Research Article
Türkiye ve Kırgızistan’dan elde edilen entomopatojen nematodların fasulye tohum böceği [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)]’ne karşı etkinliklerinin araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye ve Kırgızistan’a ait Entomopatojen nematod (EPN) izolatlarından Heterorhabditis bacteriophora türüne ait iki (11KG ve TOK20) ve Steinernema feltiae türüne ait iki (3KG ve Tokat-Emir) izolatın, depolanmış fasulye zararlısı olan fasulye tohum böceği (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Coleoptera: Bruchidae)’ne karşı etkinliği ortaya konmuştur. Tek doz denemeleri, en yüksek etkiyi S. feltiae’nin her 2 izolatı (3KG ve Tokat-Emir) göstermiştir (%99.59). 3 farklı doz (25, 50 ve 100 IJ böcek-1) ve sıcaklıkta (10, 15 ve 20°C) yürütülen deneme sonucunda en etkili izolatın 10°C’de 100 IJ dozunda H. bacteriophora TOK20 izolatı (%73,09), 15°C’de 100 IJ dozunda S. feltiae 3KG izolatı (%100) ve 20°C’de 100 IJ dozunda S. feltiae 3KG izolatı (%100) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doz-ölüm denemeleri sonucunda; A. obtectus’a karşı S. feltiae 3KG izolatının 500 IJ böcek-1 konsantrasyonunda en yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Keywords
Fasulye Entomopatojen nematod Heterorhabditis Steinerma Fasulye tohum böceği Acanthoscelides obtectus
Supporting Institution
Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, TOKAT
Thanks
Bu çalışma Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı (TOKAT)’nda yüksek lisans tezi olarak yürütülmüş ve 19. 08. 2020 tarihinde kabul edilmiştir.
References
- Abbott W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
- Alcazar, J., M., Cervantes & K.V. Raman 1992. Caracterización y patogenicidad de un virus granulosis de la polilla de la papa Phthorimaea operculella. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 35: 107-111.
- Atay, T., N, Güleç, K. Kara, A. Tülek & İ. Kepenekci 2015. Efficacy of three entomopathogenic nematodes against bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Coleoptera Bruchidae adults, 5th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium, Ankara, 108.
- Atay, T. & İ. Kepenekci, 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26: 7-10.
- BenSalah, H. & R. Aalbu, 1992. Field use of granulosis virus to reduce initial storage infestation of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), in North Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 38: 119-126. Canhilal, R., M. İmren, H. Toktay, R. Bozbuğa, R., Çetintaş, H., Kütük, Y.E. Özdemir & S. Doğan 2014. Adana ve Kahramanmaraş illerinde entomoaptojen nematodların belirlenmesi, Türkiye V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, Antalya, 350.
- Das, G.P., E.D. Magallona & K.V. Raman, 1992. Effects of different components of IPM in the management of the potato tuber moth, in storage. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 41: 321-325.
- Deacon, J.W. 1983. Microbial control of pests an diseases, Van Nastrand Reinhold (UK) Co. Ltd., pp. 31-41.
- Gouge, D.H., L.L. Lee & T.J. Henneberry 1999. Effect of temperature Lepidopteran host species on entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) infection. Environmental Entomology, 28: 876-883.
- Gözel, Ç. 2016. Domates Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’nin Mücadelesinde Entomopatojen Nematodların Kullanım Olanakları. Doktora Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale, 104 sayfa.
- Gözel, Ç., A. Kasap & U. Gözel, 2020. Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Larvae of Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi), 26: 220-225.
- Grewal, P.S., E.E. Lewis, R. Gaugler & J.F., Campbell 1994a. Host finding behavior as a pedictor of foraging strategy in entomopathogenic nematodes. Parasitology, 108: 207-215.
- Grewal, P.S., S. Selvan & R. Gaugler 1994b. Thermal adaptation of entomopathogenic nematodes: niche breadth for infection, establishment, and reproduction. Journal of Thermal Biology, 19: 245-253.
- Haydak, M.H. 1936. A food for rearing laboratory insect. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29: 1026.
- Hazır, S., S.P. Stock & N. Keskin 2003. A new entomopathogenic species Steinernema anatoliense (Steinernematidae) from Turkey. Systematic Parasitology, 55: 211-220.
