Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Determination of Some Pomological Features of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Native to Sarıkamış (Kars), Turkey

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 268 - 273, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.433502

Abstract

This study
was carried out to evaluate some physical and chemical properties of wild
bilberry fruits collected from Sarıkamış forest of Kars province in Eastern
Anatolia Region of Turkey. For this purpose, berry width, berry length, berry
weight, pH, titratable acidity content (TAC), soluble solid content (SSC),
taste, aroma, L*, a*, and b* color values were
measured based on 4 replications of 20 fruit samples each from 20 plant
genotypes. The results were interpreted on average values. Average values for
width, length, weight
, pH, TAC, SSC, taste, aroma and  L*, a*, b* color values of berries were found
as: 9.12 mm, 8.02 mm, 5.08 g, 2.22, 2.70%, 7.41%, 2.95, 3.00, 14.88, 1.72 and
0.06, respectively. Range values for the corresponding characteristics were
determined as: 7.55 to 10.37 mm, 6.95 to 9.80 mm, 3.00 to 7.00 g, 2.04 to 2.60
%, 2.40 to 3.00 %, 6.00 to 8.50, 2.00 to 4.00, 13.24 to 16.30, 1.004 to 3.04
and -1.98 to 3.87, respectively (There is no aroma interval between these
values). The current research is a preliminary evaluation for some physical and
chemical characteristics of wild bilberries native to Sarıkamış district.
Consequently, more detailed studies should be conducted on further physical and
chemical characteristics of bilberries for breeding purposes and to gain
baseline knowledge on the flora of Turkey. 

