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The Importance of Regulation in Food And Agricultural Markets

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 472 - 486, 25.12.2023

Özlem Eştürk Serkan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1332575

Abstract

The main purpose of economic policies are to ensure efficiency in resource allocation and to maximize social welfare. However, this situation might not possible in all cases and for every sector under free market economy conditions. In this context, an active intervention of the state in the markets might be required in order to ensure efficient and fair resource distribution, and to increase social welfare. Nowadays, the role assigned to the state was not to intervene directly in the markets, but to fulfill the regulatory functions by acting as an arbitrator due to domination of free market economy mechanism.
The regulation of food and agricultural markets by the state was needed in the from past to present, as in many other areas. The negativities and information deficiencies created by the market could be eliminated with the regulation of food and agricultural markets by the state. Therefore, there was a need for a foundation of systematic institutional structure by the state to prevent the market failure created by the free market economy. Thus, government regulations on food and agricultural markets had become essential in solving socio-economic problems and creating effective and favorable conditions for sustainable food security and social stability. In this context, the importance and necessity of establishment of a regulation and supervision institution for agriculture and food markets had been discussed.

Keywords

Food security regulation food markets

References

  • Adelman, I. (1984). Beyond export-led growth. World Development, 12(9), 937-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(84)90050-0
  • Aimin, H. (2010). Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and Risk Management in Agriculture. Hydrometallurgy, 1, 152-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2010.09.018
  • Amin, M. (2007). Labor Regulation and Employment in India's Retail Stores. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.07.001
  • Anonim. (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği Yetki Kanunu: 5996 Yayımlandığı R.Gazete: 29.12.2011-28157.
  • Ardıyok, Ş. (2002). Doğal Tekeller ve Düzenleyici Kurumlar, Türkiye İçin Düzenleyici Kurum Modeli. Rekabet Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Branstetter, L., Lima, F., Taylor, L. J. & Venâncio, A. (2014). Do Entry Regulations Deter Entrepreneurship and Job Creation? Evidence from Recent Reforms in Portugal. The Economic Journal, 124(577), 805-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12044
  • Bruhn, M. (2011). License to Sell: The Effect of Business Registration Reform on Entrepreneurial Activity in Mexico. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(1), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00059 %J
  • Byerlee, D., De Janvry, A. & Sadoulet, E. (2009). Agriculture for Development: Toward a New Paradigm. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 1(1), 15-31.
  • Chenery, H. B. & Syrquin, M. (1989). Patterns of Development, 1950 to 1983. Oxford University Press.
  • Christiaensen, L., Demery, L. & Kuhl, J. (2011). The (evolving) role of agriculture in poverty reduction—An empirical perspective. Journal of Development Economics, 96(2), 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.10.006
  • Clark, C. (1957). The Conditions of Economic Progress. Macmillan. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=oAnXwQEACAAJ
  • Demirözü, B. (2005). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Yeniden Yapılanan Gıda Otoritesi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi, 20, 33-37.
  • Diaz-Bonilla, E., Orden, D. & Kwieciński, A. (2014). Enabling Environment for Agricultural Growth and Competitiveness Evaluation, Indicators and Indices. Paris OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 67, OECD Publishing.
  • Divanbeigi, R., Paustian, N. & Loayza, N. (2016). Structural Transformation of ohe Agricultural Sector: A Primer. World Bank Research Policy Briefs, World Bank Policy Research Paper No.2.
  • Djankov, S., Freund, C. & Pham, C. (2010). Trading on Time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1), 166-173. FAO (2017). Dünyada Gıda Güvenliği ve Beslenme Durumu. Erişim adresi: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ABDGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu%C5%9Flar/SOFI_2017_TUR.pdf
  • Güvenek, B. (2009). Devletin Regülasyonlar Yoluyla Piyasalara Müdahalesi ve Türkiye Enerji Piyasaları. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(18), 45-62.
  • Hayami, Y. & Ruttan, V. W. (1985). Agricultural Development: An International Perspective, 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Henson, S. (2006). The Role of Public and Private Standards in Regulating International Food Markets. Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, 4(1), 63-81.
