Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 98 - 105, 31.12.2023

Abstract

References

  • Allaby, R. G., Peterson, G. W., Merriwether, D. A., & Fu, Y.-B. (2005). Evidence of the domestication history of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) from genetic diversity of the sad2 locus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 112(1), 58-65.
  • Anonymus. (2022). Weed Control. In J. P. Dribnenki (Ed.), Growing flax production management & diagnostic guide (5th ed., pp. 25-30). Flax Council of Canada. https://flaxcouncil.ca/growing-flax/chapters/weed-control/
  • Arslanoglu, Ş. F., Sert, S., Şahin, H. A., Aytaç, S., & El Sabagh, A. (2022). Yield and Yield Criteria of Flax Fiber (Linum usititassimum L.) as Influenced by Different Plant Densities. Sustainability, 14(8), 4710.
  • Barroso, J., San Martin, C., McCallum, J. D., & Long, D. S. (2021). Economic and management value of weed maps at harvest in semi-arid cropping systems of the US Pacific Northwest. Precision Agriculture, 22(6), 1936-1951.
  • Beckie, H. J., Lozinski, C., Shirriff, S., & Brenzil, C. A. (2013). Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian Prairies: 2007 to 2011. Weed Technology, 27(1), 171-183.
  • Boydston, R. A., & Williams, M. M. (2004). Combined effects of Aceria malherbae and herbicides on field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) growth. Weed Science, 52(2), 297-301. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1614/Ws-03-080r1
  • Chadha, A., & Florentine, S. (2021). Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Control of the Invasive Weed, Lactuca serriola L.(Wild Lettuce): A Global Review. Plants, 10(10), 2157. https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/plants/plants-10-02157/article_deploy/plants-10-02157-v2.pdf
  • Christopher, J. T., Powles, S. B., Liljegren, D. R., & Holtum, J. A. (1991). Cross-resistance to herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) II. Chlorsulfuron resistance involves a wheat-like detoxification system. Plant Physiology, 95(4), 1036-1043. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1077648/pdf/plntphys00817- 0070.pdf
  • Davis, P. H. (1965). Flora of Turkey. Flora of Turkey.
  • Duk, M., Kanapin, A., Rozhmina, T., Bankin, M., Surkova, S., Samsonova, A., & Samsonova, M. (2021). The Genetic Landscape of Fiber Flax. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12. https://doi.org/ARTN 764612 10.3389/fpls.2021.764612
  • Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Chauhan, B. S., Saud, S., Wu, C., Hassan, S., Tanveer, M., Jan, A., & Huang, J. (2015). Weed growth and crop yield loss in wheat as influenced by row spacing and weed emergence times. Crop Protection, 71, 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.005
  • Friesen, L. F., Nickel, K. P., & Morrison, I. N. (1992). Round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla) growth and interference in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and flax (Linum usitatissimum). Weed Science, 40(3), 448-454.
  • Ghalwash, A. M., & Soliman, I. E. (2008). Efficacy of some weed control treatments on annual weeds and growth character and yield and its components of flax (linum usitatissimuml.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 86(1), 383-394.
  • Goudenhooft, C., Bourmaud, A., & Baley, C. (2019). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibers for composite reinforcement: exploring the link between plant growth, cell walls development, and fiber properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 411.
  • Gruzdeviene, E., & Jankauskiene, Z. (2011). The Diversity of Weeds in Organic Linseed and Flax Crop. Environment, Technology, Resources, Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2011, Vol Ii, 276-281. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000393725800038
  • Heller, K. (1992). Concentration of segetal weeds on flax plantations and the possibilities of combating them by chemical methods. Natural Fibres XXXV/XXXVI Poznań, 23-38.
  • Heller, K., & Adamczewski, K. (2010). Ontogenesis of weeds in fibrous flax field. 21ème Conférence du COLUMA. Journées Internationales sur la Lutte contre les Mauvaises Herbes, Dijon, France, 8-9 décembre, 2010,
  • Heller, K., Sheng, Q. C., Guan, F. Z., Alexopoulou, E., Hua, L. S., Wu, G. W., Jankauskiene, Z., & Fu, W. Y. (2015). A comparative study between Europe and China in crop management of two types of flax: linseed and fibre flax. Industrial Crops and Products, 68, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.010
