BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 34 - 38, 13.11.2013

Öz

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of variety on the ensiling characteristics and composition of sorghum silage. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Sorghum plant harvested at dough stage was ensiled in plastic silo. After ensiling of sorghum for 60 days the chemical composition and fermentation of the resultant silages parameters were determined. The CP values of genotypes varies between 6.76 to 10.70%, NDF  between 47.82,and 61.06 ADF between 30.51 and 44.04%,.The lactic acid and butyric acid contents ranged  from 19.00 to 44.38 and 2.14 to 4.48 g/kg DM, respectively. The fleig score ranged from 90.21 to 97.11 as a conclusion, the variety had a significant effect on the chemical composition and fermentation parameters of the resultant sorghum silages.

Keywords: Sorghum, silage, nutritive value, chemical composition,

 

Çeşidin Sorghum Bitkisinin Silolanma Karekteristiklerine ve Kompozisyonuna Etkisi

 

Özet : Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşidin sorgum bitkisinin silolanma karektereristiklerine ve kompozisyonuna etkisi belirlemektir. Araştırma Kahramanmaraş'ta yürtülmüş ve bitkiler hamur olum döneminde hasat edilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş olan bu deneme Kahramanmaraş'ta yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler hamur olum döneminde hasat edilerek küçük plastik bidonlarda silolanmıştır. Altmış günlük silolama süresinden sonra elde edilen silajların kompozisyonları ve fermantasyon parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Beş sorgum çeşidinin (ICSB 502, ROX, SC 941 ICSB 564 ve B24) kullanıldığı araştmada, ham protein oranı, kuru madde oranı, ham kül, ADF, NDF, fleig puanı, pH ve uçucu yağ asitleri incelenmiştir. Silajların ham protein içerikleri  %6.7 ile 10.70, NDF içeriği %47.82 ile 61.06, ADF oranı %30.51 ile 44.04, laktik asit içeriği 19.00 ile 44.38 g/kg/DM, butirik asit içeriği 2.14 ile 4.48 g/kg DM arasında değişmiştir. Silajların Fleig skoru ise 90.21 ile 97.11 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çeşit oluşan silajların kompozisyonu ve fermantasyon parametrelerini önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Çalışmada kullanılan örnekler içinden SC 941 besleme özelliği yönünden bölge için uygun bir çeşit olarak önerilmektedir.

 

