Abstract
Maize is the most cultivated plant for silage making in all over the World due to its many advantages such as producing high yield, suitable for mechanization and easy to ensile. However, the most important shortcoming property of maize silage is insufficiency of protein content. This study was planned for resolving this problem to a certain extent by growing maize with legume in the field as intercrop without any decrease in maize stand. Silage pH was significantly decreased in all intercropping patterns, regardless to legume, compared to sole maize, however, all pH values were enough low indicating a sufficient fermentation has occurred in the silo. Intercropping maize with soybean increased dry matter recovery (DMR), dry matter intake (DMI) and relative feed value (RFV) compared to sole crop maize. The NDF values of intercropped maize were better than that of pure maize resulting increases in DMI. Intercropping maize with any legumes caused an increase in crude protein (CP) content.
Keywords
References
- Armstrong, K.L., Albrecht, K.A., Lauer, J.G. 2008. Intercropping corn with lablab bean, velvet bean, and scarlet runner bean for forage. Crop Sci 48(1): 371-379.
- Azim., A., Khan, A.G., Nadeem, M.A., Muhammad, D. 2000. Influence of Maize and Cowpea Intercropping on Fodder Production and Characteristics of Silage. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 13(6): 781-784.
- Carruthers, K., Prithiviraj, B., Cloutier, Q., Fe. D., Martin, R.C., Smith, D. L. 2000. Intercropping of Corn with Soybean\ Lupin and Forages] Silage Yield and Quality. J. Agronomy and Crop Science 074\ 066-074.
- Costa, P.M., Villela, S.D.J., Leonel, F.D.P., Araújo, K.G., Ruas, J.R.M., Coelho, F.S., Andrade, V.R. 2012. Intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and leguminous plants: productivity, quality and composition of silages. Rev. Bras. Zootecn. 41:2144-2149.
- Dawo, M.I., Wilkinson, J.M., Sanders, F.E.T., Pilbeam, D.J. 2007. The yield and quality of fresh and ensiled plant material from intercropped maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Food and Agriculture. 87:1391-1399.
- Geren, H., Avcioglu, R., Soya, H., Kır, B. 2008. Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(22):4100-4104.
- Javanmard, A., Nasab, A.D.M., Javanshir, A., Moghaddam, M., Janmohammadi, H. 2009. Forage yield and quality in intercropping of maize with different legumes as double cropped. J Food Agric Environ 7:163–166.
- Kizilsimsek, M., Mokhtari, N.E.P., Erol, An., Öztürk, Ç., Gürkan, L. 2016. Laktik asit üretme yeteneklerinin yüksek olduğu bilinen izolatların mısır silajının in vitro gaz üretim değerleri ve yem kalitesi özelliklerine etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 25 (Ozel sayı-2): 285-288.
- Martin, R.C., Voldeng, H.C., Smith, D.L. 1990. Intercropping corn and soybean in a cool temperate region. Yield, protein and economic benefits. Field Crops Res. 12:184-209.
- Martin, R.C., Aststkie, T., Cooper, J.M. 1998. The effect of soybean variety on corn-soybean intercrop biomass and protein yields. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78(2):289-294.
- Nurk, L., Graβ, R., Pekrun, C., Wachendorf, M. 2017. Methane Yield and Feed Quality Parameters of Mixed Silages from Maize (Zea mays L.) and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bioeng. Res. 10:64-73.
- Putnam, D.H., Herbert, S.J., Vargas, A. 1986. Intercropped corn-soyabean density studies. II. Yield composition and protein. Exp. Agric.11:262-270.
- Sánchez R.G.D., Silva, J.T.E., Gil, A.P., Corona, J.S.S., Wong, J.A.C., Mascorron, A. 2010. Forage yield and quality of intercropped corn and soybean in narrow strips. Span J Agric Res 8:713-721.
- Serbester, U., Akkaya, M.R., Yucel, C., Gorgulu, M. 2015. Comparison of yield, nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercropped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 14:66-71.
- Stoltz, E., Nadaeu, E., Wallenhammar, A.C. 2013. Intercropping maize and faba bean for silage under Swedish climate conditions. Agric. Res. 2 (1):90-97.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.D., Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3597.
