Review Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 24.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.55549/zbs.1416366

Abstract

References

  • Arya, P., & Kumar, P. (2023). Phytochemical, phase transition, FTIR, and antimicrobial characterization of defatted Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract as affected by solvent polarity. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 17(5), 5234-5246.
  • Bellavite, P., & Donzelli, A. (2020). Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New light on the healthy function of citrus fruits. Antioxidants, 9(8), 742.
  • Chen, H.-F., Wang, W.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Chang, W.-C., Hsueh, P.-R., Peng, S.-L., Wu, C.-S., Chen, Y., Huang, H.-Y., & Shen, W.-J. (2023). The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife, 12, e84899.
  • Cheng, H., Mei, J., & Xie, J. (2023). Analysis of key volatile compounds and quality properties of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fillets during cold storage: Based on thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). LWT, 184, 115051.
  • Choi, J. H., Lee, Y. H., Kwon, T. W., Ko, S.-G., Nah, S.-Y., & Cho, I.-H. (2022). Can Panax ginseng help control cytokine storm in COVID-19? Journal of Ginseng Research, 46(3), 337-347.
  • Dahiya, P., & Purkayastha, S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 74(5), 443.
  • Das, K. (2022). Herbal plants as immunity modulators against COVID-19: A primary preventive measure during home quarantine. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 32, 100501. de Souza, A. L. C., do Rego Pires, A., Moraes, C. A. F., de Matos, C. H. C., dos Santos, K. I. P., Campos e Silva, R., Acuña,
  • S. P. C., & dos Santos Araújo, S. (2023). Chromatographic Methods for Separation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds. In Drug Discovery and Design Using Natural Products (pp. 153-176). Springer.
  • Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D'Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. (2021). A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Phytotherapy Research, 35(3), 1230-1236.
  • Doughari, J. H. (2012). Phytochemicals: extraction methods, basic structures and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents. INTECH Open Access Publisher Rijeka, Croatia. Ghareeb, D. A., Saleh, S. R., Seadawy, M. G., Nofal, M. S., Abdulmalek, S. A., Hassan, S. F., Khedr, S. M., AbdElwahab, M.
  • G., Sobhy, A. A., & Abdel-Hamid, A. s. A. (2021). Nanoparticles of ZnO/Berberine complex contract COVID-19 and respiratory co-bacterial infection in addition to elimination of hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 51, 735-757.
  • Hensel, A., Bauer, R., Heinrich, M., Spiegler, V., Kayser, O., Hempel, G., & Kraft, K. (2020). Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature. Planta medica, 86(10), 659-664.
  • Herr, I., & Büchler, M. W. (2010). Dietary constituents of broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables: implications for prevention and therapy of cancer. Cancer treatment reviews, 36(5), 377-383.
  • Khalil, A., & Kashif, M. (2023). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative analysis: a review for its application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and medicinal domains. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 53(5), 997-1011.
  • Leitzmann, C. (2016). Characteristics and health benefits of phytochemicals. Complementary Medicine Research, 23(2), 69-74.
  • Lim, X. Y., Teh, B. P., & Tan, T. Y. C. (2021). Medicinal plants in COVID-19: potential and limitations. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 611408.
  • Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2007). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. Journal of natural products, 70(3), 461-477.
  • Ohishi, T., Hishiki, T., Baig, M. S., Rajpoot, S., Saqib, U., Takasaki, T., & Hara, Y. (2022). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by blocking the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. PLoS One, 17(7), e0271112.
  • Oomah, B. D., & Mazza, G. (1999). Health benefits of phytochemicals from selected Canadian crops. Trends in food science & technology, 10(6-7), 193-198.
  • Ou, H., Zuo, J., Gregersen, H., & Liu, X.-Y. (2024). Combination of supercritical CO2 and ultrasound for flavonoids extraction from Cosmos sulphureus: Optimization, kinetics, characterization and antioxidant capacity. Food Chemistry, 435, 137598.
  • Pandit, M. A., & Ansari, T. (2024). Extraction Methods Of Polyphenol Derivative (Flavonoid). In The Flavonoids (pp. 59-78). Apple Academic Press.
  • Pandohee, J., Kyereh, E., Kulshrestha, S., Xu, B., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2023). Review of the recent developments in metabolomics-based phytochemical research. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(19), 3734-3749.
  • Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2, 465-473.
  • Perez-Vizcaino, F., & Fraga, C. G. (2018). Research trends in flavonoids and health. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 646, 107-112.
  • Rakha, A., Umar, N., Rabail, R., Butt, M. S., Kieliszek, M., Hassoun, A., & Aadil, R. M. (2022). Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic potential of dietary flavonoids: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 156, 113945.
  • Roy, M., Datta, A., Roy, M., & Datta, A. (2019). Fundamentals of phytochemicals. Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics: Focus on Phytochemicals, 49-81.
  • Shah, P., & Modi, H. (2015). Comparative study of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays for determination of antioxidant activity. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol, 3(6), 636-641.
  • Shao, L., & Zhang, B. (2013). Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: theory, methodology and application. Chinese journal of natural medicines, 11(2), 110-120.
  • van de Sand, L., Bormann, M., Alt, M., Schipper, L., Heilingloh, C. S., Steinmann, E., Todt, D., Dittmer, U., Elsner, C., & Witzke, O. (2021). Glycyrrhizin effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting the viral main protease. Viruses, 13(4), 609.
  • Wahyuni, P. D., Candra, I. P., & Singapurwa, N. M. A. S. (2023). Identification of Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Methanol Extract of Basa Genep Seasoning. International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 1(11), 1375-1388.
  • Wong, Y. Y., & Chow, Y. L. (2024). Exploring the potential of spice‐derived phytochemicals as alternative antimicrobial agents. eFood, 5(1), e126.
  • Yadav, V., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemicals against COVID-19 and a gap in clinical investigations: An outlook. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 58(5), 403-407.

