggs. Poultry Science;58: 518-28.
- Nagaraj, G. 1993. Safflower seed composition ve oil quality a review. Proceedings of the 3rd International Safflower Conference, June 14-18, Beijing, China, pp: 58-71.
- Novak, C., Yakout, H., Scheideler, S. 2004. The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in dekalb delta laying hens. Poult. Sci. 83: 977-984.
- NRC (National Research Council), 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. edn. 9th, The National Academy of Sciences., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
- Oyen, L.P.A., Umali, B.E. 2007. Carthamus tinctorius L.. Record from Protabase. van der Vossen, H.A.M., Mkamilo, G.S. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.
- Palter, R., Lundin, R.E., Haddon, W.F. 1972. A cathartic lignan glycoside isolated from Carthamus tinctorus. Phytochemistry 11: 2871-2874.
- Petersen, C.F., Meyer, G.B., Sauter, E.A. 1976. Comparison of metabolizable energy values of feed ingredients for chicks and hens. Poult. Sci., 55 (3): 1163-1165.
- Rahamatalla, A.B., Babiker, E.E., Krishna, A.G., El Tinay, A.H. 2001. Changes in fatty acids composition during seed growth and physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from four safflower cultivars. Plant Food for Hum. Nutr..56: 385-395.
- Rehman, A., Malik, M.Y. 1986. Safflower meal as a protein source in broiler rations. Pak.J. Bioc. 19:39-42.
- Sakamura, S., Terayama .Y, Kawakatsu S., Ichihara A., Saito, H. 1978. Conjugated serotonins related to cathartic activity in safflower seeds (Carthamus tinctorious L.). Agric Biol. Chem 42: 1805-1806.
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There are 65 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Animal Sciences |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 20, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | January 1, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 32 Issue: 2 |
Cite
Online ISSN: 1308-8769