- Kaya, H.K. 1990. Soil ecology. (Editors: R. Gaugler and H.K. Kaya, Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control). CRC Press, Boca Raton Ann Arbor Boston, 93-115.
- Keasar, T., A. Kalish, O. Becher & S. Steinberg, 2005. Spatial and temporal dynamics of potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infestation in field-stored. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98: 222-228.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2004. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes to Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Russian Journal of Nematology, 12: 157-160.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I), Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II)]. Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi Yayın No: 3, LIV+1155 sayfa.
- Kepenekci, İ., A. Tülek, M. Alkan & S. Hazır 2013. Biological control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes against the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae in Turkey, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45: 1415-1422.
- Kepenekci, İ. & T. Atay 2014. Evaluation of aqueous suspension and entomopathogenic nematodes infected cadaver applications against the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24: 335-339.
- Kepenekci, İ., B. İnal, T. Atay & A. Yeşilayer, 2014. Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes, on the black cherry Aphid, Myzus cerasi (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24: 157-161.
- Kepenekci, İ., S. Hazır & A. Özdem, 2015. Evaluation of native entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the European cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae in soil. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39: 74-79.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2016. Infectivity of native entomopathogenic nematodes applied as infected host cadavers against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26: 173-174.
- Kepenekci, İ., T. Atay & M. Alkan, 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 26: 141-144.
- Kepenekci, İ., T. Atay, A. Yeşilayer, Y. Yıldırım & H.D. Sağlam, 2018. Investigation of the Effectiveness of Some Entomopathogenic Nematodes [Steinernema feltiae (Aydın isolate), S. carpocapsae (Blacksea isolate) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Aydın isolate)] against Potato Moth [Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in a greenhouse-potting experiments. 6th ASM International Congress of Agriculture and Environment, 286-299.
- Koçak, E., A. Gökçe & İ. Kepenekci 2004. Infectivity of Two Isalotes of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Relation Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Adults. Second International Conference on Sunn Pest, Aleppo, Syria, Abstract, 32.
- Koppenhöfer, A.M. 2000. Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of Insects and other Invertebrate Pests. (Editors: L.A. Lacey and H.K. Kaya, Nematodes Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer, 283-301.
- Koppenhöfer, A.M., E.M., Fuzy, R., Crocker, W. Gelernter & S. Polavarapu 2004. Pathogenicity of Steinernema scarabaei, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and S. glaseri to twelve white grub species. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 14: 87-92.
- Lery, X., J. Giannotti & A. Taha, 1997. Multiplication of a granulosis virus isolated from the potato tuber moth in a new established cell line of Phthorimaea operculella. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, 33: 640-646.
- Mohammed, M.A. & H.C. Coppel 1983. Mass rearing of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for small-scale laboratory studies. Great Lakes Entomologist, 16: 139-141.
- Molyneux, A.S. 1986. Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (Neoaplectana) spp.: temperature, and aspects of behavior and infectivity. Experimental Parasitology, 62: 169-180.
- Pehlivan, E. 1987, Depolanmış ürün zararlıları, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Ders Teksiri No: 33-1, 35 sayfa.
- Raman, K.V. 1994. Pest management in developing countries. (Editors: G.W. Zehnder, M.L. Powelson, R.K. Jansson and K.V. Raman, Advances in Potato Pest Biology and Management), St. Paul: The American Phytopathological Society, 583-596.
- Ramos-Rodríguez, O., J.F. Campbell & S.B. Ramaswamy, 2006. Pathogenicity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to some major stored-product insect pests. Journal of Stored Products Research, 42: 241-252.
- Roux, O., R., Vonarx & J. Baumgartner, 1992. Estimating potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) damage in stored potatoes in Tunisia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 2246-2250.
- Selvan, S., R. Gaugler & J.F. Campbell, 1993. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode strains against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86: 353-359.
- Setiawati, W., R.E. Soeriaatmadja, T. Rubiati & E. Chujoy, 1999. Control of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) using an indigenous granulosis virus in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Crop Science, 14: 10-16.
- Tülek, A., S., Ertürk, İ. Kepenekci & T. Atay, 2015. Efficacy of native entomopathogenic nematode against the stored grain insect pest, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) adults. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 25: 251-254.
- White, G.F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
- Woodring, J.L. & H.K. Kaya 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: A Handbook of Techniques. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin No: 331, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR, 30 pp.
