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Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 14 - 27, 30.12.2023

Hülya Yılmaz Önal Burçe Özgenç Begüm Pulat Yaren Zortuk Sinem Ayşe Çokokur Kardelen Yoldaş Betül Koçak Müveddet Emel Alphan

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1381385

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 döneminde kentsel ve kırsal kesimlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını ve bu alışkanlıkları etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Nisan-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilen bu tanımlayıcı kesitsel çalışma, çevrimiçi olarak 385 kırsal ve 385 kentsel kesimde yaşayan toplam 770 kişi ile yürütülmüştür.
Bulgular: Kırsaldan kente doğru Akdeniz diyet skorları 1,14 birim azalmıştır (β=-1,14±0,39, P=0,003). Akdeniz diyet skoru, kentsel bölgede yaşayan bireylerde (28,07±4,74) , kırsal bölgede yaşayan bireylere göre daha düşük (29,73±5,4) olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0,001). COVID-19 geçirme oranı kırsala (%18,4) kıyasla kentsel (%24,2) yaşam alanında daha yüksektir (p=0,058). Akdeniz diyet skoru puanları, bekarlarda evlilere göre 1,37 puan daha düşüktür, evli bireylerin Akdeniz diyetine daha yüksek uyum sağladığı görülmüştür (β=-1,369±0,39, P=0,001). Ayrıca, kentsel bölgede yaşayan bireylerin kronik hastalık sıklığının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, kırsal ile kentsel bölgelerde yaşayan bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıkları arasında farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Kırsal ve kentsel bölgeler arasındaki beslenme farklılıkları ve sağlık durumuna odaklanarak, yerel hükümetler, sağlık kuruluşları ve sivil toplum kuruluşları işbirliği yaparak beslenme farkındalığını artıracak ve toplum sağlığını iyileştirecek projeler ve eğitimler geliştirmelidir.

