Research Article
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An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 820 - 828, 31.08.2022

Muazzez Gürgan Eser Sevinc Adiloglu

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the correlation of plant nutrient elements with the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Thymus vulgaris L. grown on soil from the experimental field without application of fertilizers or pesticides on two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The extract of thyme was obtained by maceration of aerial parts of the plant using methanol as the solvent. The contents of macro (P, K, Ca, and Mg) and micro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) nutrients were detected by ICP-OES. The results showed that the macro nutrients were compatible with herbaceous perennial plants, while Fe, Mn and B micro nutrients were high. The methanol extract was significantly effective on inhibiting P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecalis, while did not inhibit E. coli. The correlation of K and Mg was significantly positive with the growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa suggesting that higher K and Mg contents of the plant would result in higher antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, most probably up to a point. On the other hand, significant positive correlation of B was found with the inhibition of both Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, the positive correlation of Ca with the growth inhibition of S. aureus was highly significant. The importance of nutrient contents in medicinal aromatic plants such as thyme was shown with this study. The results therefore imply the conscious and sustainable agriculture of medicinal aromatic plants is crucial for the antibacterial activity of thyme.

Keywords

Thymus vulgaris L. antibacterial activity macro and micro nutrient elements correlation

Supporting Institution

None

References

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  • [9] B. Galambosi, C. Rey, J. F. Vouillamoz, “Suitability of Swiss herb cultivars under Finnish climatic conditions,” Acta Horticulturae, vol. 860, pp. 173–180, 2010.
  • [10] F. López-Granados, M. Jurado-Expósito, S. Atenciano, A. García-Ferrer, M. Sánchez De La Orden, L. García-Torres, “Spatial variability of agricultural soil parameters in southern Spain,” Plant and Soil, vol. 246, no. 1, pp. 97–105, 2002.
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  • [12] M. Gürgan, S. Adiloğlu, “Increasing concentrations of iron fertilizer affect antibacterial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.),” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 170, p. 113768, 2021.
  • [13] M. Gürgan Eser, S. Adiloğlu, “The correlation of some nutrient elements and antibacterial activity of the basil (Ocimum basilicum),” Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 381–391, 2020.
  • [14] S. Adiloğlu, “Relation of chelated iron (EDDHA-Fe) applications with iron accumulation and some plant nutrient elements in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.),” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 30 no. 4, pp. 1-9, 2021.
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  • [17] A. Adiloglu, S. Adiloglu, “The investigation of some available trace element contents of acid soils in Turkey,” Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2003.
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  • [20] A. Mai-Prochnow, M. Clauson, J. Hong, A. B. Murphy, “Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016.
  • [21] G. M. S. Soares, L. C. Figueiredo, M. Faveri, S. C. Cortelli, P. M. Duarte, M. Feres, “Mechanisms of action of systemic antibiotics used in periodontal treatment and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these drugs,” Journal of Applied Oral Science, vol. 20, no. 3., pp. 295–305, 2012.
  • [22] H. I. Zgurskaya, C. A. López, S. Gnanakaran, “Permeability barrier of Gram-negative cell envelopes and approaches to bypass it,” ACS Infectious Diseases, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 512–522, 2016.
  • [23] Z. Nalbantbaşi, A. Gölcü, “Kahramanmaraş Yöresine Ait Şifalı Bitkilerin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Antimicrobial Activities Of Medical Plants That Belong to Kahramanmaras Region,” 2009.
  • [24] M. Benli, N. Yiğit, “Ülkemizde Yaygın Kullanımı Olan Kekik (Thymus vulgaris) Bitkisinin Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi,” Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 1–8, 2005.
  • [25] I. Kaya, N. Yigit, M. Benli, “Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum l. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 363, 2008.
  • [26] K. J. Thomas, C. V. Rice, “Revised model of calcium and magnesium binding to the bacterial cell wall,” BioMetals, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1361–1370, 2014.
  • [27] Y. Xie, L. Yang, “Calcium and magnesium ions are membrane-active against stationary-phase Staphylococcus aureus with high specificity,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 20628, pp. 1–8, Feb. 2016.
  • [28] B. Poorabbas J. Mardaneh, Z. Rezaei, M. Kalani, G. Pouladfar, M. H. Alami, J. Soltani, A. Shamsi-Zadeh, S. Abdoli-Oskooi, M. J. Saffar, A. Alborzi “Nosocomial Infections: Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative rods isolated from blood and other sterile body fluids in Iran” Iranian journal of microbiology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 127–35, 2015.
  • [29] Z. Sayin, U. S. Ucan, A. Sakmanoglu, “Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of boron on different bacteria,” Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 241–246, 2016.
  • [30] V. Hernandez, T. Crépin, A. Palencia, S. Cusack, T. Akama, S.J. Baker, W. Bu, L. Feng, Y.R. Freund, L. Liu, M. Meewan “Discovery of a novel class of boron-based antibacterials with activity against gram-negative bacteria,” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1394–1403, 2013.
  • [31] H. Mulcahy, S. Lewenza, “Magnesium Limitation Is an Environmental Trigger of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Lifestyle,” PLOS ONE, vol. 6, no. 8, p. e23307, 2011.
  • [32] T. Guina, M. Wu, S.I. Miller, S.O. Purvine, E.C. Yi, J. Eng, D.R. Goodlett, R. Aebersold, R.K. Ernst, K.A Lee, “Proteomic analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under magnesium limitation” J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 742–751, 2003.
  • [33] W. Wu, Y. Jin, F. Bai, S. Jin, “Pseudomonas aeruginosa,” in Molecular Medical Microbiology, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 753–767.
  • [34] C. S. Lindestam Arlehamn, V. Pétrilli, O. Gross, J. Tschopp, T. J. Evans, “The role of potassium in inflammasome activation by bacteria,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 285, no. 14, pp. 10508–10518, 2010.

