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Yarı Kurak İklim Koşullarında Farklı Anaçlar Üzerinde Yetiştirilen Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Bazı Çekirdek Özellikleri ile Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 73 - 86, 25.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.679913

Abstract

Üzüm çekirdeklerinin kayda değer bir yağ içeriğine sahip olduğu uzun yıllardır bilinmesine karşın; üzüm çekirdeği yağının ticari olarak üretimi ancak son yıllarda yaygınlaşmıştır. Farklı üzüm çeşitlerinin yağ asitleri kompozisyonlarının ve çekirdek özelliklerinin incelendiği çalışmalar literatürde yaygın olmasına karşın; bağda kullanılan anacın bunlar üzerine etkilerinin ortaya konduğu araştırmalar kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada; farklı anaçlar (1103 P ve 110 R) üzerine aşılanmış sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin (Red Globe, Trakya İlkeren, Ata Sarısı, Hatun Parmağı ve Horoz Karası) bazı çekirdek özellikleri ile yağ asitleri kompozisyonları incelenmiştir. Bağda kullanılan anacın; 1 kg’daki çekirdek sayısı, çekirdek nemi ve protein miktarı üzerinde etkili olduğu ancak çekirdek boyutları, sabit yağ içeriği, kül miktarı ve 100 çekirdek ağırlığını değiştirmediği belirlenmiştir. Bu özelliklerin genellikle çeşide bağlı olarak değiştiği saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte en yüksek sabit yağ içeriği 1103 P anacına aşılı Ata Sarısı üzüm çeşidinde (%16.30 w/w) tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen tüm çeşitlerde en yüksek miktarda bulunan yağ asidinin Linoleik asit (C18:2n-6) olduğu ve bunu sırasıyla Oleik (C18:1), Palmitik (C16:0), Stearik (C18:0) ve Bütirik (C4:0) asitlerin izlediği belirlenmiştir. En yüksek Linoleik asit içeriği (%67.97) 1103 P anacına aşılı Trakya İlkeren üzüm çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmada çeşitlerin yağ asitleri üzerinde mutlak bir etkisinin olduğu, bununla birlikte anaçların yağ asitlerini sınırlı düzeyde etkilediği ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

Thanks

§: Bu çalışma M. İlhan ODABAŞIOĞLU’nun doktora tezinden türetilmiştir. Çalışmanın yapılmasına destek sağlayan HÜBAK (Proje no: 19022)‘a araştırmacılar teşekkür eder.