Keywords

Akdeniz diyeti Beslenme Davranışı Covid-19 Kent Popülasyonu Kırsal Popülasyon

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Thanks

Proje desteği veren TÜBİTAK’a ve çalışmaya katılan tüm katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Referans1 Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(4):401-2.
  • Referans2 WHO. WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. 2020.
  • Referans3 WHO. WHO timeline-Covid-19. 2020. 2020.
  • Referans4 Ahmed HO. The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate-Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study. Annals of medicine and surgery. 2020;59:110-7.
  • Referans5 Błaszczyk-Bębenek E, Jagielski P, Bolesławska I, Jagielska A, Nitsch-Osuch A, Kawalec P. Nutrition behaviors in Polish adults before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3084.
  • Referans6 Laviano A, Koverech A, Zanetti M. Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif). 2020;74:110834.
  • Referans7 Janssen M, Chang BP, Hristov H, Pravst I, Profeta A, Millard J. Changes in food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of consumer survey data from the first lockdown period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;8:60.
  • Referans8 Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, et al. Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562.
  • Referans9 Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current state of evidence: influence of nutritional and nutrigenetic factors on immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738.
  • Referans10 Sofi F. The Mediterranean diet revisited: evidence of its effectiveness grows. Current opinion in cardiology. 2009;24(5):442-6.
  • Referans11 Vitale M, Masulli M, Calabrese I, Rivellese AA, Bonora E, Signorini S, et al. Impact of a Mediterranean dietary pattern and its components on cardiovascular risk factors, glucose control, and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes: a real-life study. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1067.
  • Referans12 Anania C, Perla FM, Olivero F, Pacifico L, Chiesa C. Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World journal of gastroenterology. 2018;24(19):2083-94.
  • Referans13 Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Bonanni A, Costanzo S, De Lucia F, Pounis G, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better health-related quality of life: a possible role of high dietary antioxidant content. BMJ open. 2013;3(8):e003003.
  • Referans14 Belanger MJ, Hill MA, Angelidi AM, Dalamaga M, Sowers JR, Mantzoros CS. Covid-19 and disparities in nutrition and obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(11):e69.
  • Referans15 Vilar-Compte M, Burrola-Méndez S, Lozano-Marrufo A, Ferré-Eguiluz I, Flores D, Gaitán-Rossi P, et al. Urban poverty and nutrition challenges associated with accessibility to a healthy diet: a global systematic literature review. International journal for equity in health. 2021;20(1):1-19.
  • Referans16 Keding G. Nutrition transition in rural Tanzania and Kenya. Hidden Hunger. 2016;115:68-81. Referans17 Kalkuz Ş. Edirne il merkezinde yaşayan yetişkinlerin Akdeniz diyet skoru ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi: Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2019.
  • Referans18 Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Dietary patterns: a Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2006;16(8):559-68.
  • Referans19 Bayram S, Diyeti ANA, editors. Akdeniz Diyet Kalitesinin ölçümünde sıklıkla kullanılan indeksler. İçinde: Karaman MR, Artık N, Şanlıer N, editörler International Eurasian Congress on" Natural Nutrition and Healthy Life.
  • Referans20 Carter P, Anderson M, Mossialos E. Health system, public health, and economic implications of managing COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective. Oxford University Press; 2020.
  • Referans21 Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International journal of social psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-20.
  • Referans22 Zhu Q, Li M, Ji Y, Shi Y, Zhou J, Li Q, et al. “Stay-at-Home” lifestyle effect on weight gain during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(4):1813.
  • Referans23 Schoeller DA. The effect of holiday weight gain on body weight. Physiology & behavior. 2014;134:66-9.
  • Referans24 Bhutani S, Wells N, Finlayson G, Schoeller DA. Change in eating pattern as a contributor to energy intake and weight gain during the winter holiday period in obese adults. International journal of obesity. 2020;44(7):1586-95.
  • Referans25 Cooper JA, Tokar T. A prospective study on vacation weight gain in adults. Physiology & behavior. 2016;156:43-7.
  • Referans26 Hardin-Fanning F. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet in a rural Appalachian food desert. Rural and remote health. 2013;13(1):[215]-[24].
  • Referans27 Kyprianidou M, Panagiotakos D, Faka A, Kambanaros M, Makris KC, Christophi CA. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cyprus and its relationship to multi-morbidity: An epidemiological study. Public Health Nutrition. 2021;24(14):4546-55.
  • Referans28 Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernández-Martínez A, Porcel-Gálvez A-M, Moral-García J-E, Martínez-López EJ. Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2013;28(4):1129-35.
  • Referans29 Grosso G, Marventano S, Giorgianni G, Raciti T, Galvano F, Mistretta A. Mediterranean diet adherence rates in Sicily, southern Italy. Public Health Nutrition. 2014;17(9):2001-9.
  • Referans30 Hjartåker A, Lund E. Relationship between dietary habits, age, lifestyle, and socio-economic status among adult Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998;52(8):565-72.
  • Referans31 Moreno LA, Sarría A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition in Spain: a European Mediterranean country. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2002;56(10):992-1003.
  • Referans32 Katsarou A, Tyrovolas S, Psaltopoulou T, Zeimbekis A, Tsakountakis N, Bountziouka V, et al. Socio-economic status, place of residence and dietary habits among the elderly: the Mediterranean islands study. Public health nutrition. 2010;13(10):1614-21.
  • Referans33 del Mar Bibiloni M, Martínez E, Llull R, Pons A, Tur JA. Western and Mediterranean dietary patterns among Balearic Islands’ adolescents: socio-economic and lifestyle determinants. Public health nutrition. 2012;15(4):683-92.
  • Referans34 Melby CL, Orozco F, Ochoa D, Muquinche M, Padro M, Munoz FN. Nutrition and physical activity transitions in the Ecuadorian Andes: Differences among urban and rural‐dwelling women. American Journal of Human Biology. 2017;29(4):e22986.
  • Referans35 Olanubi GO, Tomiyama AJ. Social Factors in Diet and Obesity. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology. 2020:649-57.
  • Referans36 Papadaki A, Wood L, Sebire SJ, Jago R. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among employees in South West England: Formative research to inform a web-based, work-place nutrition intervention. Preventive medicine reports. 2015;2:223-8.
  • Referans37 Galbete C, Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H, Schulze MB. Evaluating Mediterranean diet and risk of chronic disease in cohort studies: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. European journal of epidemiology. 2018;33(10):909-31.
  • Referans38 Aridi YS, Walker JL, Roura E, Wright OR. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and chronic disease in Australia: national nutrition and physical activity survey analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1251.
  • Referans39 Carlos S, La Fuente-Arrillaga D, Bes-Rastrollo M, Razquin C, Rico-Campà A, Martínez-González MA, et al. Mediterranean diet and health outcomes in the SUN cohort. Nutrients. 2018;10(4):439.
  • Referans40 Wheaton AG, Cunningham TJ, Ford ES, Croft JB. Employment and activity limitations among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—United States, 2013. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2015;64(11):289-95.
  • Referans41 Massey CN, Appel SJ, Buchanan KL, Cherrington AL. Improving diabetes care in rural communities: an overview of current initiatives and a call for renewed efforts. Clinical Diabetes. 2010;28(1):20-7.

