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The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province

Year 2018, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 216 - 225, 18.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.394923

Abstract

The study was conducted
with the participation of organic and conventional hazelnut producers in
Samsun, the oldest organic hazelnut production area in which most of the
organic hazelnuts are grown in Turkey and almost in the world. Both grower
groups were compared in terms of their communication networks on the use of
different fertilizers and the functioning of the network were presented by
making suggestions on how to develop it. Socio-economic status of the organic
hazelnut producers was better than conventional ones in terms of land size,
income, cooperation capacity, risk management and agricultural supports.  The results showed that the organic producers
used different fertilizers such as manure, compost, nutshell and husks from
their farms as well as packed organic fertilizers; whereas the conventional producers
used only chemical fertilizers. Social network analysis has shown the graphs of
communication networks among the producers, their relationships with different
private, public and media information sources and especially revealed leader
farmers whom functioned as source of information transfer (or even blocker)
among them. The basic source of technical information for both groups of producers
was the experienced leader farmers; as for organic producers, the heads of the
local organic producers' union was the main information source in terms of
commercial, legal and organizational aspects. The formal information sources
such as extension staff of local public institutions and advisors of private
organic marketing companies were limited and seldom used by most of the organic
producers. Therefore, organic producers developed their local knowledge source
based on their on-farm trials and experiences and shared this knowledge within
their peer groups. However, this information needs to be supported with
scientific findings.