  • Hoekman, B. & Nicita, A. (2011). Trade Policy, Trade Costs, and Developing Country Trade. World Development, 39(12), 2069-2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.013
  • Hsieh, C. & Sadoulet, E. (2007). Agriculture and Development. Background Note for the World Development Report 2008. The World Bank.
  • Johnston, B. F. & Mellor, J. W. (1961). The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. The American Economic Review, 51(4), 566- 593. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1812786
  • Jurabaevich, S. N. & Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). Directions and Peculiarities of State Regulation of the Food Market. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 1(01), 1-8. https://reserchjet.academiascience.org/index.php/rjai/article/view/1
  • Knight, P. (2001, 15-16 Mart 2001). Rekabet Otoriteleri ile Regülasyon Kurumları Arasındaki İlişkiler Regülasyon ve Rekabet Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Kök, R. & Çoban, O. (2002, 11-14 Eylül 2002). KİT’lere İlişkin Bir Regülasyon Modelinin Gerekliliği ve Kaynak Kullanım Etkinliği Üzerine: Nevşehir Tekel Rakı Fabrikası Örneği ODTÜ VI. Uluslararası Ekonomi Konferansı (ERC), Ankara.
  • Kraay, A. (2006). When is growth pro-poor? Evidence from a panel of countries. Journal of Development Economics, 80(1), 198-227.
  • Kuznets, S. (1957). Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: II. Industrial Distribution of National Product and Labor Force. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 5(4), 1-111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151943
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
  • Lindert, P. H. (1991). Historical Patterns of Agricultural Policy. In C. P. Timmer (Ed.), Agriculture The State: Growth, Employment, Poverty in Developing Countries (pp. 29-83). Cornell University Press.
  • Loayza, N., Serven, L. & Sugawara, N. (2009). Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series.
  • Meier, K. J. & O'Toole Jr., L. J. (2002). Public management and organizational performance: The effect of managerial quality. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10078
  • Mellor, J. W. (1998). Agriculture on the Road to Industrialization. In C. K. Eicher & J. M. Staatz (Eds.), International Agricultural Development (pp. 136-154). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Nadvi, K. & Waeltring, F. (2004). Making sense of global standards. Local Enterprises in the Global Economy: Issues of Governance and Upgrading, 53-94. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843769743.00010
  • OECD. (1997). The OECD Report on Regulatory Reform. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264189751-en
  • Pillay, V. & Muliyil, V. (2005). ISO 22000 Food Safety Management Systems–The One Universal Food Safety Management System Standard That Works Across All Others. SGS Systems Certifications Services.
  • Ravallion, M. & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring Pro-poor Growth. Economics Letters, 78(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165- 1765(02)00205-7
  • Ren, Y. & An, Y. (2010). Efficient food safety regulation in the agro-food wholesale market. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 1, 344-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2010.09.043
  • Roberts, D. (1998). Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Trade Regulations. Journal of International Economic Law, 1(3), 377-405.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1964). Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Yale University Press.
  • Swinnen, J., Deconinck, K., Vandemoortele, T. & Vandeplas, A. (2015). Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development: Economic and Political Theory. Cambridge University Press.
  • Timmer, C. P. (1988). The Agricultural Transformation. Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 1 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
  • Timmer, C. P. (2009). A World without Agriculture? The Historical Paradox of Agricultural Development. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1, 1-7.
  • Tokatlioğlu, M., Selen, U. & Leba, R. (2018). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Tarımın Stratejik Önemi ve Tarımsal Arz Güvenliğinin Sağlanmasında Devletin Rolü. Journal of Life Economics, 5(4), 151-176. https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.267
  • Türkay, O. (2002). Mikroiktisat Teorisi. İmaj Yayıncılık. Ulusoy, A. (2001, 15-16 Mart 2001). Değerlendirmeler Regülasyon ve Rekabet Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Uzunoğlu, S., Alkin, K., Gürlesel, C. F. & Civelek, U. (2001). Tarım Kesiminde Yeniden Yapılanma: Yeni Destekleme Politikaları ve Ürün Borsalarının Organizasyonu. İstanbul Ticaret Odası. Yayın No.2000-52.
  • Visaria, S. (2009). Legal Reform and Loan Repayment: The Microeconomic Impact of Debt Recovery Tribunals in India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.59