Nutritional Habits of Individuals Living in Urban and Rural Areas During Covid-19

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 14 - 27, 30.12.2023

Hülya Yılmaz Önal Burçe Özgenç Begüm Pulat Yaren Zortuk Sinem Ayşe Çokokur Kardelen Yoldaş Betül Koçak Müveddet Emel Alphan

https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1381385

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the dietary habits of urban and rural areas during the COVID-19 period and the factors influencing these habits.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted online with a total of 770 individuals, 385 from rural areas and 385 from urban areas, between April and May 2021.
Results: The Mediterranean diet scores decreased by 1.14 units from rural to urban areas (β=-1.14±0.39, P=0.003). The Mediterranean diet score was found to be lower in individuals living in urban areas (28.07±4.74) compared to those residing in rural areas (29.73±5.4). The rate of COVID-19 infection was higher in urban (24.2%) compared to rural areas (18.4%) (p=0.058). The scores of the Mediterranean diet were 1.37 units lower in singles compared to married individuals, indicating a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the married (β=-1.369±0.39, P=0.001)). Additionally, a higher frequency of chronic diseases was observed among individuals living in urban areas.
Conclusions: This study indicates differences in dietary habits between individuals residing in rural and urban areas. Focusing on these nutritional disparities and the health status between rural and urban regions, collaborative efforts among local governments, health institutions, and civil society organizations should aim to develop projects and educational programs enhancing nutritional awareness and improving community health.

Keywords

Covid-19 Feeding Behavior Mediterranean Diet Suburban Population Urban Population