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 820 - 828, 31.08.2022

Muazzez Gürgan Eser Sevinc Adiloglu

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059

Abstract

References

  • [1] A. Tan, “Plant Genetic Resources and Conservation in Turkey ,” Anadolu, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 7–25, 2010.
  • [2] M. Dönmez, M. Kargıoğlu, M. Temel, “Stachys palustris L.’in Morfolojik, Anatomik ve Ekolojik Özellikleri” Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, vol. 11, pp. 1-9, 2011.
  • [3] TUIK, “Turkish Statistical Institute,” 2022. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&lo (accessed Apr. 03, 2022).
  • [4] M. Ashrafi, M. Reza, A. Moqadam, P. Moradi, F. Shekari, E. Mohsenifard, “Identification of Drought Tolerant and Sensitive Species of Thyme through Some Physiological Criteria,” International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 53–63, 2018.
  • [5] Ç. Bozdemir, “Türkiye’de Yetişen Kekik Türleri, Ekonomik Önemi ve Kullanım Alanları,” Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 583–594, 2019.
  • [6] A. Komaki, F. Hoseini, S. Shahidi, N. Baharlouei, “Study of the effect of extract of Thymus vulgaris on anxiety in male rats,” Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 257–261, Jul. 2016.
  • [7] S. Belgüzar, M. Yılar, Y. Yanar, İ. Kadıoğlu, G. Doğar. "Antibacterial activities of Thymus vulgaris L.(Thyme) extract and essential oil againt Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis." Turkish Journal of Weed Science vol. 19, no. 2 pp. 20-27, 2016.
  • [8] C. Beni, L. Casorri, E. Masciarelli, B. Ficociello, O. Masetti, U. Neri, R. Aromolo, S. Rinaldi, P. Papetti, A. Cichelli. "Characterization of thyme and tansy extracts used as basic substances in zucchini crop protection." Journal of Agricultural Studies vol. 8, pp. 95-110, 2020.
  • [9] B. Galambosi, C. Rey, J. F. Vouillamoz, “Suitability of Swiss herb cultivars under Finnish climatic conditions,” Acta Horticulturae, vol. 860, pp. 173–180, 2010.
  • [10] F. López-Granados, M. Jurado-Expósito, S. Atenciano, A. García-Ferrer, M. Sánchez De La Orden, L. García-Torres, “Spatial variability of agricultural soil parameters in southern Spain,” Plant and Soil, vol. 246, no. 1, pp. 97–105, 2002.
  • [11] T. Rütting, H. Aronsson, S. Delin, “Efficient use of nitrogen in agriculture,” Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2018.
  • [12] M. Gürgan, S. Adiloğlu, “Increasing concentrations of iron fertilizer affect antibacterial activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.),” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 170, p. 113768, 2021.
  • [13] M. Gürgan Eser, S. Adiloğlu, “The correlation of some nutrient elements and antibacterial activity of the basil (Ocimum basilicum),” Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 381–391, 2020.
  • [14] S. Adiloğlu, “Relation of chelated iron (EDDHA-Fe) applications with iron accumulation and some plant nutrient elements in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.),” Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 30 no. 4, pp. 1-9, 2021.
  • [15] Mills H. A., Jones J. B. Jr, Plant Analysis Handbook II: A practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide. MicroMacro Publishing, 1996.
  • [16] M. L. Guerinot, Yi Ying, “Iron: Nutritious, noxious, and not readily available,” Plant Physiology, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 815–820, 1994.
  • [17] A. Adiloglu, S. Adiloglu, “The investigation of some available trace element contents of acid soils in Turkey,” Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2003.
  • [18] B. Kacar, V. Katkat, Bitki Besleme (Plant Nutrition), vol. 1. Bursa: U. Ü. Güçlendirme Vakfı, 1998.
  • [19] C. Helvacı, “Borate deposits: An overview and future forecast with regard to mineral deposits,” Journal of Boron, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 59–70, 2017.
  • [20] A. Mai-Prochnow, M. Clauson, J. Hong, A. B. Murphy, “Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016.
  • [21] G. M. S. Soares, L. C. Figueiredo, M. Faveri, S. C. Cortelli, P. M. Duarte, M. Feres, “Mechanisms of action of systemic antibiotics used in periodontal treatment and mechanisms of bacterial resistance to these drugs,” Journal of Applied Oral Science, vol. 20, no. 3., pp. 295–305, 2012.
  • [22] H. I. Zgurskaya, C. A. López, S. Gnanakaran, “Permeability barrier of Gram-negative cell envelopes and approaches to bypass it,” ACS Infectious Diseases, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 512–522, 2016.
  • [23] Z. Nalbantbaşi, A. Gölcü, “Kahramanmaraş Yöresine Ait Şifalı Bitkilerin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Antimicrobial Activities Of Medical Plants That Belong to Kahramanmaras Region,” 2009.
  • [24] M. Benli, N. Yiğit, “Ülkemizde Yaygın Kullanımı Olan Kekik (Thymus vulgaris) Bitkisinin Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi,” Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 1–8, 2005.
  • [25] I. Kaya, N. Yigit, M. Benli, “Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum l. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 363, 2008.
  • [26] K. J. Thomas, C. V. Rice, “Revised model of calcium and magnesium binding to the bacterial cell wall,” BioMetals, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1361–1370, 2014.
  • [27] Y. Xie, L. Yang, “Calcium and magnesium ions are membrane-active against stationary-phase Staphylococcus aureus with high specificity,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, no. 20628, pp. 1–8, Feb. 2016.
  • [28] B. Poorabbas J. Mardaneh, Z. Rezaei, M. Kalani, G. Pouladfar, M. H. Alami, J. Soltani, A. Shamsi-Zadeh, S. Abdoli-Oskooi, M. J. Saffar, A. Alborzi “Nosocomial Infections: Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative rods isolated from blood and other sterile body fluids in Iran” Iranian journal of microbiology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 127–35, 2015.
  • [29] Z. Sayin, U. S. Ucan, A. Sakmanoglu, “Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of boron on different bacteria,” Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 173, no. 1, pp. 241–246, 2016.
  • [30] V. Hernandez, T. Crépin, A. Palencia, S. Cusack, T. Akama, S.J. Baker, W. Bu, L. Feng, Y.R. Freund, L. Liu, M. Meewan “Discovery of a novel class of boron-based antibacterials with activity against gram-negative bacteria,” Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1394–1403, 2013.
  • [31] H. Mulcahy, S. Lewenza, “Magnesium Limitation Is an Environmental Trigger of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Lifestyle,” PLOS ONE, vol. 6, no. 8, p. e23307, 2011.
  • [32] T. Guina, M. Wu, S.I. Miller, S.O. Purvine, E.C. Yi, J. Eng, D.R. Goodlett, R. Aebersold, R.K. Ernst, K.A Lee, “Proteomic analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under magnesium limitation” J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 742–751, 2003.
  • [33] W. Wu, Y. Jin, F. Bai, S. Jin, “Pseudomonas aeruginosa,” in Molecular Medical Microbiology, Elsevier, 2015, pp. 753–767.
  • [34] C. S. Lindestam Arlehamn, V. Pétrilli, O. Gross, J. Tschopp, T. J. Evans, “The role of potassium in inflammasome activation by bacteria,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 285, no. 14, pp. 10508–10518, 2010.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muazzez Gürgan Eser 0000-0002-2966-1510