References

  • Bao, L., X.S. Yao, D. Tsi, C.C. Yau, C.S. Chia, H. Nagai and H. Kurihara (2008). Protective effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract on KBrO3-induced kidney damage in mice. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(2): 420-425.
  • Castrejon, A.D.R., I. Eichholz, S. Rohn, L.W. Kroh and S. Huyskens-Keil (2008). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit maturation and ripening. Food Chemistry 109(3): 564-572.
  • Çelik, H., 2003. The researches on the performance of some highbush blueberry cultivars in Rize. First National Kiwi and Bramble Fruits Symposium, Procedings Book: 454-460.
  • Cocetta, G., K. Karppinen, M. Suokas, A. Hohtola, H. Häggman, A. Spinardi, I. Mignani, and L. Jaakola (2012). Ascorbic acid metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development. Journal of Plant Physiology 169(11): 1059-1065.
  • Çelik, H (2008). Yield and berry characteristics of some northern highbush blueberries grown at different altitudes in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae 838: 63-66.
  • Çelik, H (2009). The performance of some northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) varieties in North eastern part of Anatolia. Anatolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24(3): 141-146.
  • Diban, N., A. Urtiaga and I. Ortiz (2007). Recovery of key components of bilberry aroma using a commercial pervaporation membrane. Desalination 224: 34–39.
  • Giovanelli, G. and S. Buratti (2009). Comparison of polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of wild Italian blueberries and some cultivated varieties. Food Chemistry 112(4): 903-908.
  • Hancock R.D, R. Viola (2005). Improving the nutritional value of crops through enhancement of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content: rationale and biotechnological opportunities. Journal of Agric. Food Chem. 53: 5248–5257.
  • Ichiyanagi, T., Y. Kashiwada, Y. Ikeshiro, Y. Hatano, Y. Shida, M. Horie, et al. (2004). Complete assignment of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) anthocyanins separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) 52(2): 226–229.
  • Islam, A. and H. Çelik (2006). Pomological and morphological characteristics of blueberries grown in Of, Trabzon. Second National Bramble Fruits Symposium. Procedings Book: 141-144.
  • Jaakola, L., A.M. Pirttila, M. Halonen and A. Hohtola (2001). Isolation of high quality RNA from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit. Molecular Biotechnology 19(2): 201-203.
  • Kähkonen M.P, J. Heinämaki, V. Ollilainen and M. Heinonen (2003). Berry anthocyanins: isolation, identification and antioxidant activities. J Sci. Food Agric. 83: 1403–1411.
  • Kalt, W. and J.E. McDonald (1996). Chemical composition of lowbush blueberry cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121(1): 142-146.
  • Kalt, W. and D. Dufour 1997. Health functionality of blueberries. Hort. Technology. 7(3): 216-221.
  • Kalt, W., C.H. Forney, C.H. Martin, A.R.L. Prior (2001). Interspecific variation in anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity among genotypes of highbush and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium Section cyanococcus spp.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(10): 4761–4767.
  • Kemper, K.J (1999). Longwood herbal task force (http://www.mcp.edu/herbal/default.htm) and The Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research (http://www.childrenshospital.org/holistic/).
  • Kim, J. G., H.L. Kim, S.J. Kim and K.S. Park (2013). Fruit quality, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of 45 blueberry cultivars grown in Suwon, Korea. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science B 14(9): 793–799.
  • Koca, I. and B. Karadeniz (2009). Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae 121(4): 447-450.
  • Levi, A. and L.J. Rowland (1997). Identifying blueberry cultivars and evaluating their genetic relationships using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat- (SSR-) anchored primers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122(1): 74-78.
  • Lyons, M.M., C. Yu, R.B. Toma, S.Y. Cho, W. Reiboldt, J. Lee et al. (2003). Resveratrol in raw and baked blueberries and bilberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(20): 5867–5870.
  • Matsunaga, N., Y. Chikaraishi, M. Shimazawa, S. Yokota and H. Hara (2010). Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extracts reduce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. eCAM 7(1): 47-56.
  • Mauray, A., C. Felgines, C. Morand, A. Mazur and A. Scalbert (2012). Bilberry anthocyanin-rich extract alters expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development in aorta of apo E-deficient mice. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 22(1): 72-80.
  • Mink, P.J, C.G. Scrafford, L.M. Barraj, L. Harnack, C.P. Hong, J.A. Nettleton et al. (2007). Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clinnutr. 85(3): 895-909.
  • Morazzoni P. and E. Bombardelli (1996). Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fitoterapia 66:3-29.
  • Nakajima, J., I. Tanaka, S. Seo, M. Yamazaki and K. Saito (2004). LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004(5): 241–247.
  • Oblak, M. 1977. Advanced testing of blueberry varieties in Slovenia. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 61:145-152.
  • Pizzorno, J.E. and M.T. Murray (1987). Vaccinium myrtillus. p. 1-6 In: A textbook of natural medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Wash.
  • Primetta, A.K., L. Jaakola, F.A. Ayaz, H. Inceer, K.R. Riihinen (2013). Anthocyanin fingerprinting for authenticity studies of bilberry. Food Control 30(2): 662-667.
  • Prior, R.L., G. Cao, A. Martin, E. Sofic, J. McEwen, C. O’Brien, N. Lischner, M. Ehlenfeldt, W. Kalt, G. Krewer and C.M. Mainland (1998). Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46(7): 2686-2693.
  • Remberg, S.F., H.J. Rosenfeld, K. Haffnier, K. Gronnerod and P. Lea (2006). Characterization of quality parameters of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 715: 559-566.
  • Riihinen, K., L. Jaakola, S. Karenlampi and A. Hohtola (2008). Organ-specific distribution of phenolic compounds in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and ‘northblue’ blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium). Food Chemistry 110(1): 156-160.
  • Scalzo, J., A. Politi, N. Pellegrini, B. Mezzetti and M. Battino (2005). Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit. Nutrition 21(2): 207-213.Sinelli, N., A. Spinardi, V. Di Egidio, I. Mignani and E. Casiraghi (2008). Evaluation of quality and nutraceutical content of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) by near and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50(1): 31-36.
  • Smolarz, K (2006). Evaluation of four blueberry cultivars growing in central Poland. Acta Horticulturae 715: 81-84.
  • Taruscio, T.G., D.L. Barney and J. Exon (2004). Content and profile of flavanoid and phenolic acid compounds in conjunction with the antioxidant capacity for a variety of Northwest Vaccinium berries. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(10): 3169-3176.
  • Türkben, C., E. Barut and B. Incedayı (2008). Investigations on population of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L) in Uludag (Mount Olymous) in Bursa, Turkey. Journal of Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Mediterranean 21(1): 41-44.
  • Valentova, K., J. Ultrichova, L. Cvak and V. Simanek (2006). Cytoprotective effect of a bilberry extract against oxidative damage of rat hepatocytes. Journal of Food Chemistry 101: 912-917.
  • Zhang, Z., X. Kou, K. Fugal and J. McLaughlin (2004). Comparison of HPLC methods for determination of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in bilberry extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52(4): 688–691.

