Research Article
Year 2017,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 131 - 137, 30.09.2017
Abstract
References
- 1. Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Schmitz FJ, Smayevsky J, Bell J, Jones RN, et al. Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(Suppl. 2):114-32.
- 2. Wielders CLC, Fluit AC, Brisse S, Verhoef J, and Schmitz FJ. mecA Gene Is Widely Disseminated in Staphylococcus aureus Population. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40(11):3970-75.
- 3. Seah C, Alexander DC, Louie L, Simor A, Low DE, Longtin J, and Melanoa, RG. MupB, a New High-Level mupirocin Resistance Mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(4):1916-20.
- 4. Simor AE, Stuart TL, Louie L, Watt C, Ofner-Agostini M, Gravel D, et al.and the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Mupirocin-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Canadian Hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51(11):3880-86.
- 5. Lim KT, Ju Tehb CS, Mohd Yusof MY, and Thong KL. Mutations in rpoB and fusA cause resistance to rifampicin and fusidic acid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014;108(2):112-18.
- 6. Chen HJ, Hung WC, Tseng SP, Tsai JC, Hsueh PR, and Teng LJ. Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(12):4985-91.
- 7. McLaws FB, Larsen AR., Skov RL, Chopra I, and O’Neill AJ, Distribution of Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(3):1173-76.
- 8. Chen CM, Huang M, Chen HF, Ke SC, Li CR, Wang JH et al. Wu LT. Fusidic acid resistance among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Taiwanese hospital. BMC microbiol 2011;11:98.
- 9. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. Clinical and laboratory standards Institute (CLSI) 2015;35(3):M100-S25.
- 10. Strommenger B, Kettlitz C, Werner G, and Witte W. Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Nine Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2003:41(9):4089-94.
- 11. O'Neill AJ, Bostock JM, Moita AM, Chopra I. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of resistance to cephalosporin P1, an antibiotic related to fusidic acid. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50(6):839-48.
- 12. O’Neill AJ, Larsen AR, Henriksen AS, and Chopra I. A Fusidic Acid-Resistant Epidemic Strain of Staphylococcus aureus Carries the fusB Determinant, whereas fusA Mutations Are Prevalent in Other Resistant Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(9):3594-97.
- 13. Castanheira M, Watters AA, Mendes RE, Farrell DJ, and Jones RN. Occurrence and molecular characterization of fusidic acid resistance mechanisms among Staphylococcus spp. from European countries (2008). J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65(7):1353-58.
- 14. Nunes EL, Dos Santos, KR, Mondino PJ, Bastos Mdo C, Giambiagi-de Marval M. Detection of ileS-2 gene encoding mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;34(2):77-81.
- 15. Sajith Khan AK, Shetty PJ, Sarayu Y L, Chidambaram A, Ranganathan R. Detection of mecA genes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Int J Health Rehabil Sci 2012;1(2):64-68.
- 16. Demir T, Coplu N, Esen B. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic detection of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2016;59(3):314-17.
- 17. Pe´Rez-Roth E, Claverie-Martin F, Villar J, and Me´Ndez-A ´Lvarez S.Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Identification identifiation of Staphylococcus aureus and Detection of Methicillin and Mupirocin Resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39(11):4037-41.
- 18. Salisbury SM, Sabatini LM, and Spiegel CA. Identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;107(3):368-73.
- 19. Anthony RM, Connor AM, Power EGM, and French GL. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of high-level Mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18(1):30-34.
- 20. Schmitz FJ, Mackenzie CR, Hofmann B, Verhoef J, Finken-Eigen M, Heinz HP, et al. Specific information concerning taxonomy, pathogenicity and methicillin resistance of staphylococci obtained by multiplex PCR. J Med Microbiol 1997;46(9):773-78.
- 21. Gomaa NIM, and Younes S. Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Species Identification and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococci Isolates. Egypt J Med Microbiol 2006;15(4):763-72.
- 22. Kumurya AS, Gwarzo MY, Uba A. One Step PCR for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Specific Sequence Gene and mecA Gene. International Journal of Advanced Materials Research 2015;1(3):73-79.
- 23. Pournajaf A, Ardebili A, Ghaemi EA Omidi S, Borhani K, Khodabandeh M, et al. Identification of Clinical Methicillin and Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Multiplex-PCR. J Med Bacteriol 2014;3(1, 2):52-59.
- 24. Dardi KD. Mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a tertiary care rural hospital. Int J Adv Med Health Res 2014;1(2):52-56.
