Research Article
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The Effect of Different Growing Periods and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Nitrogen Fractions and Nutrient Content of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 388 - 396, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.564237

Abstract

Nitrogen fertilization is the most preferred type
of fertilizer on garden cress because of causing to more developing of leaves
and better looking. However, as a result of this fertilization, nitrate and
nitrite accumulation may occur in the cress leaves. Nitrozo compounds which are
formed by binding nitrite and nitrate to other compounds are toxic and can
cause serious health problems.
In this study; the effects of different months of
the year and nitrogen sources on garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) yield and accumulation of nitrate, nitrite and
total nitrogen and nutrient change in leaves were investigated during two
years. In both years, seeds were sown on the first days of September, October,
November, January, February and March. Three different nitrogen sources were
used Farmyard manure (100 ton ha-1), Ca(NO3)2
and (NH4)2SO4 (150
kg N·ha-1). The experiment was carried out according to the
randomized plots design with three replicates and harvested at the time of 7-10
leaves of 
90% of the leaves. Then, the nitrogen fractions of
the leaves and other nutrient contents and yield were determined. The sowing
time and the nitrogen source were significantly affected both yield and
nitrogen fractions of leaves in both years, but no effect on other nutrient
quantities was observed. The highest yields in both years were found in ammonia
and nitrate fertilizer applications in January and September, while the lowest
yields were found in March and November in farmyard application. The highest
nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen values were determined in nitrate
fertilizer application.

References

  • Açıkgöz, N., Aktaş, M. E., Moghaddam, A ve Özcan, K. (1994). PC’ ler için Veri Tabanı Esaslı İstatistik Paketi: TARİST, Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 24-28/04/1994. E.Ü.Ziraat Fak. Ofset Basımevi, Bornova- İzmir, S. 264-267.
  • Balks R, Reekers I (1955). Bestimmung des Nitrat und Ammoniakstickstoffs im Boden (Determination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil). Landwirt. Forsch. 8(1): 7-13.
  • Bingham, F.T. (1949). Soil Test for Phosphorus, Calif. Agri. 3 (8), 11-14.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J., A.(1955) . Recalibration of the Hydrometer Method for making Mechanical Analysis of the Soil.Agronomy Journal,Vol:4, No:9 434.
  • Bremner, J.M. (1965). Total Nitrogen Edito C.A. Black Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Amer. Soc.Argon Inc. Publisher Madison Wisconsin, U.S.A. pp:1149-1178.
  • Chavda N. K, Patel R. A, Patel P, Hirpara B. V. (2017). Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Cress (Lepidium Sativum L.). Bioscience Biotechechnology Research Asia 14(2). Available from: http://www.biotech-asia.org/?p=24443
  • Choudhary, S., Keshwa, G. L. , Yadav, L. R.(2010). Effect of sowing dates, row spacings and nitrogen levels on productivity, quality and economics of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Journal article : Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2010 Vol.80 No.8 pp.752-754
  • Corre, W.J., Bremier, T. (1979). Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetables Departmant of Soils and Fertilizers, Agricultural University Wageningen the Netherlands, Literatüre Survey No:39 Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen, pp:13.
  • De Pascale S, Maggio A, Pernice R, Fogliano V, Barbieri G .(2007) . Sulfur fertilization may improve the nutritional value of Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris. Eur. J. Agron. 26(4): 418-424.
  • Diwakar, B.T., Dutta, P.K., Naidu ,K.A., Lokesh, B.R. (2010). Physicochemical Properties of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.). J Oil Oil Chem Soc (2010) 87: 539-548.
  • Fontana,E.,S.Nicola. (2008). Producing garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) for the fresh-cut chain using a soilless culture system The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology Volume 83, 2008 - Issue 1.
  • Hildebrandt,N.(1976). Zur Problematik der Nitrosamine in der Pflanzenernährung. Dissertation Justus Liebig Universität Giessen.
  • Jakson , M. L. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, New Delhi.
  • Kacar, B. (1984). Bitki Besleme, A.Ü.Z.F. Yayınları. No: 899 Ankara.
  • Kacar, B. (1978). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Yayın No: 453 Ankara.
  • Karal,G.,Uğur,A. (2014). Lepidium sativum Cultivation in Organic Fertilizer Added Hazelnut Husk Compost. Ekoloji Dergisi . Vol. 23 Issue 90, p33-39. 7p.
  • Keck, A.S. ,Finley, J.W. (2004). Cruciferous Vegetables: Cancer Protective Mechanisms of Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products and Selenium, Integrative Cancer Therapies, Vol:3, p.5-12.
  • Lindsay, W., L. Norwell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc. Iron, Mn and Copper Soil sci. Soc. Of Amer. Jour. Vol:42, 421-428.
  • Nielsen, J.D. (1972). Fixation and Relase of Potassium and Ammonium Ione in Danish Soils, Plant and Soil, Vol:36, pp:71-88.
  • Pavlou GC, Ehaliotis CD, Kavvadias VA.(2007). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Sci. Hortic. Amsterdam 111(4): 319–325.
  • Pratt, P.F., Potassium, ed: Black , C.A. (1965). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 Amer. Soc. of Argon. Inc.Pub. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.S- 1022.
  • Reuterberg, E. und Kremkus, F. (1951). Bestimmung von Gesamtm Humus und Alkalilöslichen Humus Stoffon in Bodden. Zeitschrift Pflanzenernahrung Dungung und Bodenkinde. Verlag Chemie. Gmbh, Weinheim.
  • Santamaria, P. (2006). Nitrate in Vegetables, Toxicity, Content, Intake and EC Regulation, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol:86,10-17.
  • Sclichting, E., BlumeE, H.P. (1966). Bodenkundliches Prakticum. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin, pp: 121-125.
  • Stagnari F, Di Bitetto V, Pisante M .(2007). Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Sci. Hortic. Amsterdam 114(4): 225-233.
  • U.S. Soil Survey Staff. (1955). Soil Survey Manuel Handbook, 18 U.S. Gov. Print Off.Washington D.C.340-3434.
  • Wang,Z.,Li,S. (2007). Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Plant Growth and Nitrate Accumulation in Vegetables. Journal of Plant Nutrition Volume 27, 3 539-556.
  • Yadav, L. R., S.Choudhary., Keshwa, G. L., Sharma, O. P.(2013). Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) growth, productivity and nutrient uptake under different sowing dates, row spacing and nitrogen levels. Journal article : Indian Journal of Agr. Vol.58 No.1 pp.114-118.