  • Kołodziejek, J., Patykowski, J., & Wala, M. (2019). Dormancy, germination, and sensitivity to salinity stress in five species of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Botany, 97(8), 452-462.
  • Kurtenbach, M. E. (2017). Improving Weed Management in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) University of Saskatchewan].
  • Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., & Sheard, J. W. (2005). Weed distribution across field boundaries adjacent to roadsides. In A. G. Thomas (Ed.), Field Boundary Habitats: Implications for Weed, Insect and Disease Management. (Vol. Topics in Canadian Weed Science, pp. 185-199). Canadian Weed Science
  • Society – Société canadienne de malherbologie. Liu, J., Mahoney, K., Sikkema, P., & Swanton, C. (2009). The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition. Weed Research, 49(2), 217-224.
  • Liu, L., Gan, Y., Bueckert, R., & Van Rees, K. (2011). Rooting systems of oilseed and pulse crops I: Temporal growth patterns across the plant developmental periods. Field Crops Research, 122(3), 256-263.
  • Mańkowski, J., Pudełko, K., & Kołodziej, J. (2013). Cultivation of fiber and oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in no-tillage and conventional systems. Part I. Influence of no-tillage and conventional system on yield and weed infestation of fiber flax and the physical and biological properties of the soil. Journal of natural fibers, 10(4), 326-340.
  • Mańkowski, J., Pudełko, K., Kołodziej, J., & Karaś, T. (2015). Effect of herbicides on yield and quality of straw and homomorphic fibre in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 70, 185-189.
  • Marshall, G., Hack, C. M., & Kirkwood, R. (1995). Volunteer barley interference in fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Weed Research, 35(1), 51-56.
  • Möhl, C., Weimer, T., Caliskan, M., Baz, S., Bauder, H.-J., & Gresser, G. T. (2022). Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Semi-Finished Products with Bio-Based Matrix for Eco-Friendly Composites. Polymers, 14(4), 698.
  • Nalewaja, J. D. (1996). Phenoxy herbicides in flax, millet, rice, wild rice, seed crops, sugarcane, pea, and fallow in the United States. Biological and Economic Assessment of Benefits from the Use of Phenoxy Herbicides in the United States. Washington, DC: USDA Special NAPIAP Report, 137-147.
  • Nilsson, D. (2006). Dynamic simulation of the harvest operations of flax straw for short fibre production—part 1: model description. Journal of natural fibers, 3(1), 23-34.
  • Oomah, B. D. (2001). Flaxseed as a functional food source. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81(9), 889-894.
  • Pali, G., Patel, S., Sarkar, C., & Tripathi, R. (1997). Integrated weed management in irrigated linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42, 177-180.
  • Ramesh, M. (2019). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibre reinforced polymer composite materials: A review on preparation, properties and prospects. Progress in Materials Science, 102, 109-166.
  • Safi, S. M. A., Hammood, W. F., & Al-khaldy, R. A. A. (2020). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sorghum Leaf Extract and Herbicide in Controlling Flax Weeds. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 16, 1559-1563. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000627583800091
  • Stone, A. E., Peeper, T. E., & Kelley, J. P. (2005). Efficacy and acceptance of herbicides applied for field bindweed (Convuhulus arvensis) control. Weed Technology, 19(1), 148-153. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1614/Wt-04-044r2
  • Turner, T., Mapiye, C., Aalhus, J., Beaulieu, A., Patience, J., Zijlstra, R., & Dugan, M. (2014). Flaxseed fed pork: n− 3 fatty acid enrichment and contribution to dietary recommendations. Meat Science, 96(1), 541-547.
  • Uğurlu, Z., & Dönmez, A. A. (2012). A Case Study of the Abandoned Fibre and Oil Crop Plant Linum usitatissimum with Special Reference to Recultivation in Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 40(4), 385-391.
  • Zhang, T., Lamb, E. G., Soto-Cerda, B., Duguid, S., Cloutier, S., Rowland, G., Diederichsen, A., & Booker, H. M. (2014). Structural equation modeling of the Canadian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) core collection for multiple phenotypic traits. Canadian journal of plant science, 94(8), 1325-1332.
  • Zimdahl, R. L. (2018). Fundamentals of weed science. Academic press.
  • Zou, X.-G., Chen, X.-L., Hu, J.-N., Wang, Y.-F., Gong, D.-M., Zhu, X.-M., & Deng, Z.-Y. (2017). Comparisons of proximate compositions, fatty acids profile and micronutrients between fiber and oil flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 62, 168-176.