Türkiye’nin Sarıkamış (Kars) Bölgesinde Doğal Olarak Yetişen Çobanüzümlerinin (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Bazı Meyve Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 268 - 273, 28.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.433502

Abstract

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki Kars-Sarıkamış
ormanlarında yetişen çoban üzümü meyvelerinin bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal
özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla meyve ağırlığı, genişliği, uzunluğu,
pH, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı, tat,
aroma, L, a ve b değerleri, 20 farklı bitkiden elde edilen 20’şer adet meyvede,
4’er tekerrürlü olarak yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar ortalama değerler üzerinden
yorumlanmıştır.  Meyve genişliği,
uzunluğu, ağırlığı, pH, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, suda çözünebilir kuru
madde miktarı, tat, aroma ile L*, a* ve b* renk değerleri sırasıyla: 9.12 mm,
8.02 mm, 5.08 g, 2.22, 2.70%, 7.41 %, 2.95, 3.00, 14.884, 1.72 ve 0.065 olarak
bulunmuştur. Sözü geçen bu parametrelerin aralıkları ise sırasıyla: 7.55-10.37
mm, 6.95-9.80 mm, 3.00-7.00 g, 2.04-2.60, 2.40-3.00 %, 6.00-8.50 %, 2.00-4.00,
13.24-16.30, 1.004-3.04 ve -1.98-3.87’dır (Aroma için aralık değer tespit
edilmemiştir). Elde edilen bu sonuçlar, Sarıkamış bölgesinde yetişen çoban üzümlerinin
bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi açısından bir ön çalışma
niteliğindedir. Türkiye florası hakkında bilgi edinmek ve ıslah amaçlı
kullanımlar için çoban üzümlerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri üzerine
daha kapsamlı araştırmalar yapılmalıdır.