References

  • Allard, G., David, C. and Henning J. 2001. The specialization of cereal systems in Europe: origin and consequences, in: Organic farming meet its development: future challenges, Lyon.Ataseven, Y. and Erdoğan G. 2008. The production of processed organic agricultural products and development in its trade in Turkey (English abstract). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 22 (2): 25-33.Aydoğan, M. 2012. The comparison of the communication resources on fertilizer usage of organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province by social network analysis (In Turkish). Agricultural Economic and Policy Development Institute Publications, ISBN: 978-605-4672-06-6. Ankara, Turkey.Bellon, S. and Tranchant J.P. 1981. Elements of analysis of biological husbandry on four farms in South-East France, in: Stonehouse. B. (Ed.), Biological Husbandry: a scientific approach to organic farming, Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 319–326.Cisilino, F. and Madau, F.A. 2007. Organic and conventional farming: a comparison analysis through the Italian FADN. I. Mediterranean Conference of Agro-Food Social Scientiests. 103rd EAAE Seminar. 23-25 April, Barcelona, Spain.Demiryürek, K., Ceyhan, V. and Uysal, O. 2006. Comparison of organic and conventional farmers’ risk attitudes (In Turkish). Turkey VII. Agricultural Economics Congress, Vol II: 1098-1104, Antalya.Demiryürek, K. 2000. The analysis of information systems for organic and conventional hazelnut producers in three villages of the Black Sea region, Turkey. PhD thesis, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.Demiryürek, K. 2004. Organic agriculture in Turkey and World (In Turkish). Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 3 (0).Demiryürek, K. 2010. Analysis of information systems and communication networks for organic and conventional hazelnut producers in the Samsun province of Turkey. Agricultural Systems, 103(7):444-452.Demiryürek, K. 2011. The concept of organic agriculture and the situation of organic agriculture in the world and Turkey (In Turkish). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University (JAFAG) 28(1): 27-36.Demiryürek, K. and Aydoğan, M. 2010. Determination of Turkey's export of organic agriculture and food products by social network analysis (In Turkish). Turkey IX. Agricultural Economics Congress, Vol. I: 333-340, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Demiryürek, K. and Bozoğlu, M. 2007. The alignment of Turkish organic agriculture policy to the European Union (In Turkish). J. of Fac. of Agric., OMU, 22(3):316-321.Demiryürek, K. and Ceyhan, V. 2008. Economics of organic and conventional hazelnut production in the Terme district of Samsun. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 23 (3): 217-227. Gautronneau, Y., Godard, D., Le Pape, Y., Sebillote, M., Bardet, C. and Bellon, S. 1981. Une nouvelle approche de l'agriculture biologique. Économie rurale, 142 (1): 39-39.Greer, G., Kaye-Blake, W., Zellman, E. and Ensor, C. 2008. Comparison of the financial performance of organic and conventional farms. Journal of Organic Systems, 3(2): 18-28.Hoang, L. A., Castella, J. C. and Novosad, P. 2006. Social networks and information access: Implications for agricultural extension in a rice farming community in northern Vietnam. Agriculture and human values, 23(4): 513-527.Lamine, C. and Bellon, S. 2009. Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 29(1): 97-112.Lampkin, N.H and Padel, S. 1994. Organic farming and agricultural policy in Western Europe: An overview. In: Lampkin N.H, Padel S, (Ed.), the economics of organic farming, CAB International, Oxon, UK. pp. 437-456.Le Pape, Y. and Rémy, J. 1988. Agriculture biologique: unité et diversité, in: Jollivet M. (Ed.), Pour une agriculture diversifiée, Collection Alternatives Rurales, Éditions L’Harmattan, Paris, France.Michelsen, J. 2001. Recent development and political acceptance of organic farming in Europe. Sociologia ruralis, 41(1): 3-20.Mrvar, A. 2011. Network Analysis Using Pajek. http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/sola/dr/slideseng1.pdf [04/06/2016].Nieberg, H. and Offermann, F. 2003. The profitability of organic farming in Europe. Organic agriculture: sustainability, markets and polices. OECD workshop on organic agriculture, Washington, UK, USA. Padel, S., Lampkin, N. and Foster, C. 1999. Influence of policy support on the development of organic farming in the European Union. International Planning Studies, 4 (3): 303-315.Padel, S. 2001. Conversion to organic farming: A typical example of the diffusion of an innovation? Sociologia Ruralis, 41(1):40-61.Padel, S. 2008. Values of organic producers converting at different times: results of a focus group study in five European countries. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 7(1-2): 63-77.Pimentel, D., Hepperly, P., Hanson, J., Douds, D. and Seidel, R. 2005. Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. BioScience, 55(7): 573-582.Rahman, M.H. and Yamao, M. 2007. Community based organic farming and social capital in different network structures studies in two farming communities in Bangladesh. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2(2): 62-68.Reganold, J. P., Glover, J. D., Andrews, P. K. and Hinman, H. R. 2001. Sustainability of three apple production systems. Nature, 410(6831): 926-930.Rigby, D., Woodhouse, P., Young, T. and Burton, M. 2001. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice. Ecological Economics, 39(3): 463-478.Sebillotte, M. 1997. A diagnostic method for assessing regional variations in crop yield. Agricultural Systems, 54(2):169-188.Turhan, Ş. 2005. Sustainability in agriculture and organic farming (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics 11 (1):13-24.Yetgin, M.A. 2010. Organic farming studies in Samsun province (In Turkish). SAMSUN directorate of provincial food agriculture and livestock. Samsun, Turkey.

The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun

Year 2018, Volume: 33 Issue: 3, 216 - 225, 18.10.2018
https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.394923

Abstract

This study was carried out to reveal
the sources of communication and social network of organic and conventional
hazelnut producers in Samsun province. The primary and basic material of the study
is the data obtained from the surveys, interviews and observations of the
organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Çamlıca, Yüksekyayla villages
and Ağcagüney town. Both producer groups were compared in terms of their social
networks and communication channels especially on the use of different
fertilizers by making suggestions on how to develop it.

The results of the research showed
that socio-economic status of the organic hazelnut producers was better than
conventional producers in terms of land size, income, cooperation capacity,
risk management and agricultural supports. 
Social Network Analysis (SNA) has shown the graphs of communication
networks among the producers, their relationships with different public,
private and mass media information sources and especially revealed leader
farmers whom functioned as source of information transfer (or even blocker)
among them.

The relationships in organic hazelnut
producers’ communication network in the village are strong, dense and
information sources are varied. On the contrary, the relationships in
communication network of conventional hazelnut producers were looser, strong
and information sources were uniform. The main source of technical information
for both groups of producers was the experienced leader farmers; as for organic
producers, the heads of the local organic producers' union was the main
information source in terms of commercial, legal and organizational aspects. In
other words, both organic and conventional producers rely on knowledge and
experience of producers who take on the role of opinion leader within the
village. Therefore, innovation and knowledge transfer to farmers can be
delivered through these opinion leaders.