Weed Management Through Herbicide Application to Increase Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Straw Yield

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 98 - 105, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is cultivated in many countries for its fibre and seeds. The production of flax is limited by weeds, which causes damage to the crops with a reduction of quality and quantity. The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of combinations of pre and post emergence herbicides on weeds and flax straw yield. On-farm chemical weed control trial with seven applications were conducted from 2017-2018 in Black Sea region of Turkey. Pendimethalin and a tank mixture of linuron and lenacil were used as pre-emergence herbicides. As post emergence herbicides for broadleaf weeds bentazone+MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, clopyralid; for grass weeds pre mixture of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+cloquintocet- mexyl were used. Each broadleaf herbicide was mixed with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl+cloquintocet- mexyl as a grass weeds herbicide. The efficacy of herbicides were evaluated in terms of the number of weeds at 7th, 14th, 28th and 56th days following the applications. The straw yield of flax in the experimental fields was measured as well. A total of 15 weed species, 13 dicotyledons and 2 monocotyledons, were found in the trials. The analysis of the collected data has shown significant differences between the weedy-check (no herbicide) and the pre-emergence and post emergence herbicide combinations in number of weeds and straw yield. Herbicide applications on all weed species except for Convolvulus arvensis exhibited a statistical difference compared to the control plots. Although herbicide treatments showed significant difference in yield compared to control, there was no difference in yield between treatments. Overall, the result of this study demonstrated that the use of combinations of pre and post emergence herbicides effectively reduced weed populations and improved competitive ability of flax and finally increased flax straw yield.