Sevinc Adiloglu 0000-0002-0062-0491

Publication Date August 31, 2022
Submission Date April 29, 2022
Acceptance Date June 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gürgan Eser, M., & Adiloglu, S. (2022). An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 26(4), 820-828. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059
AMA Gürgan Eser M, Adiloglu S. An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements. SAUJS. August 2022;26(4):820-828. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059
Chicago Gürgan Eser, Muazzez, and Sevinc Adiloglu. “An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) With Its Nutrient Elements”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26, no. 4 (August 2022): 820-28. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059.
EndNote Gürgan Eser M, Adiloglu S (August 1, 2022) An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26 4 820–828.
IEEE M. Gürgan Eser and S. Adiloglu, “An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements”, SAUJS, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 820–828, 2022, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059.
ISNAD Gürgan Eser, Muazzez - Adiloglu, Sevinc. “An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) With Its Nutrient Elements”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26/4 (August 2022), 820-828. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059.
JAMA Gürgan Eser M, Adiloglu S. An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements. SAUJS. 2022;26:820–828.
MLA Gürgan Eser, Muazzez and Sevinc Adiloglu. “An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus Vulgaris L.) With Its Nutrient Elements”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 4, 2022, pp. 820-8, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1111059.
Vancouver Gürgan Eser M, Adiloglu S. An Investigation of the Correlation of Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) with its Nutrient Elements. SAUJS. 2022;26(4):820-8.
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