References

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  • Ağaoğlu, Y.S. 2002. Bilimsel ve Uygulamalı Bağcılık Cilt:2 Asma Fizyolojisi-I. Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları, No:5, Ankara, 445s.
  • Akın., A., Altındişli, A. 2010. Emir, Gök Üzüm ve Kara Dimrit Çeşitlerinin Çekirdek Yağlarının Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu ve Fenolik Madde İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 8(6): 19-23.
  • Asadi, F., Shahriari, A., Chahardah-Cheric, M. 2010. Effect of long-term optional ingestion of canola oil, grape seed oil, corn oil and yoğurt butter on serum, muscle and liver cholesterol status in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 2454-2457.
  • Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Murali, G., Panneerselvam, C. 2005. Age-related oxidative protein damages in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grape seed extract. Int. J. Devl. Neuroscience, 23: 501-507.
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  • Bekar, T. 2016. Bağcılıkta Atık Teknolojisi. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der., 6(1): 17-24.
  • Beveridge, T.H.J., Girard, B., Kopp, T., Drover, J.C.G. 2005. Yield and Composition of Grape Seed Oils Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Petroleum Ether: Varietal Effects. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(5): 1799-1804.
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  • Crews, C., Hough, P., Godward, J., Brereton, P., Lees, M., Guiet, S., Winkelmann, W. 2006. Quantitation of the Main Constituents of Some Authentic Grape-Seed Oils of Different Origin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54(17): 6261-6265.
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  • Fernandes, L., Casal, S., Cruz, R., Pereira, J.A., Ramalhosa, E. 2013. Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Research International, 50: 161-166.
  • Garavaglia, J., Markoski, M.M., Oliveira, A., Marcadenti, A. 2016. Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 2016(9): 59-64.
  • Gök Tangolar, S., Özoğul, Y., Tangolar, S., Torun, A. 2009. Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60(1), 32-39.
  • Göktürk Baydar, N., Akkurt, M. 2001. Oil Content and Oil Quality Properties of Some Grape Seeds. Turk. J. Agric. For., 25: 163-168.
  • Göktürk Baydar, N., Özkan, G., Çetin, E.S. 2007. Characterization of grape seed and pomace oil extracts. Grasas y Aceities, 58(1): 29-33.
  • Hajati, H., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, M., Nassiri, M.R. 2015. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Vitamin C Feed Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters and HSP70 Gene Expression of Broiler Chickens Suffering from Chronic Heat Stress. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3): 3273-3281.
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  • Kamal-Eldin, A., Andersson, R. 1997. A Multivariate Study of the Correlation Between Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Vegetable Oils. JAOCS, 74(4): 375-380.
  • Kamel, B.S., Dawson, H., Kakuda, Y. 1985. Characteristics and Composition of Melon and Grape Seed Oils and Cakes. JAOCS, 62(5): 881-883.
  • Kamiloğlu, Ö., Üstün, D. 2014. Bazı Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Hasat Sonrası Kalite Özellikleri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3): 361-368.
  • Kara, K., Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B., Baytok, E., Şentürk, M. 2016. Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1): 303-310.
  • Lachman, J., Hejtmankova, A., Taborsky, J., Kotikova, Z., Pivec, V., Stralkova, R., Vollmannova, A., Bojnanska, T., Dedina, M. 2015. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid composition in the seed of grapevine varieties. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 63: 620-625.
  • Mccarthy, M.G., Cirami, R.M., Furkaliev, D.G. 1997. Rootstock response of Shiraz (Vitis vinifera) grapevines to dry and drip-irrigated conditions. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3: 95-98.
  • Matthaus, B. 2008. Virgin grape seed oil: Is it really a nutritional highlight? Eur. J. Lipid Sci., 110: 645-650.
  • Mironeasa, S., Leahu, A., Codina, G.G., Gabriel Stroe, S., Mironeasa, C. 2010. Grape Seed: physico-chemical, structural characteristics and oil content. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 16(1): 1-6.
  • Ohnishi, M., Hirose, S., Kawaguchi, M., Ito, S., Fujino, Y. 1990. Chemical Composition of Lipids, Especially Triacylglycerol, in Grape Seeds. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54(4): 1035-1042.
  • OIV, 2019. International Organisation of Vine and Wine Official Website. Grape production. http://www.oiv.int/en/statistiques/recherche (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2019).
  • Oomah, B.D., Liang, J., Godfrey, D., Mazza, G. 1998. Microwave Heating of Grapeseed: Effect on Oil Quality. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46: 4017-4021.
  • Özkaya, A., Bakır, C., Şahin, Y., Uzun, K. 2014. Adıyaman’da Güneşte Kurutulan Üzüm ve İşlenmiş Kuru Üzümlerin Yağ Asitlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1): 18-26.
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  • Rababah, T.M., Ereifej, K.I., Al-Mahasneh, M.A., Ismaeal, K., Hidar, A.G., Yang, W. 2008. International Journal of Food Properties, 11: 472-479.
  • Rabak, F. 1921. Grape-Seed Oil. The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 13(10): 919-921.
  • Rubio, M., Alvarez-Orti, M., Alvarruiz, A., Fernandes, E., Pardo, J.E. 2009. Characterization of Oil Obtained from Grape Seeds Collected during Berry Development. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(7): 2812-2815.
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  • Santos, L.P., Morais, D.R., Souza, N.E., Cottica, S.M., Boroski, M., Visentainer, J.V. 2011. Food Research International, 44: 1414-1418.
  • Serra, I., Strever, A., Myburgh, P.A., Deloire, A. 2014. The interaction between rootstocks and cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) to enhance drought tolerance in grapevine. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 20: 1-14.
  • Singh, C.K., Liu, X., Ahmad, N. 2015. Resveratrol, in its natural combination in whole grape, for health promotion and disease management. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1348(2015): 150–160.
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Determination of Some Seed Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Table Grape Genotypes Grown on Different Rootstocks in Semi-Arid Climate Conditions