References

  • Allaby, R. G., Peterson, G. W., Merriwether, D. A., & Fu, Y.-B. (2005). Evidence of the domestication history of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) from genetic diversity of the sad2 locus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 112(1), 58-65.
  • Anonymus. (2022). Weed Control. In J. P. Dribnenki (Ed.), Growing flax production management & diagnostic guide (5th ed., pp. 25-30). Flax Council of Canada. https://flaxcouncil.ca/growing-flax/chapters/weed-control/
  • Arslanoglu, Ş. F., Sert, S., Şahin, H. A., Aytaç, S., & El Sabagh, A. (2022). Yield and Yield Criteria of Flax Fiber (Linum usititassimum L.) as Influenced by Different Plant Densities. Sustainability, 14(8), 4710.
  • Barroso, J., San Martin, C., McCallum, J. D., & Long, D. S. (2021). Economic and management value of weed maps at harvest in semi-arid cropping systems of the US Pacific Northwest. Precision Agriculture, 22(6), 1936-1951.
  • Beckie, H. J., Lozinski, C., Shirriff, S., & Brenzil, C. A. (2013). Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian Prairies: 2007 to 2011. Weed Technology, 27(1), 171-183.
  • Boydston, R. A., & Williams, M. M. (2004). Combined effects of Aceria malherbae and herbicides on field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) growth. Weed Science, 52(2), 297-301. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1614/Ws-03-080r1
  • Chadha, A., & Florentine, S. (2021). Biology, Ecology, Distribution and Control of the Invasive Weed, Lactuca serriola L.(Wild Lettuce): A Global Review. Plants, 10(10), 2157. https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/plants/plants-10-02157/article_deploy/plants-10-02157-v2.pdf
  • Christopher, J. T., Powles, S. B., Liljegren, D. R., & Holtum, J. A. (1991). Cross-resistance to herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) II. Chlorsulfuron resistance involves a wheat-like detoxification system. Plant Physiology, 95(4), 1036-1043. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1077648/pdf/plntphys00817- 0070.pdf
  • Davis, P. H. (1965). Flora of Turkey. Flora of Turkey.
  • Duk, M., Kanapin, A., Rozhmina, T., Bankin, M., Surkova, S., Samsonova, A., & Samsonova, M. (2021). The Genetic Landscape of Fiber Flax. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12. https://doi.org/ARTN 764612 10.3389/fpls.2021.764612
  • Fahad, S., Hussain, S., Chauhan, B. S., Saud, S., Wu, C., Hassan, S., Tanveer, M., Jan, A., & Huang, J. (2015). Weed growth and crop yield loss in wheat as influenced by row spacing and weed emergence times. Crop Protection, 71, 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.005
  • Friesen, L. F., Nickel, K. P., & Morrison, I. N. (1992). Round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla) growth and interference in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and flax (Linum usitatissimum). Weed Science, 40(3), 448-454.
  • Ghalwash, A. M., & Soliman, I. E. (2008). Efficacy of some weed control treatments on annual weeds and growth character and yield and its components of flax (linum usitatissimuml.). Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 86(1), 383-394.
  • Goudenhooft, C., Bourmaud, A., & Baley, C. (2019). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibers for composite reinforcement: exploring the link between plant growth, cell walls development, and fiber properties. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 411.
  • Gruzdeviene, E., & Jankauskiene, Z. (2011). The Diversity of Weeds in Organic Linseed and Flax Crop. Environment, Technology, Resources, Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference, 2011, Vol Ii, 276-281. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000393725800038
  • Heller, K. (1992). Concentration of segetal weeds on flax plantations and the possibilities of combating them by chemical methods. Natural Fibres XXXV/XXXVI Poznań, 23-38.
  • Heller, K., & Adamczewski, K. (2010). Ontogenesis of weeds in fibrous flax field. 21ème Conférence du COLUMA. Journées Internationales sur la Lutte contre les Mauvaises Herbes, Dijon, France, 8-9 décembre, 2010,
  • Heller, K., Sheng, Q. C., Guan, F. Z., Alexopoulou, E., Hua, L. S., Wu, G. W., Jankauskiene, Z., & Fu, W. Y. (2015). A comparative study between Europe and China in crop management of two types of flax: linseed and fibre flax. Industrial Crops and Products, 68, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.010
  • Kołodziejek, J., Patykowski, J., & Wala, M. (2019). Dormancy, germination, and sensitivity to salinity stress in five species of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Botany, 97(8), 452-462.
  • Kurtenbach, M. E. (2017). Improving Weed Management in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) University of Saskatchewan].