As a result of the research, it can
be said that institutional information sources do not adequately support
organic and conventional hazelnut growers. Thus, organic producers developed
their local knowledge source based on their on-farm trials and experiences and
shared this knowledge within their peer groups. However, this information needs
to be supported with scientific findings.

References

  • Allard, G., David, C. and Henning J. 2001. The specialization of cereal systems in Europe: origin and consequences, in: Organic farming meet its development: future challenges, Lyon.Ataseven, Y. and Erdoğan G. 2008. The production of processed organic agricultural products and development in its trade in Turkey (English abstract). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 22 (2): 25-33.Aydoğan, M. 2012. The comparison of the communication resources on fertilizer usage of organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province by social network analysis (In Turkish). Agricultural Economic and Policy Development Institute Publications, ISBN: 978-605-4672-06-6. Ankara, Turkey.Bellon, S. and Tranchant J.P. 1981. Elements of analysis of biological husbandry on four farms in South-East France, in: Stonehouse. B. (Ed.), Biological Husbandry: a scientific approach to organic farming, Butterworths, London, UK, pp. 319–326.Cisilino, F. and Madau, F.A. 2007. Organic and conventional farming: a comparison analysis through the Italian FADN. I. Mediterranean Conference of Agro-Food Social Scientiests. 103rd EAAE Seminar. 23-25 April, Barcelona, Spain.Demiryürek, K., Ceyhan, V. and Uysal, O. 2006. Comparison of organic and conventional farmers’ risk attitudes (In Turkish). Turkey VII. Agricultural Economics Congress, Vol II: 1098-1104, Antalya.Demiryürek, K. 2000. The analysis of information systems for organic and conventional hazelnut producers in three villages of the Black Sea region, Turkey. PhD thesis, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.Demiryürek, K. 2004. Organic agriculture in Turkey and World (In Turkish). Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 3 (0).Demiryürek, K. 2010. Analysis of information systems and communication networks for organic and conventional hazelnut producers in the Samsun province of Turkey. Agricultural Systems, 103(7):444-452.Demiryürek, K. 2011. The concept of organic agriculture and the situation of organic agriculture in the world and Turkey (In Turkish). Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University (JAFAG) 28(1): 27-36.Demiryürek, K. and Aydoğan, M. 2010. Determination of Turkey's export of organic agriculture and food products by social network analysis (In Turkish). Turkey IX. Agricultural Economics Congress, Vol. I: 333-340, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Demiryürek, K. and Bozoğlu, M. 2007. The alignment of Turkish organic agriculture policy to the European Union (In Turkish). J. of Fac. of Agric., OMU, 22(3):316-321.Demiryürek, K. and Ceyhan, V. 2008. Economics of organic and conventional hazelnut production in the Terme district of Samsun. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems: 23 (3): 217-227. Gautronneau, Y., Godard, D., Le Pape, Y., Sebillote, M., Bardet, C. and Bellon, S. 1981. Une nouvelle approche de l'agriculture biologique. Économie rurale, 142 (1): 39-39.Greer, G., Kaye-Blake, W., Zellman, E. and Ensor, C. 2008. Comparison of the financial performance of organic and conventional farms. Journal of Organic Systems, 3(2): 18-28.Hoang, L. A., Castella, J. C. and Novosad, P. 2006. Social networks and information access: Implications for agricultural extension in a rice farming community in northern Vietnam. Agriculture and human values, 23(4): 513-527.Lamine, C. and Bellon, S. 2009. Conversion to organic farming: a multidimensional research object at the crossroads of agricultural and social sciences. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 29(1): 97-112.Lampkin, N.H and Padel, S. 1994. Organic farming and agricultural policy in Western Europe: An overview. In: Lampkin N.H, Padel S, (Ed.), the economics of organic farming, CAB International, Oxon, UK. pp. 437-456.Le Pape, Y. and Rémy, J. 1988. Agriculture biologique: unité et diversité, in: Jollivet M. (Ed.), Pour une agriculture diversifiée, Collection Alternatives Rurales, Éditions L’Harmattan, Paris, France.Michelsen, J. 2001. Recent development and political acceptance of organic farming in Europe. Sociologia ruralis, 41(1): 3-20.Mrvar, A. 2011. Network Analysis Using Pajek. http://mrvar.fdv.uni-lj.si/sola/dr/slideseng1.pdf [04/06/2016].Nieberg, H. and Offermann, F. 2003. The profitability of organic farming in Europe. Organic agriculture: sustainability, markets and polices. OECD workshop on organic agriculture, Washington, UK, USA. Padel, S., Lampkin, N. and Foster, C. 1999. Influence of policy support on the development of organic farming in the European Union. International Planning Studies, 4 (3): 303-315.Padel, S. 2001. Conversion to organic farming: A typical example of the diffusion of an innovation? Sociologia Ruralis, 41(1):40-61.Padel, S. 2008. Values of organic producers converting at different times: results of a focus group study in five European countries. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 7(1-2): 63-77.Pimentel, D., Hepperly, P., Hanson, J., Douds, D. and Seidel, R. 2005. Environmental, energetic, and economic comparisons of organic and conventional farming systems. BioScience, 55(7): 573-582.Rahman, M.H. and Yamao, M. 2007. Community based organic farming and social capital in different network structures studies in two farming communities in Bangladesh. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 2(2): 62-68.Reganold, J. P., Glover, J. D., Andrews, P. K. and Hinman, H. R. 2001. Sustainability of three apple production systems. Nature, 410(6831): 926-930.Rigby, D., Woodhouse, P., Young, T. and Burton, M. 2001. Constructing a farm level indicator of sustainable agricultural practice. Ecological Economics, 39(3): 463-478.Sebillotte, M. 1997. A diagnostic method for assessing regional variations in crop yield. Agricultural Systems, 54(2):169-188.Turhan, Ş. 2005. Sustainability in agriculture and organic farming (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics 11 (1):13-24.Yetgin, M.A. 2010. Organic farming studies in Samsun province (In Turkish). SAMSUN directorate of provincial food agriculture and livestock. Samsun, Turkey.
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Agricultural Economics
Authors