Gıda ve Tarım Piyasalarında Regülasyonun Önemi

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 472 - 486, 25.12.2023

Özlem Eştürk Serkan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1332575

Abstract

İktisat politikalarının temel amacı kaynak dağılımında, etkinliğin sağlanması ve toplumsal refahın en yüksek seviyeye çıkarılmasıdır. Ancak bu durum, serbest piyasa ekonomisi koşullarında her zaman ve her sektör için çok mümkün görünmemektedir. Bu bağlamda, kaynak dağılımda etkinliğin ve adaletin sağlanmasında, toplumsal refahın yükseltilmesinde devletin piyasalara aktif müdahalesi gerekebilir. Serbest piyasa mekanizmasının hakim olduğu günümüzde devlete biçilen rol, devletin doğrudan piyasalara müdahalesi olmayıp hakemlik görevi üstlenerek regülasyon işlevlerini yerine getirmesidir.
Devletin piyasalara ilişkin regülasyon ihtiyacı, birçok alanda olduğu gibi geçmişten günümüze kadar gıda ve tarım piyasalarında da hissedilmiştir. Devlet tarafından gıda ve tarım piyasalarının düzenlenmesi ile piyasanın yaratacağı olumsuzlukların ve bilgi eksikliklerinin giderilmesi sağlanabilir. Bu kapsamda piyasa ekonomisinin yaratmış olduğu piyasa başarısızlığına karşı devlet tarafından oluşturulacak sistematik kurumsal bir yapıya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Böylelikle, sosyo-ekonomik sorunların çözümünde, sürdürülebilir gıda güvencesi ve sosyal istikrarın sağlanması için etkin ve elverişli koşullar yaratılmasında devletin gıda ve tarım piyasalarına ilişkin düzenlemeleri zaruri hale gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, tarım ve gıda piyasalarına yönelik düzenleme ve denetleme kurumunun oluşturulması yönünde regülasyonların önemi ve gerekliliği tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