Phytochemicals against COVID-19: Opportunities and Challenges

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 24.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.55549/zbs.1416366

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has an urgent need for effective therapeutic agents. In this regard, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds derived from plants, have emerged as potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This review explores various facets of phytochemical research in relation to COVID-19, ranging from their identification to future perspectives in their application. It sets the stage, describing their nature, classification, and historical use in traditional medicine, alongside their recognized health benefits. We then delve into the methodologies for phytochemical screening, highlighting advanced techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectroscopic methods, which are pivotal in identifying and characterizing these compounds. In addition, focusing on potential phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2, we discuss compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have shown promise in preliminary studies for their antiviral properties. However, the transition from laboratory findings to clinical applications faces challenges, such as issues of bioavailability, lack of clinical trials, and the complexity of phytochemical interactions. Advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery, exploration of synergistic effects, and personalized medicine are crucial. Therefore, this review underscores the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific studies and highlights the need for inclusive clinical studies to validate the efficacy and safety of phytochemicals. The promising yet challenging path of phytochemical research offers a hopeful path in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and future pandemics.

References

  • Arya, P., & Kumar, P. (2023). Phytochemical, phase transition, FTIR, and antimicrobial characterization of defatted Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract as affected by solvent polarity. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 17(5), 5234-5246.
  • Bellavite, P., & Donzelli, A. (2020). Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New light on the healthy function of citrus fruits. Antioxidants, 9(8), 742.
  • Chen, H.-F., Wang, W.-J., Chen, C.-Y., Chang, W.-C., Hsueh, P.-R., Peng, S.-L., Wu, C.-S., Chen, Y., Huang, H.-Y., & Shen, W.-J. (2023). The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife, 12, e84899.
  • Cheng, H., Mei, J., & Xie, J. (2023). Analysis of key volatile compounds and quality properties of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fillets during cold storage: Based on thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). LWT, 184, 115051.
  • Choi, J. H., Lee, Y. H., Kwon, T. W., Ko, S.-G., Nah, S.-Y., & Cho, I.-H. (2022). Can Panax ginseng help control cytokine storm in COVID-19? Journal of Ginseng Research, 46(3), 337-347.
  • Dahiya, P., & Purkayastha, S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 74(5), 443.
  • Das, K. (2022). Herbal plants as immunity modulators against COVID-19: A primary preventive measure during home quarantine. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 32, 100501. de Souza, A. L. C., do Rego Pires, A., Moraes, C. A. F., de Matos, C. H. C., dos Santos, K. I. P., Campos e Silva, R., Acuña,
  • S. P. C., & dos Santos Araújo, S. (2023). Chromatographic Methods for Separation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds. In Drug Discovery and Design Using Natural Products (pp. 153-176). Springer.
  • Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D'Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. (2021). A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Phytotherapy Research, 35(3), 1230-1236.
  • Doughari, J. H. (2012). Phytochemicals: extraction methods, basic structures and mode of action as potential chemotherapeutic agents. INTECH Open Access Publisher Rijeka, Croatia. Ghareeb, D. A., Saleh, S. R., Seadawy, M. G., Nofal, M. S., Abdulmalek, S. A., Hassan, S. F., Khedr, S. M., AbdElwahab, M.
  • G., Sobhy, A. A., & Abdel-Hamid, A. s. A. (2021). Nanoparticles of ZnO/Berberine complex contract COVID-19 and respiratory co-bacterial infection in addition to elimination of hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 51, 735-757.
  • Hensel, A., Bauer, R., Heinrich, M., Spiegler, V., Kayser, O., Hempel, G., & Kraft, K. (2020). Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature. Planta medica, 86(10), 659-664.