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 73 - 86, 25.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.679913

Abstract

Although it has been known for a long time that grape seeds have a significant oil content, commercial production of grape seed oil has only become widespread in recent years. Although, the studies examining the fatty acid compositions and characteristics of seeds on different grape varieties are common in the literature; research on the effects of rootstock used in the vineyard on them is limited. In this study; some seed characteristics and fatty acid compositions of table grape varieties (Red Globe, Trakya İlkeren, Ata Sarısı, Hatun Parmağı, Horoz Karası) grafted on different rootstocks (1103 P and 110 R) were investigated. It was found that the number of seeds per 1 kg, seed moisture and protein content of seeds was vary by the rootstock, but seed sizes, total oil content, ash amount and seed weight not affected by them. However, it was revealed that these characteristics generally vary depending on the grape genotype. In addition, the highest oil content was found in Ata Sarısı (16.30% w/w) which grafted onto 1103 P rootstock. Linoleic acid (C18: 2n-6) was found to be the highest amount of fatty acid in all cultivars and it was respectively followed by Oleic (C18:1), Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0) and Butyric (C4:0) acids. The highest Linoleic acid content (67.97%) was found in Trakya İlkeren variety grafted onto 1103 P rootstock. Also, it was revealed that rootstocks had a limited effect on fatty acid compositions of grape seeds but varieties had an absolute effect on them.