- 25. Upton A, Lang S, Hefferman H. Mupirocin and Staphylococcus aureus: A recent paradigm of emerging antibiotic resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:613-617.
- 26. Orrett FA. The emergence of mupirocin resistance among clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Trinidad: A first report. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008;61:107-10.
- 27. Anthony RM, Connor AM, Power EGM, French GL. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18(1):30-34.
- 28. Lannergård J, Norstrom T, and Hughes D. Genetic determinants of resistance to fusidic acid among clinical bacteremia isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(5):2059-65.
- 29. Besier S, Ludwig A, Brade V, Wichelhaus TA. Molecular analysis of fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2003;47(2):463-9.
- 30. Liu Y, Geng W, Yang Y, Wang C, Zheng, Y, Shang Y, et al. Susceptibility to and resistance determinants of fusidic acid in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children with skin and soft tissue infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2012;64(2):212-8.
Farklı Klinik Örneklerden İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus İzolatlarında Metisilin, Yüksek Düzey Mupirosin ve Fusidik Asit Direncinin Fenotipik ve Genotipik Olarak Araştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, S.aureus izolatlarının metisilin, yüksek düzey mupirosin ve
fusidik asite karşı antibiyotik direnç
özelliklerinin fenotipik ve genotipik olarak açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metod: Antibiyotik
direnç özelliği bilinmeyen 100 farklı Staphylococcus.aureus (S.aureus) izolatı klinik örneklerden saflaştırılmış ve bu izolatların metisilin,
yüksek düzey mupirosin ve fusidik asit antbiyotik direnci ve
plazmit içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Metisilin, yüksek düzey mupirosin ve fusidik
asit duyarlılıkları phoenix sistemi
ile belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Metisilin direnç
özelliği 30 µg sefoksitin diski
kullanılarak disk difüzyon yöntemi ile de araştırılmıştır. İzolatlardaki antibiyotik
direnç özelliği ile ilgili mecA,
ileS-2, fusA, fusB ve fusC genlerinin varlığı ise PCR amplifikasyonu ile
araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Disk
difüzyon ve phoenix analiz sonuçlarına göre tanımlanan S. aureus izolatlarınının sefoksitin
direnci %19 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Phoenix
otomotize sistem ile yüksek düzey mupirosin ve fusidik asit direnci
tespit edilmemiştir. Moleküler analiz sonuçlarına göre ise mecA, fusA ve fusC genlerinin
izolatlardaki frekansı sırası ile %19, %98 ve %1 olarak belirlenmiş fakat ileS-2 ve fusB genleri amplifiye edilmemiştir. Antibiyotik direnç ve plazmit
varlığı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için izolatların plazmit varlığı belirlenmiş
ve izolatların %79’unun farklı sayılarda plazmit içerdiği tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Fenotipik
ve genotipik yöntemle elde edilenlere sonuçlar benzerlik göstermesine karşın
benzer olmayan bazı sonuçları da içermektedir. Stafilokok enfeksiyonlarının
tedavisinde, antibiyotik direnç genlerinin doğru ve hızlı bir şekilde teşhisi,
enfeksiyonların yayılmasının önlenmesinde çok önemlidir. Antibiyotik direncinin
doğru saptanması için fenotipik yöntemler ile birlikte PCR bazlı moleküler yöntemler
de tercih edilmelidir.
References
- 1. Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Schmitz FJ, Smayevsky J, Bell J, Jones RN, et al. Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(Suppl. 2):114-32.
- 2. Wielders CLC, Fluit AC, Brisse S, Verhoef J, and Schmitz FJ. mecA Gene Is Widely Disseminated in Staphylococcus aureus Population. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40(11):3970-75.
- 3. Seah C, Alexander DC, Louie L, Simor A, Low DE, Longtin J, and Melanoa, RG. MupB, a New High-Level mupirocin Resistance Mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(4):1916-20.
- 4. Simor AE, Stuart TL, Louie L, Watt C, Ofner-Agostini M, Gravel D, et al.and the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Mupirocin-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Canadian Hospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007;51(11):3880-86.
- 5. Lim KT, Ju Tehb CS, Mohd Yusof MY, and Thong KL. Mutations in rpoB and fusA cause resistance to rifampicin and fusidic acid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014;108(2):112-18.
- 6. Chen HJ, Hung WC, Tseng SP, Tsai JC, Hsueh PR, and Teng LJ. Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54(12):4985-91.