- Yücel, A. 1985. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde baklagillerde zararlı baklagil tohum böcekleri, yayılışları, en önemli türün biyo-ökolojisi ve savaş yöntemleri. Doktora Tezi, Diyarbakır Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır, 106 sayfa.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode isolates from Turkey and Kyrgyzstan against bean weevil [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] adults
Abstract
In this study, the efficacies of two entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) isolates of both Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (11KG and TOK20) and Steinernema feltiae (3KG and Tokat-Emir), obtained from Turkey and Kyrgyzstan, against an important storage pest of beans, the bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), were determined. In single dose assays, the 2 isolates of S. feltiae caused the highest mortality (99.59%) of A. obtectus adults. At 3 different doses (25, 50 and 100 IJs insect-1) and temperatures (10, 15 and 20°C), the most effective isolates were H. bacteriophora TOK20 (73.09%), S. feltiae 3KG (100%) and S. feltiae 3KG (100%) at 100 IJs at 10°C, 15°C and 20°C, respectively. In the dose-mortality assays, the S. feltiae 3KG isolate was effective at 500 IJs insect-1.
Keywords
Bean Entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis Steinernema Bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus
References
- Abbott W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
- Alcazar, J., M., Cervantes & K.V. Raman 1992. Caracterización y patogenicidad de un virus granulosis de la polilla de la papa Phthorimaea operculella. Revista Peruana de Entomología, 35: 107-111.
- Atay, T., N, Güleç, K. Kara, A. Tülek & İ. Kepenekci 2015. Efficacy of three entomopathogenic nematodes against bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say Coleoptera Bruchidae adults, 5th International Participated Entomopathogens and Microbial Control Symposium, Ankara, 108.
- Atay, T. & İ. Kepenekci, 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26: 7-10.
- BenSalah, H. & R. Aalbu, 1992. Field use of granulosis virus to reduce initial storage infestation of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), in North Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 38: 119-126. Canhilal, R., M. İmren, H. Toktay, R. Bozbuğa, R., Çetintaş, H., Kütük, Y.E. Özdemir & S. Doğan 2014. Adana ve Kahramanmaraş illerinde entomoaptojen nematodların belirlenmesi, Türkiye V. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, Antalya, 350.
- Das, G.P., E.D. Magallona & K.V. Raman, 1992. Effects of different components of IPM in the management of the potato tuber moth, in storage. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 41: 321-325.
- Deacon, J.W. 1983. Microbial control of pests an diseases, Van Nastrand Reinhold (UK) Co. Ltd., pp. 31-41.
- Gouge, D.H., L.L. Lee & T.J. Henneberry 1999. Effect of temperature Lepidopteran host species on entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) infection. Environmental Entomology, 28: 876-883.
- Gözel, Ç. 2016. Domates Güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’nin Mücadelesinde Entomopatojen Nematodların Kullanım Olanakları. Doktora Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı, Çanakkale, 104 sayfa.
- Gözel, Ç., A. Kasap & U. Gözel, 2020. Efficacy of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Larvae of Tomato Leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi), 26: 220-225.
- Grewal, P.S., E.E. Lewis, R. Gaugler & J.F., Campbell 1994a. Host finding behavior as a pedictor of foraging strategy in entomopathogenic nematodes. Parasitology, 108: 207-215.
- Grewal, P.S., S. Selvan & R. Gaugler 1994b. Thermal adaptation of entomopathogenic nematodes: niche breadth for infection, establishment, and reproduction. Journal of Thermal Biology, 19: 245-253.
- Haydak, M.H. 1936. A food for rearing laboratory insect. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29: 1026.
- Hazır, S., S.P. Stock & N. Keskin 2003. A new entomopathogenic species Steinernema anatoliense (Steinernematidae) from Turkey. Systematic Parasitology, 55: 211-220.
- Kaya, H.K. 1990. Soil ecology. (Editors: R. Gaugler and H.K. Kaya, Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Biological Control). CRC Press, Boca Raton Ann Arbor Boston, 93-115.
- Keasar, T., A. Kalish, O. Becher & S. Steinberg, 2005. Spatial and temporal dynamics of potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infestation in field-stored. Journal of Economic Entomology, 98: 222-228.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2004. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes to Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Russian Journal of Nematology, 12: 157-160.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I), Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II)]. Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi Yayın No: 3, LIV+1155 sayfa.
- Kepenekci, İ., A. Tülek, M. Alkan & S. Hazır 2013. Biological control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes against the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae in Turkey, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 45: 1415-1422.