References

  • Referans1 Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle. Journal of medical virology. 2020;92(4):401-2.
  • Referans2 WHO. WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. 2020.
  • Referans3 WHO. WHO timeline-Covid-19. 2020. 2020.
  • Referans4 Ahmed HO. The impact of social distancing and self-isolation in the last corona COVID-19 outbreak on the body weight in Sulaimani governorate-Kurdistan/Iraq, a prospective case series study. Annals of medicine and surgery. 2020;59:110-7.
  • Referans5 Błaszczyk-Bębenek E, Jagielski P, Bolesławska I, Jagielska A, Nitsch-Osuch A, Kawalec P. Nutrition behaviors in Polish adults before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3084.
  • Referans6 Laviano A, Koverech A, Zanetti M. Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif). 2020;74:110834.
  • Referans7 Janssen M, Chang BP, Hristov H, Pravst I, Profeta A, Millard J. Changes in food consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of consumer survey data from the first lockdown period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition. 2021;8:60.
  • Referans8 Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, et al. Strengthening the immune system and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through diet and nutrition: considerations during the COVID-19 crisis. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1562.
  • Referans9 Galmés S, Serra F, Palou A. Current state of evidence: influence of nutritional and nutrigenetic factors on immunity in the COVID-19 pandemic framework. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2738.
  • Referans10 Sofi F. The Mediterranean diet revisited: evidence of its effectiveness grows. Current opinion in cardiology. 2009;24(5):442-6.
  • Referans11 Vitale M, Masulli M, Calabrese I, Rivellese AA, Bonora E, Signorini S, et al. Impact of a Mediterranean dietary pattern and its components on cardiovascular risk factors, glucose control, and body weight in people with type 2 diabetes: a real-life study. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1067.
  • Referans12 Anania C, Perla FM, Olivero F, Pacifico L, Chiesa C. Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World journal of gastroenterology. 2018;24(19):2083-94.
  • Referans13 Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Bonanni A, Costanzo S, De Lucia F, Pounis G, et al. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a better health-related quality of life: a possible role of high dietary antioxidant content. BMJ open. 2013;3(8):e003003.
  • Referans14 Belanger MJ, Hill MA, Angelidi AM, Dalamaga M, Sowers JR, Mantzoros CS. Covid-19 and disparities in nutrition and obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(11):e69.
  • Referans15 Vilar-Compte M, Burrola-Méndez S, Lozano-Marrufo A, Ferré-Eguiluz I, Flores D, Gaitán-Rossi P, et al. Urban poverty and nutrition challenges associated with accessibility to a healthy diet: a global systematic literature review. International journal for equity in health. 2021;20(1):1-19.
  • Referans16 Keding G. Nutrition transition in rural Tanzania and Kenya. Hidden Hunger. 2016;115:68-81. Referans17 Kalkuz Ş. Edirne il merkezinde yaşayan yetişkinlerin Akdeniz diyet skoru ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi: Trakya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2019.
  • Referans18 Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Dietary patterns: a Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2006;16(8):559-68.
  • Referans19 Bayram S, Diyeti ANA, editors. Akdeniz Diyet Kalitesinin ölçümünde sıklıkla kullanılan indeksler. İçinde: Karaman MR, Artık N, Şanlıer N, editörler International Eurasian Congress on" Natural Nutrition and Healthy Life.
  • Referans20 Carter P, Anderson M, Mossialos E. Health system, public health, and economic implications of managing COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective. Oxford University Press; 2020.
  • Referans21 Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International journal of social psychiatry. 2020;66(4):317-20.
  • Referans22 Zhu Q, Li M, Ji Y, Shi Y, Zhou J, Li Q, et al. “Stay-at-Home” lifestyle effect on weight gain during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(4):1813.
  • Referans23 Schoeller DA. The effect of holiday weight gain on body weight. Physiology & behavior. 2014;134:66-9.
  • Referans24 Bhutani S, Wells N, Finlayson G, Schoeller DA. Change in eating pattern as a contributor to energy intake and weight gain during the winter holiday period in obese adults. International journal of obesity. 2020;44(7):1586-95.
  • Referans25 Cooper JA, Tokar T. A prospective study on vacation weight gain in adults. Physiology & behavior. 2016;156:43-7.
  • Referans26 Hardin-Fanning F. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet in a rural Appalachian food desert. Rural and remote health. 2013;13(1):[215]-[24].
  • Referans27 Kyprianidou M, Panagiotakos D, Faka A, Kambanaros M, Makris KC, Christophi CA. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Cyprus and its relationship to multi-morbidity: An epidemiological study. Public Health Nutrition. 2021;24(14):4546-55.
  • Referans28 Grao-Cruces A, Nuviala A, Fernández-Martínez A, Porcel-Gálvez A-M, Moral-García J-E, Martínez-López EJ. Adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en adolescentes rurales y urbanos del sur de España, satisfacción con la vida, antropometría y actividades físicas y sedentarias. Nutrición Hospitalaria. 2013;28(4):1129-35.
  • Referans29 Grosso G, Marventano S, Giorgianni G, Raciti T, Galvano F, Mistretta A. Mediterranean diet adherence rates in Sicily, southern Italy. Public Health Nutrition. 2014;17(9):2001-9.
  • Referans30 Hjartåker A, Lund E. Relationship between dietary habits, age, lifestyle, and socio-economic status among adult Norwegian women. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1998;52(8):565-72.
  • Referans31 Moreno LA, Sarría A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition in Spain: a European Mediterranean country. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2002;56(10):992-1003.
  • Referans32 Katsarou A, Tyrovolas S, Psaltopoulou T, Zeimbekis A, Tsakountakis N, Bountziouka V, et al. Socio-economic status, place of residence and dietary habits among the elderly: the Mediterranean islands study. Public health nutrition. 2010;13(10):1614-21.
  • Referans33 del Mar Bibiloni M, Martínez E, Llull R, Pons A, Tur JA. Western and Mediterranean dietary patterns among Balearic Islands’ adolescents: socio-economic and lifestyle determinants. Public health nutrition. 2012;15(4):683-92.
  • Referans34 Melby CL, Orozco F, Ochoa D, Muquinche M, Padro M, Munoz FN. Nutrition and physical activity transitions in the Ecuadorian Andes: Differences among urban and rural‐dwelling women. American Journal of Human Biology. 2017;29(4):e22986.
  • Referans35 Olanubi GO, Tomiyama AJ. Social Factors in Diet and Obesity. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology. 2020:649-57.
  • Referans36 Papadaki A, Wood L, Sebire SJ, Jago R. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among employees in South West England: Formative research to inform a web-based, work-place nutrition intervention. Preventive medicine reports. 2015;2:223-8.
  • Referans37 Galbete C, Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Boeing H, Schulze MB. Evaluating Mediterranean diet and risk of chronic disease in cohort studies: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. European journal of epidemiology. 2018;33(10):909-31.
  • Referans38 Aridi YS, Walker JL, Roura E, Wright OR. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and chronic disease in Australia: national nutrition and physical activity survey analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1251.
  • Referans39 Carlos S, La Fuente-Arrillaga D, Bes-Rastrollo M, Razquin C, Rico-Campà A, Martínez-González MA, et al. Mediterranean diet and health outcomes in the SUN cohort. Nutrients. 2018;10(4):439.
  • Referans40 Wheaton AG, Cunningham TJ, Ford ES, Croft JB. Employment and activity limitations among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—United States, 2013. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2015;64(11):289-95.
  • Referans41 Massey CN, Appel SJ, Buchanan KL, Cherrington AL. Improving diabetes care in rural communities: an overview of current initiatives and a call for renewed efforts. Clinical Diabetes. 2010;28(1):20-7.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Health Nutrition
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hülya Yılmaz Önal 0000-0001-8424-2661