- 7. McLaws FB, Larsen AR., Skov RL, Chopra I, and O’Neill AJ, Distribution of Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(3):1173-76.
- 8. Chen CM, Huang M, Chen HF, Ke SC, Li CR, Wang JH et al. Wu LT. Fusidic acid resistance among clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Taiwanese hospital. BMC microbiol 2011;11:98.
- 9. CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement. Clinical and laboratory standards Institute (CLSI) 2015;35(3):M100-S25.
- 10. Strommenger B, Kettlitz C, Werner G, and Witte W. Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Nine Clinically Relevant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 2003:41(9):4089-94.
- 11. O'Neill AJ, Bostock JM, Moita AM, Chopra I. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of resistance to cephalosporin P1, an antibiotic related to fusidic acid. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;50(6):839-48.
- 12. O’Neill AJ, Larsen AR, Henriksen AS, and Chopra I. A Fusidic Acid-Resistant Epidemic Strain of Staphylococcus aureus Carries the fusB Determinant, whereas fusA Mutations Are Prevalent in Other Resistant Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48(9):3594-97.
- 13. Castanheira M, Watters AA, Mendes RE, Farrell DJ, and Jones RN. Occurrence and molecular characterization of fusidic acid resistance mechanisms among Staphylococcus spp. from European countries (2008). J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65(7):1353-58.
- 14. Nunes EL, Dos Santos, KR, Mondino PJ, Bastos Mdo C, Giambiagi-de Marval M. Detection of ileS-2 gene encoding mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by multiplex PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;34(2):77-81.
- 15. Sajith Khan AK, Shetty PJ, Sarayu Y L, Chidambaram A, Ranganathan R. Detection of mecA genes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Int J Health Rehabil Sci 2012;1(2):64-68.
- 16. Demir T, Coplu N, Esen B. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic detection of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2016;59(3):314-17.
- 17. Pe´Rez-Roth E, Claverie-Martin F, Villar J, and Me´Ndez-A ´Lvarez S.Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Identification identifiation of Staphylococcus aureus and Detection of Methicillin and Mupirocin Resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39(11):4037-41.
- 18. Salisbury SM, Sabatini LM, and Spiegel CA. Identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Am J Clin Pathol 1996;107(3):368-73.
- 19. Anthony RM, Connor AM, Power EGM, and French GL. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of high-level Mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18(1):30-34.
- 20. Schmitz FJ, Mackenzie CR, Hofmann B, Verhoef J, Finken-Eigen M, Heinz HP, et al. Specific information concerning taxonomy, pathogenicity and methicillin resistance of staphylococci obtained by multiplex PCR. J Med Microbiol 1997;46(9):773-78.
- 21. Gomaa NIM, and Younes S. Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Species Identification and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Staphylococci Isolates. Egypt J Med Microbiol 2006;15(4):763-72.
- 22. Kumurya AS, Gwarzo MY, Uba A. One Step PCR for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Specific Sequence Gene and mecA Gene. International Journal of Advanced Materials Research 2015;1(3):73-79.
- 23. Pournajaf A, Ardebili A, Ghaemi EA Omidi S, Borhani K, Khodabandeh M, et al. Identification of Clinical Methicillin and Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Multiplex-PCR. J Med Bacteriol 2014;3(1, 2):52-59.
- 24. Dardi KD. Mupirocin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a tertiary care rural hospital. Int J Adv Med Health Res 2014;1(2):52-56.
- 25. Upton A, Lang S, Hefferman H. Mupirocin and Staphylococcus aureus: A recent paradigm of emerging antibiotic resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:613-617.
- 26. Orrett FA. The emergence of mupirocin resistance among clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Trinidad: A first report. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008;61:107-10.
- 27. Anthony RM, Connor AM, Power EGM, French GL. Use of the polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of high-level mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18(1):30-34.
- 28. Lannergård J, Norstrom T, and Hughes D. Genetic determinants of resistance to fusidic acid among clinical bacteremia isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53(5):2059-65.
- 29. Besier S, Ludwig A, Brade V, Wichelhaus TA. Molecular analysis of fusidic acid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2003;47(2):463-9.
- 30. Liu Y, Geng W, Yang Y, Wang C, Zheng, Y, Shang Y, et al. Susceptibility to and resistance determinants of fusidic acid in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children with skin and soft tissue infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2012;64(2):212-8.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2017 |
| Submission Date | July 3, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
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