gıda güvencesi regülasyon gıda piyasaları

References

  • Adelman, I. (1984). Beyond export-led growth. World Development, 12(9), 937-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(84)90050-0
  • Aimin, H. (2010). Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and Risk Management in Agriculture. Hydrometallurgy, 1, 152-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2010.09.018
  • Amin, M. (2007). Labor Regulation and Employment in India's Retail Stores. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.07.001
  • Anonim. (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği Yetki Kanunu: 5996 Yayımlandığı R.Gazete: 29.12.2011-28157.
  • Ardıyok, Ş. (2002). Doğal Tekeller ve Düzenleyici Kurumlar, Türkiye İçin Düzenleyici Kurum Modeli. Rekabet Kurumu Yayınları.
  • Branstetter, L., Lima, F., Taylor, L. J. & Venâncio, A. (2014). Do Entry Regulations Deter Entrepreneurship and Job Creation? Evidence from Recent Reforms in Portugal. The Economic Journal, 124(577), 805-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12044
  • Bruhn, M. (2011). License to Sell: The Effect of Business Registration Reform on Entrepreneurial Activity in Mexico. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(1), 382-386. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00059 %J
  • Byerlee, D., De Janvry, A. & Sadoulet, E. (2009). Agriculture for Development: Toward a New Paradigm. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 1(1), 15-31.
  • Chenery, H. B. & Syrquin, M. (1989). Patterns of Development, 1950 to 1983. Oxford University Press.
  • Christiaensen, L., Demery, L. & Kuhl, J. (2011). The (evolving) role of agriculture in poverty reduction—An empirical perspective. Journal of Development Economics, 96(2), 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.10.006
  • Clark, C. (1957). The Conditions of Economic Progress. Macmillan. https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=oAnXwQEACAAJ
  • Demirözü, B. (2005). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Yeniden Yapılanan Gıda Otoritesi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi, 20, 33-37.
  • Diaz-Bonilla, E., Orden, D. & Kwieciński, A. (2014). Enabling Environment for Agricultural Growth and Competitiveness Evaluation, Indicators and Indices. Paris OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, No. 67, OECD Publishing.
  • Divanbeigi, R., Paustian, N. & Loayza, N. (2016). Structural Transformation of ohe Agricultural Sector: A Primer. World Bank Research Policy Briefs, World Bank Policy Research Paper No.2.
  • Djankov, S., Freund, C. & Pham, C. (2010). Trading on Time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1), 166-173. FAO (2017). Dünyada Gıda Güvenliği ve Beslenme Durumu. Erişim adresi: https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/ABDGM/Belgeler/Uluslararas%C4%B1%20Kurulu%C5%9Flar/SOFI_2017_TUR.pdf
  • Güvenek, B. (2009). Devletin Regülasyonlar Yoluyla Piyasalara Müdahalesi ve Türkiye Enerji Piyasaları. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(18), 45-62.
  • Hayami, Y. & Ruttan, V. W. (1985). Agricultural Development: An International Perspective, 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Henson, S. (2006). The Role of Public and Private Standards in Regulating International Food Markets. Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, 4(1), 63-81.
  • Hoekman, B. & Nicita, A. (2011). Trade Policy, Trade Costs, and Developing Country Trade. World Development, 39(12), 2069-2079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.013
  • Hsieh, C. & Sadoulet, E. (2007). Agriculture and Development. Background Note for the World Development Report 2008. The World Bank.
  • Johnston, B. F. & Mellor, J. W. (1961). The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. The American Economic Review, 51(4), 566- 593. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1812786
  • Jurabaevich, S. N. & Bulturbayevich, M. B. (2020). Directions and Peculiarities of State Regulation of the Food Market. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 1(01), 1-8. https://reserchjet.academiascience.org/index.php/rjai/article/view/1
  • Knight, P. (2001, 15-16 Mart 2001). Rekabet Otoriteleri ile Regülasyon Kurumları Arasındaki İlişkiler Regülasyon ve Rekabet Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Kök, R. & Çoban, O. (2002, 11-14 Eylül 2002). KİT’lere İlişkin Bir Regülasyon Modelinin Gerekliliği ve Kaynak Kullanım Etkinliği Üzerine: Nevşehir Tekel Rakı Fabrikası Örneği ODTÜ VI. Uluslararası Ekonomi Konferansı (ERC), Ankara.
  • Kraay, A. (2006). When is growth pro-poor? Evidence from a panel of countries. Journal of Development Economics, 80(1), 198-227.
  • Kuznets, S. (1957). Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations: II. Industrial Distribution of National Product and Labor Force. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 5(4), 1-111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1151943
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1954.tb00021.x
  • Lindert, P. H. (1991). Historical Patterns of Agricultural Policy. In C. P. Timmer (Ed.), Agriculture The State: Growth, Employment, Poverty in Developing Countries (pp. 29-83). Cornell University Press.
  • Loayza, N., Serven, L. & Sugawara, N. (2009). Informality in Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper Series.
  • Meier, K. J. & O'Toole Jr., L. J. (2002). Public management and organizational performance: The effect of managerial quality. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 21(4), 629-643. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.10078
  • Mellor, J. W. (1998). Agriculture on the Road to Industrialization. In C. K. Eicher & J. M. Staatz (Eds.), International Agricultural Development (pp. 136-154). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Nadvi, K. & Waeltring, F. (2004). Making sense of global standards. Local Enterprises in the Global Economy: Issues of Governance and Upgrading, 53-94. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781843769743.00010
  • OECD. (1997). The OECD Report on Regulatory Reform. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264189751-en
  • Pillay, V. & Muliyil, V. (2005). ISO 22000 Food Safety Management Systems–The One Universal Food Safety Management System Standard That Works Across All Others. SGS Systems Certifications Services.
  • Ravallion, M. & Chen, S. (2003). Measuring Pro-poor Growth. Economics Letters, 78(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165- 1765(02)00205-7
  • Ren, Y. & An, Y. (2010). Efficient food safety regulation in the agro-food wholesale market. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 1, 344-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2010.09.043
  • Roberts, D. (1998). Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Trade Regulations. Journal of International Economic Law, 1(3), 377-405.
  • Schultz, T. W. (1964). Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Yale University Press.
  • Swinnen, J., Deconinck, K., Vandemoortele, T. & Vandeplas, A. (2015). Quality Standards, Value Chains, and International Development: Economic and Political Theory. Cambridge University Press.
  • Timmer, C. P. (1988). The Agricultural Transformation. Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 1 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
  • Timmer, C. P. (2009). A World without Agriculture? The Historical Paradox of Agricultural Development. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1, 1-7.
  • Tokatlioğlu, M., Selen, U. & Leba, R. (2018). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Tarımın Stratejik Önemi ve Tarımsal Arz Güvenliğinin Sağlanmasında Devletin Rolü. Journal of Life Economics, 5(4), 151-176. https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.267
  • Türkay, O. (2002). Mikroiktisat Teorisi. İmaj Yayıncılık. Ulusoy, A. (2001, 15-16 Mart 2001). Değerlendirmeler Regülasyon ve Rekabet Sempozyumu, Ankara.
  • Uzunoğlu, S., Alkin, K., Gürlesel, C. F. & Civelek, U. (2001). Tarım Kesiminde Yeniden Yapılanma: Yeni Destekleme Politikaları ve Ürün Borsalarının Organizasyonu. İstanbul Ticaret Odası. Yayın No.2000-52.
  • Visaria, S. (2009). Legal Reform and Loan Repayment: The Microeconomic Impact of Debt Recovery Tribunals in India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.59
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Özlem Eştürk 0000-0003-4324-0912

Serkan Kaya 0000-0002-9456-2498

Publication Date December 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eştürk, Ö., & Kaya, S. (2023). Gıda ve Tarım Piyasalarında Regülasyonun Önemi. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 7(2), 472-486. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1332575
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