References

  • Bao, L., X.S. Yao, D. Tsi, C.C. Yau, C.S. Chia, H. Nagai and H. Kurihara (2008). Protective effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract on KBrO3-induced kidney damage in mice. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(2): 420-425.
  • Castrejon, A.D.R., I. Eichholz, S. Rohn, L.W. Kroh and S. Huyskens-Keil (2008). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit maturation and ripening. Food Chemistry 109(3): 564-572.
  • Çelik, H., 2003. The researches on the performance of some highbush blueberry cultivars in Rize. First National Kiwi and Bramble Fruits Symposium, Procedings Book: 454-460.
  • Cocetta, G., K. Karppinen, M. Suokas, A. Hohtola, H. Häggman, A. Spinardi, I. Mignani, and L. Jaakola (2012). Ascorbic acid metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development. Journal of Plant Physiology 169(11): 1059-1065.
  • Çelik, H (2008). Yield and berry characteristics of some northern highbush blueberries grown at different altitudes in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae 838: 63-66.
  • Çelik, H (2009). The performance of some northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) varieties in North eastern part of Anatolia. Anatolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24(3): 141-146.
  • Diban, N., A. Urtiaga and I. Ortiz (2007). Recovery of key components of bilberry aroma using a commercial pervaporation membrane. Desalination 224: 34–39.
  • Giovanelli, G. and S. Buratti (2009). Comparison of polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of wild Italian blueberries and some cultivated varieties. Food Chemistry 112(4): 903-908.
  • Hancock R.D, R. Viola (2005). Improving the nutritional value of crops through enhancement of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content: rationale and biotechnological opportunities. Journal of Agric. Food Chem. 53: 5248–5257.
  • Ichiyanagi, T., Y. Kashiwada, Y. Ikeshiro, Y. Hatano, Y. Shida, M. Horie, et al. (2004). Complete assignment of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) anthocyanins separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo) 52(2): 226–229.
  • Islam, A. and H. Çelik (2006). Pomological and morphological characteristics of blueberries grown in Of, Trabzon. Second National Bramble Fruits Symposium. Procedings Book: 141-144.
  • Jaakola, L., A.M. Pirttila, M. Halonen and A. Hohtola (2001). Isolation of high quality RNA from bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit. Molecular Biotechnology 19(2): 201-203.
  • Kähkonen M.P, J. Heinämaki, V. Ollilainen and M. Heinonen (2003). Berry anthocyanins: isolation, identification and antioxidant activities. J Sci. Food Agric. 83: 1403–1411.
  • Kalt, W. and J.E. McDonald (1996). Chemical composition of lowbush blueberry cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121(1): 142-146.
  • Kalt, W. and D. Dufour 1997. Health functionality of blueberries. Hort. Technology. 7(3): 216-221.
  • Kalt, W., C.H. Forney, C.H. Martin, A.R.L. Prior (2001). Interspecific variation in anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity among genotypes of highbush and lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium Section cyanococcus spp.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 49(10): 4761–4767.
  • Kemper, K.J (1999). Longwood herbal task force (http://www.mcp.edu/herbal/default.htm) and The Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research (http://www.childrenshospital.org/holistic/).
  • Kim, J. G., H.L. Kim, S.J. Kim and K.S. Park (2013). Fruit quality, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of 45 blueberry cultivars grown in Suwon, Korea. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science B 14(9): 793–799.
  • Koca, I. and B. Karadeniz (2009). Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae 121(4): 447-450.
  • Levi, A. and L.J. Rowland (1997). Identifying blueberry cultivars and evaluating their genetic relationships using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat- (SSR-) anchored primers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122(1): 74-78.
  • Lyons, M.M., C. Yu, R.B. Toma, S.Y. Cho, W. Reiboldt, J. Lee et al. (2003). Resveratrol in raw and baked blueberries and bilberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(20): 5867–5870.
  • Matsunaga, N., Y. Chikaraishi, M. Shimazawa, S. Yokota and H. Hara (2010). Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) extracts reduce angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. eCAM 7(1): 47-56.
  • Mauray, A., C. Felgines, C. Morand, A. Mazur and A. Scalbert (2012). Bilberry anthocyanin-rich extract alters expression of genes related to atherosclerosis development in aorta of apo E-deficient mice. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 22(1): 72-80.
  • Mink, P.J, C.G. Scrafford, L.M. Barraj, L. Harnack, C.P. Hong, J.A. Nettleton et al. (2007). Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clinnutr. 85(3): 895-909.
  • Morazzoni P. and E. Bombardelli (1996). Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fitoterapia 66:3-29.
  • Nakajima, J., I. Tanaka, S. Seo, M. Yamazaki and K. Saito (2004). LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2004(5): 241–247.
  • Oblak, M. 1977. Advanced testing of blueberry varieties in Slovenia. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 61:145-152.
  • Pizzorno, J.E. and M.T. Murray (1987). Vaccinium myrtillus. p. 1-6 In: A textbook of natural medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Wash.
  • Primetta, A.K., L. Jaakola, F.A. Ayaz, H. Inceer, K.R. Riihinen (2013). Anthocyanin fingerprinting for authenticity studies of bilberry. Food Control 30(2): 662-667.
  • Prior, R.L., G. Cao, A. Martin, E. Sofic, J. McEwen, C. O’Brien, N. Lischner, M. Ehlenfeldt, W. Kalt, G. Krewer and C.M. Mainland (1998). Antioxidant capacity as influenced by total phenolic and anthocyanin content, maturity, and variety of Vaccinium species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46(7): 2686-2693.
  • Remberg, S.F., H.J. Rosenfeld, K. Haffnier, K. Gronnerod and P. Lea (2006). Characterization of quality parameters of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 715: 559-566.
  • Riihinen, K., L. Jaakola, S. Karenlampi and A. Hohtola (2008). Organ-specific distribution of phenolic compounds in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and ‘northblue’ blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum x V. angustifolium). Food Chemistry 110(1): 156-160.
  • Scalzo, J., A. Politi, N. Pellegrini, B. Mezzetti and M. Battino (2005). Plant genotype affects total antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in fruit. Nutrition 21(2): 207-213.Sinelli, N., A. Spinardi, V. Di Egidio, I. Mignani and E. Casiraghi (2008). Evaluation of quality and nutraceutical content of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) by near and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest Biology and Technology 50(1): 31-36.
  • Smolarz, K (2006). Evaluation of four blueberry cultivars growing in central Poland. Acta Horticulturae 715: 81-84.
  • Taruscio, T.G., D.L. Barney and J. Exon (2004). Content and profile of flavanoid and phenolic acid compounds in conjunction with the antioxidant capacity for a variety of Northwest Vaccinium berries. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(10): 3169-3176.
  • Türkben, C., E. Barut and B. Incedayı (2008). Investigations on population of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L) in Uludag (Mount Olymous) in Bursa, Turkey. Journal of Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Mediterranean 21(1): 41-44.
  • Valentova, K., J. Ultrichova, L. Cvak and V. Simanek (2006). Cytoprotective effect of a bilberry extract against oxidative damage of rat hepatocytes. Journal of Food Chemistry 101: 912-917.
  • Zhang, Z., X. Kou, K. Fugal and J. McLaughlin (2004). Comparison of HPLC methods for determination of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in bilberry extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52(4): 688–691.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melekşen Akın 0000-0002-9513-8365

Sadiye Peral Eyduran 0000-0003-0884-0234

Ruhan İlknur Gazioğlu Şensoy 0000-0002-2379-0688

Ecevit Eyduran 0000-0001-7200-982X

Publication Date June 28, 2019
Acceptance Date March 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akın, M., Peral Eyduran, S., Gazioğlu Şensoy, R. İ., Eyduran, E. (2019). Determination of Some Pomological Features of Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Native to Sarıkamış (Kars), Turkey. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2), 268-273. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.433502
Creative Commons License
Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Agriculture is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.