Farklı Ekim Zamanı ve Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Tere (Lepidium sativum L.) Bitkisinin Azot Fraksiyonları ve Bitki Besin Maddesi İçeriğine Etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 388 - 396, 30.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.564237

Abstract

Azotlu
gübreleme, yaprakların gelişmesine ve bitkinin daha iyi görünmesine neden
olduğu için terede en çok tercih edilen gübreleme çeşididir. Fakat bu gübreleme
sonucu tere yapraklarında nitrat ve nitrit birikimi söz konusu olabilmektedir.
Nitrit ve nitritin başka bileşiklere bağlanmasıyla oluşan nitrozo bileşikleri
toksiktir ve insan bünyesinde ciddi sağlık sorunlarına neden olabilir. Bu
çalışmada da; tere bitkisinin (Lepidium sativum L.) farklı azot
formlarını içeren gübrelerle 2 yıl boyunca yetiştirilmesi sonucu
yapraklarındaki nitrat, nitrit ve toplam azot birikimi ile bitki besin
maddelerinin değişimi incelenmiştir. Sera çalışması olarak yürütülen denemede farklı
azot kaynakları olarak; çiftlik gübresi (100 ton/ha), Ca(NO3)2
(150 kg N/ha) ve (NH4)2SO4
(150 kg N/ha) kullanılmıştır. Tere bitkisi Ocak’tan Mart’a ve Eylül’den Kasım’a
kadar olan aralıklarda her yıl toplam 6 ay yetiştirilmiştir. Tesadüf parselleri
deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülen denemede tere yapraklarının
% 90’ı 7-10 adet yaprak olduğu anda hasat edilmiş ve yaprakların azot
fraksiyonları ile diğer besin madde içerikleri ve verimi saptanmıştır. Ekim
zamanı ve uygulanan azot kaynağı,
her iki yılda da verim ve yapraklardaki azot fraksiyonları üzerinde istatistiki
anlamda etkili olmuş, fakat diğer besin madde miktarları üzerinde herhangi bir
etkisi ortaya çıkmamıştır
. Her iki yılda da en yüksek verim Ocak ve Eylül
aylarında amonyumlu ve nitratlı gübre uygulamalarında, en düşük verim ise Mart
ve Kasım aylarında çiftlik gübresi uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Her iki yılda da
en yüksek nitrat, nitrit ve toplam azot değerleri ise nitratlı gübre
uygulamasında ortaya çıkmıştır.