Mehmet Aydoğan 0000-0001-8427-5412

Kürşat Demiryürek

Publication Date October 18, 2018
Acceptance Date September 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 33 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aydoğan, M., & Demiryürek, K. (2018). The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(3), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.394923
AMA Aydoğan M, Demiryürek K. The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. ANAJAS. October 2018;33(3):216-225. doi:10.7161/omuanajas.394923
Chicago Aydoğan, Mehmet, and Kürşat Demiryürek. “The Comparison of Social Networks Between Organic and Conventional Hazelnut Producers in Samsun Province”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 33, no. 3 (October 2018): 216-25. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.394923.
EndNote Aydoğan M, Demiryürek K (October 1, 2018) The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 33 3 216–225.
IEEE M. Aydoğan and K. Demiryürek, “The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province”, ANAJAS, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 216–225, 2018, doi: 10.7161/omuanajas.394923.
ISNAD Aydoğan, Mehmet - Demiryürek, Kürşat. “The Comparison of Social Networks Between Organic and Conventional Hazelnut Producers in Samsun Province”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 33/3 (October 2018), 216-225. https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.394923.
JAMA Aydoğan M, Demiryürek K. The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. ANAJAS. 2018;33:216–225.
MLA Aydoğan, Mehmet and Kürşat Demiryürek. “The Comparison of Social Networks Between Organic and Conventional Hazelnut Producers in Samsun Province”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 33, no. 3, 2018, pp. 216-25, doi:10.7161/omuanajas.394923.
Vancouver Aydoğan M, Demiryürek K. The comparison of social networks between organic and conventional hazelnut producers in Samsun province. ANAJAS. 2018;33(3):216-25.
Online ISSN: 1308-8769