References

  • Ağaoğlu, Y.S. 1999. Bilimsel ve Uygulamalı Bağcılık Cilt:1 Asma Biyolojisi. Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları No:1, Ankara, 205s.
  • Ağaoğlu, Y.S. 2002. Bilimsel ve Uygulamalı Bağcılık Cilt:2 Asma Fizyolojisi-I. Kavaklıdere Eğitim Yayınları, No:5, Ankara, 445s.
  • Akın., A., Altındişli, A. 2010. Emir, Gök Üzüm ve Kara Dimrit Çeşitlerinin Çekirdek Yağlarının Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu ve Fenolik Madde İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi. Akademik Gıda, 8(6): 19-23.
  • Asadi, F., Shahriari, A., Chahardah-Cheric, M. 2010. Effect of long-term optional ingestion of canola oil, grape seed oil, corn oil and yoğurt butter on serum, muscle and liver cholesterol status in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 2454-2457.
  • Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Murali, G., Panneerselvam, C. 2005. Age-related oxidative protein damages in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grape seed extract. Int. J. Devl. Neuroscience, 23: 501-507.
  • Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Murali, G., Panneerselvam, C. 2006. Modulatory role of grape seed extract on age-related oxidative DNA damage in central nervous system of rats. Brain Research Bulletin, 68: 469-473.
  • Bashimov, G. 2017. Türkiye’de Üzüm Üretimi ve İhracat Performansı. U. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(2): 57-68.
  • Bekar, T. 2016. Bağcılıkta Atık Teknolojisi. Iğdır Üni. Fen Bilimleri Enst. Der., 6(1): 17-24.
  • Beveridge, T.H.J., Girard, B., Kopp, T., Drover, J.C.G. 2005. Yield and Composition of Grape Seed Oils Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Petroleum Ether: Varietal Effects. J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(5): 1799-1804.
  • Canbay, H.S., Bardakçı, B. 2011. Determination of Fatty Acid, C, H, N and Trace Element Composition in Grape Seed by GC/MS, FTIR, Elemental Analyzer and ICP/OES. SDU Journal of Science (E-Journal), 6(2): 140-148.
  • Crews, C., Hough, P., Godward, J., Brereton, P., Lees, M., Guiet, S., Winkelmann, W. 2006. Quantitation of the Main Constituents of Some Authentic Grape-Seed Oils of Different Origin. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54(17): 6261-6265.
  • Çelik, H., Kunter, B., Söylemezoğlu, G., Ergül, A., Çelik, H., Karataş, H., Özdemir, G., Atak, A. 2010. Bağcılığın Geliştirilmesi Yöntemleri ve Üretim Hedefleri. TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-1. 11-15 Ocak, Ankara, s.493-513.
  • Çetin, A. 2010. İyileştirir, Güzelleştirir Üzüm. Hayykitap, Genel Yayın No:117. Tabiattan Gelen Şifa Serisi No:2, İstanbul, 192s.
  • Demirtas, I., Pelvan, E., Özdemir, İ.S., Alasalvar, C., Ertas, E. 2013. Lipid characteristics and phenolics of native grape seed oils grown in Turkey. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 115: 641-647.
  • El-Shami, S.M., El-Mallah, M.H., Mohamed, S.S. 1992. Studies on the lipid constituents of grape seeds recovered from pomace resulting from White grape processing. Grasas y Aceites, 43(3): 157-160.
  • FAO, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Official Website. Grape production. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2019).
  • Feng, Y., Liu, Y.M., Leblanc, M.H., Bhatt, A.J., Rhodes, P.G. 2007. Grape Seed Extract Given Three Hours After Injury Suppresses Lipid Peroxidation and Reduces Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats. Pediatric Research, 61(3): 295-300.
  • Fernandes, L., Casal, S., Cruz, R., Pereira, J.A., Ramalhosa, E. 2013. Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Research International, 50: 161-166.
  • Garavaglia, J., Markoski, M.M., Oliveira, A., Marcadenti, A. 2016. Grape Seed Oil Compounds: Biological and Chemical Actions for Health. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 2016(9): 59-64.
  • Gök Tangolar, S., Özoğul, Y., Tangolar, S., Torun, A. 2009. Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60(1), 32-39.
  • Göktürk Baydar, N., Akkurt, M. 2001. Oil Content and Oil Quality Properties of Some Grape Seeds. Turk. J. Agric. For., 25: 163-168.
  • Göktürk Baydar, N., Özkan, G., Çetin, E.S. 2007. Characterization of grape seed and pomace oil extracts. Grasas y Aceities, 58(1): 29-33.
  • Hajati, H., Hassanabadi, A., Golian, A., Nassiri-Moghaddam, M., Nassiri, M.R. 2015. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Vitamin C Feed Supplementation on Some Blood Parameters and HSP70 Gene Expression of Broiler Chickens Suffering from Chronic Heat Stress. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 14(3): 3273-3281.