References

  • Açıkgöz, N., Aktaş, M. E., Moghaddam, A ve Özcan, K. (1994). PC’ ler için Veri Tabanı Esaslı İstatistik Paketi: TARİST, Tarla Bitkileri Kongresi, 24-28/04/1994. E.Ü.Ziraat Fak. Ofset Basımevi, Bornova- İzmir, S. 264-267.
  • Balks R, Reekers I (1955). Bestimmung des Nitrat und Ammoniakstickstoffs im Boden (Determination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil). Landwirt. Forsch. 8(1): 7-13.
  • Bingham, F.T. (1949). Soil Test for Phosphorus, Calif. Agri. 3 (8), 11-14.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J., A.(1955) . Recalibration of the Hydrometer Method for making Mechanical Analysis of the Soil.Agronomy Journal,Vol:4, No:9 434.
  • Bremner, J.M. (1965). Total Nitrogen Edito C.A. Black Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Amer. Soc.Argon Inc. Publisher Madison Wisconsin, U.S.A. pp:1149-1178.
  • Chavda N. K, Patel R. A, Patel P, Hirpara B. V. (2017). Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Cress (Lepidium Sativum L.). Bioscience Biotechechnology Research Asia 14(2). Available from: http://www.biotech-asia.org/?p=24443
  • Choudhary, S., Keshwa, G. L. , Yadav, L. R.(2010). Effect of sowing dates, row spacings and nitrogen levels on productivity, quality and economics of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Journal article : Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2010 Vol.80 No.8 pp.752-754
  • Corre, W.J., Bremier, T. (1979). Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetables Departmant of Soils and Fertilizers, Agricultural University Wageningen the Netherlands, Literatüre Survey No:39 Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen, pp:13.
  • De Pascale S, Maggio A, Pernice R, Fogliano V, Barbieri G .(2007) . Sulfur fertilization may improve the nutritional value of Brassica rapa L. subsp. sylvestris. Eur. J. Agron. 26(4): 418-424.
  • Diwakar, B.T., Dutta, P.K., Naidu ,K.A., Lokesh, B.R. (2010). Physicochemical Properties of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.). J Oil Oil Chem Soc (2010) 87: 539-548.
  • Fontana,E.,S.Nicola. (2008). Producing garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) for the fresh-cut chain using a soilless culture system The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology Volume 83, 2008 - Issue 1.
  • Hildebrandt,N.(1976). Zur Problematik der Nitrosamine in der Pflanzenernährung. Dissertation Justus Liebig Universität Giessen.
  • Jakson , M. L. (1967). Soil Chemical Analysis Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd, New Delhi.
  • Kacar, B. (1984). Bitki Besleme, A.Ü.Z.F. Yayınları. No: 899 Ankara.
  • Kacar, B. (1978). Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fak. Yayın No: 453 Ankara.
  • Karal,G.,Uğur,A. (2014). Lepidium sativum Cultivation in Organic Fertilizer Added Hazelnut Husk Compost. Ekoloji Dergisi . Vol. 23 Issue 90, p33-39. 7p.
  • Keck, A.S. ,Finley, J.W. (2004). Cruciferous Vegetables: Cancer Protective Mechanisms of Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products and Selenium, Integrative Cancer Therapies, Vol:3, p.5-12.
  • Lindsay, W., L. Norwell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA Soil Test for Zinc. Iron, Mn and Copper Soil sci. Soc. Of Amer. Jour. Vol:42, 421-428.
  • Nielsen, J.D. (1972). Fixation and Relase of Potassium and Ammonium Ione in Danish Soils, Plant and Soil, Vol:36, pp:71-88.
  • Pavlou GC, Ehaliotis CD, Kavvadias VA.(2007). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied during successive crop seasons on growth and nitrate accumulation in lettuce. Sci. Hortic. Amsterdam 111(4): 319–325.
  • Pratt, P.F., Potassium, ed: Black , C.A. (1965). Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 Amer. Soc. of Argon. Inc.Pub. Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.S- 1022.
  • Reuterberg, E. und Kremkus, F. (1951). Bestimmung von Gesamtm Humus und Alkalilöslichen Humus Stoffon in Bodden. Zeitschrift Pflanzenernahrung Dungung und Bodenkinde. Verlag Chemie. Gmbh, Weinheim.
  • Santamaria, P. (2006). Nitrate in Vegetables, Toxicity, Content, Intake and EC Regulation, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Vol:86,10-17.
  • Sclichting, E., BlumeE, H.P. (1966). Bodenkundliches Prakticum. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin, pp: 121-125.
  • Stagnari F, Di Bitetto V, Pisante M .(2007). Effects of N fertilizers and rates on yield, safety and nutrients in processing spinach genotypes. Sci. Hortic. Amsterdam 114(4): 225-233.
  • U.S. Soil Survey Staff. (1955). Soil Survey Manuel Handbook, 18 U.S. Gov. Print Off.Washington D.C.340-3434.
  • Wang,Z.,Li,S. (2007). Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Plant Growth and Nitrate Accumulation in Vegetables. Journal of Plant Nutrition Volume 27, 3 539-556.
  • Yadav, L. R., S.Choudhary., Keshwa, G. L., Sharma, O. P.(2013). Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) growth, productivity and nutrient uptake under different sowing dates, row spacing and nitrogen levels. Journal article : Indian Journal of Agr. Vol.58 No.1 pp.114-118.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Soil Sciences and Ecology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bülent Yağmur 0000-0002-7645-8574

Bülent Okur 0000-0002-6829-3749

Özlem Tuncay This is me 0000-0002-5218-1056

Dursun Eşiyok 0000-0002-7995-6544

Publication Date September 30, 2019
Acceptance Date July 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 29 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yağmur, B., Okur, B., Tuncay, Ö., Eşiyok, D. (2019). Farklı Ekim Zamanı ve Azotlu Gübre Uygulamalarının Tere (Lepidium sativum L.) Bitkisinin Azot Fraksiyonları ve Bitki Besin Maddesi İçeriğine Etkileri. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(3), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.564237
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