  • Leeson, J. Y., Thomas, A. G., & Sheard, J. W. (2005). Weed distribution across field boundaries adjacent to roadsides. In A. G. Thomas (Ed.), Field Boundary Habitats: Implications for Weed, Insect and Disease Management. (Vol. Topics in Canadian Weed Science, pp. 185-199). Canadian Weed Science
  • Society – Société canadienne de malherbologie. Liu, J., Mahoney, K., Sikkema, P., & Swanton, C. (2009). The importance of light quality in crop–weed competition. Weed Research, 49(2), 217-224.
  • Liu, L., Gan, Y., Bueckert, R., & Van Rees, K. (2011). Rooting systems of oilseed and pulse crops I: Temporal growth patterns across the plant developmental periods. Field Crops Research, 122(3), 256-263.
  • Mańkowski, J., Pudełko, K., & Kołodziej, J. (2013). Cultivation of fiber and oil flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) in no-tillage and conventional systems. Part I. Influence of no-tillage and conventional system on yield and weed infestation of fiber flax and the physical and biological properties of the soil. Journal of natural fibers, 10(4), 326-340.
  • Mańkowski, J., Pudełko, K., Kołodziej, J., & Karaś, T. (2015). Effect of herbicides on yield and quality of straw and homomorphic fibre in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 70, 185-189.
  • Marshall, G., Hack, C. M., & Kirkwood, R. (1995). Volunteer barley interference in fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Weed Research, 35(1), 51-56.
  • Möhl, C., Weimer, T., Caliskan, M., Baz, S., Bauder, H.-J., & Gresser, G. T. (2022). Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Semi-Finished Products with Bio-Based Matrix for Eco-Friendly Composites. Polymers, 14(4), 698.
  • Nalewaja, J. D. (1996). Phenoxy herbicides in flax, millet, rice, wild rice, seed crops, sugarcane, pea, and fallow in the United States. Biological and Economic Assessment of Benefits from the Use of Phenoxy Herbicides in the United States. Washington, DC: USDA Special NAPIAP Report, 137-147.
  • Nilsson, D. (2006). Dynamic simulation of the harvest operations of flax straw for short fibre production—part 1: model description. Journal of natural fibers, 3(1), 23-34.
  • Oomah, B. D. (2001). Flaxseed as a functional food source. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81(9), 889-894.
  • Pali, G., Patel, S., Sarkar, C., & Tripathi, R. (1997). Integrated weed management in irrigated linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42, 177-180.
  • Ramesh, M. (2019). Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) fibre reinforced polymer composite materials: A review on preparation, properties and prospects. Progress in Materials Science, 102, 109-166.
  • Safi, S. M. A., Hammood, W. F., & Al-khaldy, R. A. A. (2020). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sorghum Leaf Extract and Herbicide in Controlling Flax Weeds. International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences, 16, 1559-1563. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000627583800091
  • Stone, A. E., Peeper, T. E., & Kelley, J. P. (2005). Efficacy and acceptance of herbicides applied for field bindweed (Convuhulus arvensis) control. Weed Technology, 19(1), 148-153. https://doi.org/Doi 10.1614/Wt-04-044r2
  • Turner, T., Mapiye, C., Aalhus, J., Beaulieu, A., Patience, J., Zijlstra, R., & Dugan, M. (2014). Flaxseed fed pork: n− 3 fatty acid enrichment and contribution to dietary recommendations. Meat Science, 96(1), 541-547.
  • Uğurlu, Z., & Dönmez, A. A. (2012). A Case Study of the Abandoned Fibre and Oil Crop Plant Linum usitatissimum with Special Reference to Recultivation in Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 40(4), 385-391.
  • Zhang, T., Lamb, E. G., Soto-Cerda, B., Duguid, S., Cloutier, S., Rowland, G., Diederichsen, A., & Booker, H. M. (2014). Structural equation modeling of the Canadian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) core collection for multiple phenotypic traits. Canadian journal of plant science, 94(8), 1325-1332.
  • Zimdahl, R. L. (2018). Fundamentals of weed science. Academic press.
  • Zou, X.-G., Chen, X.-L., Hu, J.-N., Wang, Y.-F., Gong, D.-M., Zhu, X.-M., & Deng, Z.-Y. (2017). Comparisons of proximate compositions, fatty acids profile and micronutrients between fiber and oil flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 62, 168-176.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Esra Çiğnitaş 0000-0002-0614-0712

Hüsrev Mennan 0000-0002-1410-8114

Early Pub Date December 26, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Acceptance Date December 4, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çiğnitaş, E., & Mennan, H. (2023). Weed Management Through Herbicide Application to Increase Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Straw Yield. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 26(2), 98-105.

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