  • Kaçar, B. 1972. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri: II Bitki Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No:453. Ankara, 464s.
  • Kamal-Eldin, A., Andersson, R. 1997. A Multivariate Study of the Correlation Between Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Vegetable Oils. JAOCS, 74(4): 375-380.
  • Kamel, B.S., Dawson, H., Kakuda, Y. 1985. Characteristics and Composition of Melon and Grape Seed Oils and Cakes. JAOCS, 62(5): 881-883.
  • Kamiloğlu, Ö., Üstün, D. 2014. Bazı Şaraplık Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Hasat Sonrası Kalite Özellikleri. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(3): 361-368.
  • Kara, K., Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B., Baytok, E., Şentürk, M. 2016. Effects of grape pomace supplementation to laying hen diet on performance, egg quality, egg lipid peroxidation and some biochemical parameters. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1): 303-310.
  • Lachman, J., Hejtmankova, A., Taborsky, J., Kotikova, Z., Pivec, V., Stralkova, R., Vollmannova, A., Bojnanska, T., Dedina, M. 2015. Evaluation of oil content and fatty acid composition in the seed of grapevine varieties. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 63: 620-625.
  • Mccarthy, M.G., Cirami, R.M., Furkaliev, D.G. 1997. Rootstock response of Shiraz (Vitis vinifera) grapevines to dry and drip-irrigated conditions. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 3: 95-98.
  • Matthaus, B. 2008. Virgin grape seed oil: Is it really a nutritional highlight? Eur. J. Lipid Sci., 110: 645-650.
  • Mironeasa, S., Leahu, A., Codina, G.G., Gabriel Stroe, S., Mironeasa, C. 2010. Grape Seed: physico-chemical, structural characteristics and oil content. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies, 16(1): 1-6.
  • Ohnishi, M., Hirose, S., Kawaguchi, M., Ito, S., Fujino, Y. 1990. Chemical Composition of Lipids, Especially Triacylglycerol, in Grape Seeds. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54(4): 1035-1042.
  • OIV, 2019. International Organisation of Vine and Wine Official Website. Grape production. http://www.oiv.int/en/statistiques/recherche (Erişim tarihi: 25.09.2019).
  • Oomah, B.D., Liang, J., Godfrey, D., Mazza, G. 1998. Microwave Heating of Grapeseed: Effect on Oil Quality. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46: 4017-4021.
  • Özkaya, A., Bakır, C., Şahin, Y., Uzun, K. 2014. Adıyaman’da Güneşte Kurutulan Üzüm ve İşlenmiş Kuru Üzümlerin Yağ Asitlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1): 18-26.
  • Pardo, J.E., Fernandes, E., Rubio, M., Alvarruiz, A., Alonso, G.L. 2009. Characterization of grape seed oil from different grape varieties (Vitis vinifera). Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 111: 188-193.
  • Rababah, T.M., Ereifej, K.I., Al-Mahasneh, M.A., Ismaeal, K., Hidar, A.G., Yang, W. 2008. International Journal of Food Properties, 11: 472-479.
  • Rabak, F. 1921. Grape-Seed Oil. The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 13(10): 919-921.
  • Rubio, M., Alvarez-Orti, M., Alvarruiz, A., Fernandes, E., Pardo, J.E. 2009. Characterization of Oil Obtained from Grape Seeds Collected during Berry Development. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(7): 2812-2815.
  • Sabir, A., Unver, A., Kara, Z. 2012. The fatty acid and tocopherol constituents of the seed oil extracted from 21 grape varieties (Vitis ssp.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 92: 1982-1987.
  • Sağdıçoğlu, H. 2018. Investigation of Different Quality Parameters of Some Grapes in Sanliurfa Conditions. MSc, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
  • Santos, L.P., Morais, D.R., Souza, N.E., Cottica, S.M., Boroski, M., Visentainer, J.V. 2011. Food Research International, 44: 1414-1418.
  • Serra, I., Strever, A., Myburgh, P.A., Deloire, A. 2014. The interaction between rootstocks and cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) to enhance drought tolerance in grapevine. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 20: 1-14.
  • Singh, C.K., Liu, X., Ahmad, N. 2015. Resveratrol, in its natural combination in whole grape, for health promotion and disease management. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1348(2015): 150–160.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

M. İlhan Odabaşıoğlu

Sadettin Gürsöz This is me

Publication Date January 25, 2020
Submission Date October 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Odabaşıoğlu, M. İ., & Gürsöz, S. (2020). Yarı Kurak İklim Koşullarında Farklı Anaçlar Üzerinde Yetiştirilen Sofralık Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Bazı Çekirdek Özellikleri ile Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.679913