Burçe Özgenç 0000-0002-6630-6067

Begüm Pulat 0000-0001-9982-3207

Yaren Zortuk 0000-0002-5084-6229

Sinem Ayşe Çokokur 0000-0002-7073-315X

Kardelen Yoldaş 0000-0001-9632-9908

Betül Koçak 0000-0003-3664-9066

Müveddet Emel Alphan 0000-0002-9702-1881

Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date October 25, 2023
Acceptance Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmaz Önal, H., Özgenç, B., Pulat, B., Zortuk, Y., et al. (2023). Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1381385
AMA Yılmaz Önal H, Özgenç B, Pulat B, Zortuk Y, Çokokur SA, Yoldaş K, Koçak B, Alphan ME. Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. December 2023;6(3):14-27. doi:10.51536/tusbad.1381385
Chicago Yılmaz Önal, Hülya, Burçe Özgenç, Begüm Pulat, Yaren Zortuk, Sinem Ayşe Çokokur, Kardelen Yoldaş, Betül Koçak, and Müveddet Emel Alphan. “Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, no. 3 (December 2023): 14-27. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1381385.
EndNote Yılmaz Önal H, Özgenç B, Pulat B, Zortuk Y, Çokokur SA, Yoldaş K, Koçak B, Alphan ME (December 1, 2023) Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6 3 14–27.
IEEE H. Yılmaz Önal, “Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları”, Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 14–27, 2023, doi: 10.51536/tusbad.1381385.
ISNAD Yılmaz Önal, Hülya et al. “Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/3 (December 2023), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1381385.
JAMA Yılmaz Önal H, Özgenç B, Pulat B, Zortuk Y, Çokokur SA, Yoldaş K, Koçak B, Alphan ME. Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2023;6:14–27.
MLA Yılmaz Önal, Hülya et al. “Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları”. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri Ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 14-27, doi:10.51536/tusbad.1381385.
Vancouver Yılmaz Önal H, Özgenç B, Pulat B, Zortuk Y, Çokokur SA, Yoldaş K, Koçak B, Alphan ME. Covid-19 Döneminde Kentsel Ve Kırsal Alanlarda Yaşayan Bireylerin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2023;6(3):14-27.
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