- Kepenekci, İ. & T. Atay 2014. Evaluation of aqueous suspension and entomopathogenic nematodes infected cadaver applications against the great spruce bark beetle Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24: 335-339.
- Kepenekci, İ., B. İnal, T. Atay & A. Yeşilayer, 2014. Effect of entomopathogenic nematodes, on the black cherry Aphid, Myzus cerasi (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 24: 157-161.
- Kepenekci, İ., S. Hazır & A. Özdem, 2015. Evaluation of native entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the European cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi L. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae in soil. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 39: 74-79.
- Kepenekci, İ. 2016. Infectivity of native entomopathogenic nematodes applied as infected host cadavers against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26: 173-174.
- Kepenekci, İ., T. Atay & M. Alkan, 2016. Biological control potential of Turkish entomopathogenic nematodes against the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 26: 141-144.
- Kepenekci, İ., T. Atay, A. Yeşilayer, Y. Yıldırım & H.D. Sağlam, 2018. Investigation of the Effectiveness of Some Entomopathogenic Nematodes [Steinernema feltiae (Aydın isolate), S. carpocapsae (Blacksea isolate) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Aydın isolate)] against Potato Moth [Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in a greenhouse-potting experiments. 6th ASM International Congress of Agriculture and Environment, 286-299.
- Koçak, E., A. Gökçe & İ. Kepenekci 2004. Infectivity of Two Isalotes of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Relation Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Adults. Second International Conference on Sunn Pest, Aleppo, Syria, Abstract, 32.
- Koppenhöfer, A.M. 2000. Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of Insects and other Invertebrate Pests. (Editors: L.A. Lacey and H.K. Kaya, Nematodes Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology). Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer, 283-301.
- Koppenhöfer, A.M., E.M., Fuzy, R., Crocker, W. Gelernter & S. Polavarapu 2004. Pathogenicity of Steinernema scarabaei, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and S. glaseri to twelve white grub species. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 14: 87-92.
- Lery, X., J. Giannotti & A. Taha, 1997. Multiplication of a granulosis virus isolated from the potato tuber moth in a new established cell line of Phthorimaea operculella. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, 33: 640-646.
- Mohammed, M.A. & H.C. Coppel 1983. Mass rearing of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for small-scale laboratory studies. Great Lakes Entomologist, 16: 139-141.
- Molyneux, A.S. 1986. Heterorhabditis and Steinernema (Neoaplectana) spp.: temperature, and aspects of behavior and infectivity. Experimental Parasitology, 62: 169-180.
- Pehlivan, E. 1987, Depolanmış ürün zararlıları, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Ders Teksiri No: 33-1, 35 sayfa.
- Raman, K.V. 1994. Pest management in developing countries. (Editors: G.W. Zehnder, M.L. Powelson, R.K. Jansson and K.V. Raman, Advances in Potato Pest Biology and Management), St. Paul: The American Phytopathological Society, 583-596.
- Ramos-Rodríguez, O., J.F. Campbell & S.B. Ramaswamy, 2006. Pathogenicity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes to some major stored-product insect pests. Journal of Stored Products Research, 42: 241-252.
- Roux, O., R., Vonarx & J. Baumgartner, 1992. Estimating potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) damage in stored potatoes in Tunisia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 2246-2250.
- Selvan, S., R. Gaugler & J.F. Campbell, 1993. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematode strains against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 86: 353-359.
- Setiawati, W., R.E. Soeriaatmadja, T. Rubiati & E. Chujoy, 1999. Control of potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) using an indigenous granulosis virus in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Crop Science, 14: 10-16.
- Tülek, A., S., Ertürk, İ. Kepenekci & T. Atay, 2015. Efficacy of native entomopathogenic nematode against the stored grain insect pest, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) adults. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 25: 251-254.
- White, G.F. 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
- Woodring, J.L. & H.K. Kaya 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes: A Handbook of Techniques. Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin No: 331, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR, 30 pp.
- Yücel, A. 1985. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde baklagillerde zararlı baklagil tohum böcekleri, yayılışları, en önemli türün biyo-ökolojisi ve savaş yöntemleri. Doktora Tezi, Diyarbakır Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü, Diyarbakır, 106 sayfa.
There are 41 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Agricultural Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2021 |
| Submission Date | March 3, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 2 |