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Studies on the biological control of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) with Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 109 - 119, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.915666

Abstract

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is a polyphagous pest, causes crop losses in many cultivated plants. Its nymphs and adults are covered with wax and the eggs are in a sac which makes the chemical control of this pest difficult. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), is a polyphagous predator used in biological control programs. In this study, the potential for the use of C. carnea in the biological control of P. solenopsis was investigated. The experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 in a climate room (26±5 °C, 65±10% R. H. and 16:8 L:D) and in a greenhouse in cages containing eggplant plants infested with the pest. Larvae of the predator were released in the climate room and greenhouse at 6-10 and 9-15 larvae per plant, respectively. They fed on the pest, P. solenopsi, and reduced densities at all release rates in comparison to the controls. The density of the pest, which averaged 300 per leaf in the controls, did not exceed 150 per leaf, even at the lowest release rate of the predator. These results showed that C. carnea could be used in biological control of P. solenopsis, subject to further testing under field conditions.

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/A/18/A2/P5/473

References

  • Abbas G., Arif, M. J. S. Saeed & H. Karar, 2009. A new invasive species of genus Phenacoccus cockerell attacking cotton in Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11:54-58.
  • Alghamdi A., S. Al-Otaibi & S. M. Sayed, 2018. Field evaluation of indigenous predacious insect, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), fitness in controlling aphids and whiteflies in two vegetable crops. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28:1-8.
  • Atlıhan R., B. Kaydan & M. A. Özgökçe, 2004. Feeding activity and life history characteristics of the generalist predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at different prey densities. Journal of Pest Science, 77: 17–21.
  • Culik M. P. & P.J. Gullan, 2005. A new pest of tomato and other records of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, 964:1–8.
  • El-Zahi S. E., 2017. Preference and predatory potential of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: A new threat to the Egyptian economic crops. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 38(4):837-843.
  • Gebregergis Z, 2018. Incidence of a new pest, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, on sesame in North Ethiopia. International Journal of Zoology, Article ID 3531495, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3531495.
  • Hagley E.A.C., 1989. Release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for control of the Green Apple Aphid, Aphis pomi Degeer (Homoptera: Aphididae). The Canadian Entomologist, 121 (4/5): 309-315.
  • Hassan S.A., F. Klingauf & F. Shahin, 1985. Role of Chrysopa carnea as an aphid predator on sugar beet and the effect of pesticides. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 100: 163-174.
  • Hassanpour M., G. Nouri-Ganbalani, J. Mohaghegh & A. Enkegaard, 2009. Functional response of different larval instars of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7:424-428.
  • Huang N. & A. Enkegaard, 2010. Predation capacity and prey preference of Chrysoperla carnea on Pieris brassicae. BioControl, 55(3):379-385.
  • Ibrahim S. S., F. A. Moharum & N. M. Abd El-Ghany, 2015. The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a new insect pest on tomato plants in Egypt. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 5: 48-51.
  • Kaydan M. B., A. F. Çalıskan & M. R. Ulusoy, 2013. New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. EPPO Bulletin, 43(1): 169-171.
  • Kişmir A. & Ç. Şengonca, 1981. Anisochrysa carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)'nın kitle üretim yönteminin geliştirilmesi üzerinde çalışmalar. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 5 (1) : 35 – 41.
  • Langham D. R., 2019. Sesame pests - a review, part 1 WP1. Technical Report, 285p., June 2019. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333732200_Sesame_pests_-_a_review_part_1_WP1 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2020).
  • Messelink G.J., R. Vijverberg, A. Leman & A. Janssen, 2016. Biological control of mealybugs with lacewing larvae is affected by the presence and type of supplemental prey. BioControl, 61(5): 555-565.
  • Rashid M. M., M. K. Khattak, K. Abdullah, M. Amir, M. Tariq, & S. Nawaz, 2012. Feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(3):639-643.
  • Rouhani M. & M. A. Samih, 2012. Functional response of Chrysoperla carnea larvae to Aphis punicae, Empoasca decipiens and Agonoscena pistaciae. International Journal of Agricultural Research Review, 2: 535-541.
  • Sahito H.A., H. A. Ghulam, S. S. Tajwer, M. A. Shafique, M. Bhugro & M. Sakhawat, 2011. Screening of pesticides against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its natural enemies on cotton crop. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 1(9):232-236.
  • Samah S. I., 2018. Study on cotton host plants of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and efficiency release the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) for its controlling on cotton plants in Egypt. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 9 (3): 247-252.
  • Sattar M., G. H. Abro & T.S. Syed, 2011. Effect of different hosts on biology of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 43(6): 1049-1054.
  • Shresthaa G. & A. Enkegaard, 2013. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea: Preference between lettuce aphids, Nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Journal of Insect Science, 13: 94.
  • Spodek M., Y. Ben-Dov, L. Mondaca, A. Protasov, E. Erel & Z. Mendel, 2018. The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Israel: pest status, host plants and natural enemies. Phytoparasitica, 46 (1): 45-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-018-0642-1
  • van Lenteren J.C., 2012. The state of commercial augmentative biological control: plenty of natural enemies, but a frustrating lack of uptake. BioControl, 57:1-20.
  • Vennila S., V. V. Ramamurthy, A. Deshmukh, D. B. Pinjarkar, M. Agarwal, P. C. Pagar, Y. G. Prasad, M. Prabhakar, K. R. Kranthi & O. M. Bambawale 2010. A treatise on mealybugs of central Indian cotton production system. Technical Bulletin No. 24, p: 39. National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India.
  • Zheng Y., K. M. Daane, K. S. Hagen & T. E. Mittler, 1993. Influence of larval food consumption on the fecundity of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 67(1):9-14.

Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 109 - 119, 15.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.915666

Abstract

Polifag bir zararlı olan Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), üretimi yapılan çok sayıda bitkide ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Yumurtaların kese içinde, nimf ve ergin bireylerin mum tabakasıyla kaplanmış olması, zararlının kimyasal mücadelesini güçleştirmektedir. Altın gözlü avcı böcek Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) biyolojik mücadele uygulamalarında kullanılan polifag bir avcıdır. Bu çalışmada, P. solenopsis’in biyolojik mücadelesinde, C. carnea’nın kullanılabilme olanakları araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, iklim odası (26±5°C sıcaklık, %65±10 orantılı nem ve 16:8 A:K) ve serada, içerisinde P. solenopsis ile bulaşık patlıcan bitkileri bulunan kafeslerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Avcı salımları iklim odası ve sera için sırasıyla bitki başına 6-10 ve 9-15 adet larva olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Avcı larvaları zararlı ile beslenmiş ve tüm salım oranlarında P. solenopsis sayılarının kontrolden düşük olmasını sağlamıştır. Kontrolde yaprak başına ortalama 300 adede ulaşan zararlı yoğunluğu, en düşük salım oranında dahi yaprak başına ortalama 150 adedin üzerine çıkamamıştır. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen bulgular C. carnea’nın P. solenopsis’in biyolojik mücadelesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Supporting Institution

Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Project Number

TAGEM/BSAD/A/18/A2/P5/473

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın yürütülmesinde sağladığı maddi destekten dolayı Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü ile Biyolojik Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne Teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Abbas G., Arif, M. J. S. Saeed & H. Karar, 2009. A new invasive species of genus Phenacoccus cockerell attacking cotton in Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11:54-58.
  • Alghamdi A., S. Al-Otaibi & S. M. Sayed, 2018. Field evaluation of indigenous predacious insect, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), fitness in controlling aphids and whiteflies in two vegetable crops. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28:1-8.
  • Atlıhan R., B. Kaydan & M. A. Özgökçe, 2004. Feeding activity and life history characteristics of the generalist predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at different prey densities. Journal of Pest Science, 77: 17–21.
  • Culik M. P. & P.J. Gullan, 2005. A new pest of tomato and other records of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, 964:1–8.
  • El-Zahi S. E., 2017. Preference and predatory potential of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) and Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: A new threat to the Egyptian economic crops. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal, 38(4):837-843.
  • Gebregergis Z, 2018. Incidence of a new pest, the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, on sesame in North Ethiopia. International Journal of Zoology, Article ID 3531495, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3531495.
  • Hagley E.A.C., 1989. Release of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) for control of the Green Apple Aphid, Aphis pomi Degeer (Homoptera: Aphididae). The Canadian Entomologist, 121 (4/5): 309-315.
  • Hassan S.A., F. Klingauf & F. Shahin, 1985. Role of Chrysopa carnea as an aphid predator on sugar beet and the effect of pesticides. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 100: 163-174.
  • Hassanpour M., G. Nouri-Ganbalani, J. Mohaghegh & A. Enkegaard, 2009. Functional response of different larval instars of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7:424-428.
  • Huang N. & A. Enkegaard, 2010. Predation capacity and prey preference of Chrysoperla carnea on Pieris brassicae. BioControl, 55(3):379-385.
  • Ibrahim S. S., F. A. Moharum & N. M. Abd El-Ghany, 2015. The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a new insect pest on tomato plants in Egypt. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 5: 48-51.
  • Kaydan M. B., A. F. Çalıskan & M. R. Ulusoy, 2013. New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. EPPO Bulletin, 43(1): 169-171.
  • Kişmir A. & Ç. Şengonca, 1981. Anisochrysa carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)'nın kitle üretim yönteminin geliştirilmesi üzerinde çalışmalar. Türkiye Bitki Koruma Dergisi, 5 (1) : 35 – 41.
  • Langham D. R., 2019. Sesame pests - a review, part 1 WP1. Technical Report, 285p., June 2019. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333732200_Sesame_pests_-_a_review_part_1_WP1 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2020).
  • Messelink G.J., R. Vijverberg, A. Leman & A. Janssen, 2016. Biological control of mealybugs with lacewing larvae is affected by the presence and type of supplemental prey. BioControl, 61(5): 555-565.
  • Rashid M. M., M. K. Khattak, K. Abdullah, M. Amir, M. Tariq, & S. Nawaz, 2012. Feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(3):639-643.
  • Rouhani M. & M. A. Samih, 2012. Functional response of Chrysoperla carnea larvae to Aphis punicae, Empoasca decipiens and Agonoscena pistaciae. International Journal of Agricultural Research Review, 2: 535-541.
  • Sahito H.A., H. A. Ghulam, S. S. Tajwer, M. A. Shafique, M. Bhugro & M. Sakhawat, 2011. Screening of pesticides against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its natural enemies on cotton crop. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 1(9):232-236.
  • Samah S. I., 2018. Study on cotton host plants of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) and efficiency release the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) for its controlling on cotton plants in Egypt. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 9 (3): 247-252.
  • Sattar M., G. H. Abro & T.S. Syed, 2011. Effect of different hosts on biology of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 43(6): 1049-1054.
  • Shresthaa G. & A. Enkegaard, 2013. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea: Preference between lettuce aphids, Nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Journal of Insect Science, 13: 94.
  • Spodek M., Y. Ben-Dov, L. Mondaca, A. Protasov, E. Erel & Z. Mendel, 2018. The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Israel: pest status, host plants and natural enemies. Phytoparasitica, 46 (1): 45-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-018-0642-1
  • van Lenteren J.C., 2012. The state of commercial augmentative biological control: plenty of natural enemies, but a frustrating lack of uptake. BioControl, 57:1-20.
  • Vennila S., V. V. Ramamurthy, A. Deshmukh, D. B. Pinjarkar, M. Agarwal, P. C. Pagar, Y. G. Prasad, M. Prabhakar, K. R. Kranthi & O. M. Bambawale 2010. A treatise on mealybugs of central Indian cotton production system. Technical Bulletin No. 24, p: 39. National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India.
  • Zheng Y., K. M. Daane, K. S. Hagen & T. E. Mittler, 1993. Influence of larval food consumption on the fecundity of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 67(1):9-14.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

S. Emre Görür 0000-0002-3181-8724

Kamil Karut 0000-0002-1173-7265

Project Number TAGEM/BSAD/A/18/A2/P5/473
Publication Date December 15, 2021
Submission Date April 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Görür, S. E., & Karut, K. (2021). Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 12(2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.915666
AMA Görür SE, Karut K. Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. December 2021;12(2):109-119. doi:10.31019/tbmd.915666
Chicago Görür, S. Emre, and Kamil Karut. “Pamuk Unlubiti, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla Carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ile Biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 12, no. 2 (December 2021): 109-19. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.915666.
EndNote Görür SE, Karut K (December 1, 2021) Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 12 2 109–119.
IEEE S. E. Görür and K. Karut, “Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar”, Türk. biyo. müc. derg, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 109–119, 2021, doi: 10.31019/tbmd.915666.
ISNAD Görür, S. Emre - Karut, Kamil. “Pamuk Unlubiti, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla Carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ile Biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi 12/2 (December 2021), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.915666.
JAMA Görür SE, Karut K. Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. 2021;12:109–119.
MLA Görür, S. Emre and Kamil Karut. “Pamuk Unlubiti, Phenacoccus Solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla Carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ile Biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar”. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 2, 2021, pp. 109-1, doi:10.31019/tbmd.915666.
Vancouver Görür SE, Karut K. Pamuk unlubiti, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)’in Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ile biyolojik mücadelesi üzerine araştırmalar. Türk. biyo. müc. derg. 2021;12(2):109-1.