Abstract
Mısır bitkisi yüksek verimliliği, mekanizasyona uygunluğu ve silolanmasının kolay olması gibi birçok avantajları nedeniyle dünyanın her yerinde silaj amacıyla en fazla yetiştirilen bitkidir. Bununla birlikte, mısır bitkisinin en önemli dezavantajı, yetersiz protein içeriğidir. Bu çalışma, mısır bitki sıklığını azaltmadan, karışım halinde bazı baklagil bitkilerini (maş fasülyesi, sırık fasülye, börülce ve soya) de yetiştirerek, bu sorunu belli ölçüde çözmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada saf mısır ve karışımlar, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında yetiştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, baklagil bitki türüne bakılmaksızın tüm birlikte üretim sistemlerinde silaj pH değerinin saf mısıra göre önemli derecede arttığı, bununla birlikte, tüm pH değerlerinin silo içerisinde iyi bir fermentasyonu işaret edecek şekilde yeteri kadar düştüğü görülmüştür. Mısırın soya fasulyesi ile birlikte yetiştirilmesinin, saf mısıra göre, kuru madde korunumunu, kuru madde tüketimini ve oransal yem değerini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Birlikte üretimden elde edilen NDF değerlerinin saf mısır değerlerine göre daha düşük olduğu ve kuru madde tüketimini olumlu etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Mısır bitkisini herhangi bir baklagil ile birlikte yetiştirmenin ham protein içeriğinde artışlara neden olduğu saptanmıştır.
Keywords
References
- Armstrong, K.L., Albrecht, K.A., Lauer, J.G. 2008. Intercropping corn with lablab bean, velvet bean, and scarlet runner bean for forage. Crop Sci 48(1): 371-379.
- Azim., A., Khan, A.G., Nadeem, M.A., Muhammad, D. 2000. Influence of Maize and Cowpea Intercropping on Fodder Production and Characteristics of Silage. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 13(6): 781-784.
- Carruthers, K., Prithiviraj, B., Cloutier, Q., Fe. D., Martin, R.C., Smith, D. L. 2000. Intercropping of Corn with Soybean\ Lupin and Forages] Silage Yield and Quality. J. Agronomy and Crop Science 074\ 066-074.
- Costa, P.M., Villela, S.D.J., Leonel, F.D.P., Araújo, K.G., Ruas, J.R.M., Coelho, F.S., Andrade, V.R. 2012. Intercropping of corn, brachiaria grass and leguminous plants: productivity, quality and composition of silages. Rev. Bras. Zootecn. 41:2144-2149.
- Dawo, M.I., Wilkinson, J.M., Sanders, F.E.T., Pilbeam, D.J. 2007. The yield and quality of fresh and ensiled plant material from intercropped maize (Zea mays) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of Food and Agriculture. 87:1391-1399.
- Geren, H., Avcioglu, R., Soya, H., Kır, B. 2008. Intercropping of corn with cowpea and bean: Biomass yield and silage quality. African Journal of Biotechnology. 7(22):4100-4104.
- Javanmard, A., Nasab, A.D.M., Javanshir, A., Moghaddam, M., Janmohammadi, H. 2009. Forage yield and quality in intercropping of maize with different legumes as double cropped. J Food Agric Environ 7:163–166.
- Kizilsimsek, M., Mokhtari, N.E.P., Erol, An., Öztürk, Ç., Gürkan, L. 2016. Laktik asit üretme yeteneklerinin yüksek olduğu bilinen izolatların mısır silajının in vitro gaz üretim değerleri ve yem kalitesi özelliklerine etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 25 (Ozel sayı-2): 285-288.
- Martin, R.C., Voldeng, H.C., Smith, D.L. 1990. Intercropping corn and soybean in a cool temperate region. Yield, protein and economic benefits. Field Crops Res. 12:184-209.
- Martin, R.C., Aststkie, T., Cooper, J.M. 1998. The effect of soybean variety on corn-soybean intercrop biomass and protein yields. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78(2):289-294.
- Nurk, L., Graβ, R., Pekrun, C., Wachendorf, M. 2017. Methane Yield and Feed Quality Parameters of Mixed Silages from Maize (Zea mays L.) and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Bioeng. Res. 10:64-73.
- Putnam, D.H., Herbert, S.J., Vargas, A. 1986. Intercropped corn-soyabean density studies. II. Yield composition and protein. Exp. Agric.11:262-270.
- Sánchez R.G.D., Silva, J.T.E., Gil, A.P., Corona, J.S.S., Wong, J.A.C., Mascorron, A. 2010. Forage yield and quality of intercropped corn and soybean in narrow strips. Span J Agric Res 8:713-721.
- Serbester, U., Akkaya, M.R., Yucel, C., Gorgulu, M. 2015. Comparison of yield, nutritive value and in vitro digestibility of monocrop and intercropped corn-soybean silages cut at two maturity stages. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 14:66-71.
- Stoltz, E., Nadaeu, E., Wallenhammar, A.C. 2013. Intercropping maize and faba bean for silage under Swedish climate conditions. Agric. Res. 2 (1):90-97.
- Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.D., Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal Nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583-3597.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | January 25, 2020 |
| Submission Date | November 20, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 |