  • Herr, I., & Büchler, M. W. (2010). Dietary constituents of broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables: implications for prevention and therapy of cancer. Cancer treatment reviews, 36(5), 377-383.
  • Khalil, A., & Kashif, M. (2023). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative analysis: a review for its application in the chemical, pharmaceutical and medicinal domains. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 53(5), 997-1011.
  • Leitzmann, C. (2016). Characteristics and health benefits of phytochemicals. Complementary Medicine Research, 23(2), 69-74.
  • Lim, X. Y., Teh, B. P., & Tan, T. Y. C. (2021). Medicinal plants in COVID-19: potential and limitations. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 611408.
  • Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2007). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. Journal of natural products, 70(3), 461-477.
  • Ohishi, T., Hishiki, T., Baig, M. S., Rajpoot, S., Saqib, U., Takasaki, T., & Hara, Y. (2022). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) attenuates severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by blocking the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. PLoS One, 17(7), e0271112.
  • Oomah, B. D., & Mazza, G. (1999). Health benefits of phytochemicals from selected Canadian crops. Trends in food science & technology, 10(6-7), 193-198.
  • Ou, H., Zuo, J., Gregersen, H., & Liu, X.-Y. (2024). Combination of supercritical CO2 and ultrasound for flavonoids extraction from Cosmos sulphureus: Optimization, kinetics, characterization and antioxidant capacity. Food Chemistry, 435, 137598.
  • Pandit, M. A., & Ansari, T. (2024). Extraction Methods Of Polyphenol Derivative (Flavonoid). In The Flavonoids (pp. 59-78). Apple Academic Press.
  • Pandohee, J., Kyereh, E., Kulshrestha, S., Xu, B., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2023). Review of the recent developments in metabolomics-based phytochemical research. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(19), 3734-3749.
  • Patwardhan, B., Warude, D., Pushpangadan, P., & Bhatt, N. (2005). Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine: a comparative overview. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2, 465-473.
  • Perez-Vizcaino, F., & Fraga, C. G. (2018). Research trends in flavonoids and health. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 646, 107-112.
  • Rakha, A., Umar, N., Rabail, R., Butt, M. S., Kieliszek, M., Hassoun, A., & Aadil, R. M. (2022). Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic potential of dietary flavonoids: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 156, 113945.
  • Roy, M., Datta, A., Roy, M., & Datta, A. (2019). Fundamentals of phytochemicals. Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics: Focus on Phytochemicals, 49-81.
  • Shah, P., & Modi, H. (2015). Comparative study of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays for determination of antioxidant activity. Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol, 3(6), 636-641.
  • Shao, L., & Zhang, B. (2013). Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: theory, methodology and application. Chinese journal of natural medicines, 11(2), 110-120.
  • van de Sand, L., Bormann, M., Alt, M., Schipper, L., Heilingloh, C. S., Steinmann, E., Todt, D., Dittmer, U., Elsner, C., & Witzke, O. (2021). Glycyrrhizin effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by inhibiting the viral main protease. Viruses, 13(4), 609.
  • Wahyuni, P. D., Candra, I. P., & Singapurwa, N. M. A. S. (2023). Identification of Phytochemical Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Methanol Extract of Basa Genep Seasoning. International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 1(11), 1375-1388.
  • Wong, Y. Y., & Chow, Y. L. (2024). Exploring the potential of spice‐derived phytochemicals as alternative antimicrobial agents. eFood, 5(1), e126.
  • Yadav, V., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemicals against COVID-19 and a gap in clinical investigations: An outlook. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 58(5), 403-407.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yasmeen Junejo 0009-0005-6243-2102

Muhammad Safdar 0000-0002-3720-2090

Mehmet Özaslan 0000-0002-3720-2090

Early Pub Date January 24, 2024
Publication Date January 24, 2024
Submission Date January 8, 2024
Acceptance Date January 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Junejo Y, Safdar M, Özaslan M (January 1, 2024) Phytochemicals against COVID-19: Opportunities and Challenges. Zeugma Biological Science 5 1 1–8.