Anahtar Sözcükler: sorgum, silaj, besleme değeri, kimyasal kompozisyon

Kaynakça

  • Abdelmawla, S.M., Fontenot, J.P., El-Ashry, M.A. 1988. Composited, deep stacked and ensiled broiler litter in sheep diets: chemical composition and nutritive value study. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Anim. Sci. Res. Rep. No. 7, 127-129.
  • Al-Rokayan, S.A., Naseer1, Z., Chaudhry, S.M. 1998, Nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghumbroiler litter silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 75, 65-73.
  • Anonymous, (2008a). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Statistics of Directorate Kahramanmaraş.
  • Anonymous, (2008b). Soil Analysis Laboratory of Agricultural Directorates of Kahramanmaras.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15th. Edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z.G., Bolsen, K.K., Hen, Y., Arieli, A. 1999. The Silage Characteristics of Two Varieties of Forage Sorghum Mixed in Different Proportions and at Two Stages of Maturity. African J. Range Forage Sci. 15, 68–71.
  • Bingol, N.T., Baytok, E. 2003. The Effect of Some Silage Additives in Sorghum Silage on the Silage Quality and Ruminal Degradabilities of Nutrients I. The effects on Silage Quality. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27, 15-20.
  • Black , J.R., Ely, L.O., Mc Cullough, M.E., Sudweeks E.M. 1980. Effects of Stage of Maturity and Silage Additives Upon the Yield of Gross and Digestible Energy in Sorghum Silage. J. Anim. Sci., 50, 6176
  • Black, J.R., Ely, L.O., McCullough, M.E., Sudweeks, E.M. 1980. Effects of stage of maturity and silage additives upon the yield of gross and digestible energy in sorghum silage. J. Dairy Sci., 50, 617-624. Bolsen, K.K. 2004, Sorghum Silage: A Summary of 25 Years of Research at Kansas State University, Paper for the Southeast Dairy Herd Management Conference, Macon, Georgia; November 16-17.
  • Çakmakçı, S., Gündüz, S., Çeçen, S., Aydınoğlu, B. 19 Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.)’un Silajlık Kullanımında Farklı Biçim devrelerinin Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 23 (Ek Sayı, 3), 603-611. Caswell, L.F., Fontenot, J.P., Webb Jr, K.E. 1975. Effect of processing treatment on pasteurization and microcomponents of broiler litter and on nitrogen utilization by sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 40, 750-755.
  • Cummins, D.C. 1981. Yield and Quality Changes with Maturity of Silage-Type Sorghum Fodder. Agronomy J. 73 (6), 988-990.
  • Danner, H., Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E., Braun, R. 2003. Acetic Acid Increases Stability of Silage under Aerobic Conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (1), 562-567.
  • Filya, I. 2004, Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116,141–150.
  • Flachowsky, G., Henning, A. 1990. Composition and digestibility of untreaanimal excreta for ruminants-A review. Biol. Wastes 31, 16-36.
  • Hanna, W.W., Monson, W.G., Gaines, T.P. 1981. IVDMD, total sugars, and lignin measurements of normal and brown midrib (bmr) sorghums at various stages of development. Agronomy J. 73, 1050–1052. Hibbert, C.A., Wagner, D.G., Schemm, R.L., Mitchell, Jr. E.D., Hintz, R.L., Weibel, D.E. 1982. Nutritive Characteristics of Different Varieties of Sorghum and Corn Grains. J. Anim. Sci., 55, 665-672.
  • Hinds, M., Brethour, J., Bolsen, K., Harvey, I. 1992. Inoculant and Urea-Molasses Additives for Forage Sorghum Silage. Kansas State University Cattlemen’s Day, 11-15. Manhattan, KS.
  • Johnson, R.R., De Faria, V.P., Mc Clure, K.E. 1971. Effects of Maturity on Chemical Composition 258 and Digestibility of Bird Resistant Sorghum Plant When Fed to Sheep as Silages. J. Anim. Sci., 33, 259 1102-1109.
  • Kallah, M.S., Muhammad, I.R., Baba, N., Lawal, R. 19 The effect of maturity on the composition of hay and made from Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Tropical Grasslands, 33, 46-50. Keskin, B., Yılmaz, I. H., Karslı, M.A., Nursoy, H. 200 Effects of Urea or Urea plus Molasses Supplementation to Silages with Different Sorghum Varieties Harvested at the Milk Stage on the Quality and in Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Silages, Turk J. Vet. Anim Sci., 2 (9), 1143-1147.
  • Kilic, A. 1984. Silo Yemi (Silage Feed). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Turkey, p. 350, Leventini, M.W., Hunt, C. W., Roffler, R.E., Casebelt, O.G. 1990. Effect of Dietaıy Level of Barley-Based Supplements and Ruminal Buffer on Digestion and Growth by Beel Cattle. J . Anim. Sci. 68, 433443
  • McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R., Heron, S.J.E. 1991. Microorganisms. In: McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R., Heron, S.J.E. (Eds.), The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, Abersytwyth, UK, pp. 81–151 (Chapter 4).
  • Miron, J., Solomon, R., Adin, G., Nir, U., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Carmi, A., Weinberg, Z.G., Kipnis, T., Zuckerman, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D. 2006. Effects Of Harvest Stage and Re-Growth on Yield, Composition, Ensilage And In Vitro Digestibility of New Forage Sorghum Varieties. J Sci Food Agric 86: 140–147.
  • Miron, J., Zuckerman, E., Sadeh, D, Adin, G., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D., Carmi, A., Kipnis, T., Solomon., R. 2005. Yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of new forage sorghum varieties and their ensilage characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology,120, 17–32.
  • Oswalt, D. L. 1973. Nutritional Quality of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench as Estimated by Polyphenols, Crude Protein, Aminoacit Composition and Rat Performance, Sorghum News Letter.
  • Pholsen, S., Kasikranan, S., Pholsen, P., Suksri, A. 19 Dry Matter, Chemical Components and Dry Matter degredability of Ten Sorghum Cultivas (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench) Grown on Oxic Paleustult Soil. Pakistan J. of Sci., 1 (3), 228-231. Sanchez, A.C., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenhow, D.T., Nguyen, H.T. 2002. Mapping QTLs Associated With Drought Resistance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). J. Plant. Mol. Biol, 48, 7137
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Snyman, L.D., Joubert, H.W. 1996. Effect of maturity stage and method of preservation on the yield and quality of forage sorghum.
  • Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57 (1-2), 63-73. Uzun, F., Ugur, S., Sulak, M. 2009. Yield, nitrition and Chemical Properties of Some Sorghum x Sudan Grass Hybrids (Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense Stapf.). J. Of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8 (8), 1602-1608.
  • Van Soest P.J. Wine, R.H. 1967. The Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. IV. Determination of Plant Cell Wall Constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 50: 50
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. The Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibre Feeds. II. A Rapid Method for the Determination of Fibre and Lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 46: 829-8

Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 34 - 38, 13.11.2013

Öz

 

In this study, ensile characteristics and nutritive value of different sorghum varieties were investigated. Sorghum genotypes were grown in Kahramanmaraş Province of Turkey, and harvested at dough stage for silage. Experiments were carried out in randomized block design with 3 replications. Five Sorghum genotypes (ICSB 502, ROX, SC 941 ICSB 564 and B24) were used as plant materials of the study and crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), fleig score, pH and some fatty acid contents were determined.

Significant differences were observed among varieties with regard to investigated parameters. The variations in chemical compositions were affected by genetic difference between genotypes.  The CP values of genotypes varies between 6.76 to 10.70%, NDF  between 47.82,and 61.06 ADF between 30.51 and 44.04%,.The lactic acid and butyric acid contents ranged  from 19.00 to 44.38 and 2.14 to 4.48 g/kg DM, respectively. The fleig score ranged from 90.21 to 97.11. Results of present study revealed that sorghum could be ensiled at dough stage to obtain high quality silage and SC 941 could be recommended as a good source of feed for the local producers of the region.

 

Kaynakça

  • Abdelmawla, S.M., Fontenot, J.P., El-Ashry, M.A. 1988. Composited, deep stacked and ensiled broiler litter in sheep diets: chemical composition and nutritive value study. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Anim. Sci. Res. Rep. No. 7, 127-129.
  • Al-Rokayan, S.A., Naseer1, Z., Chaudhry, S.M. 1998, Nutritional quality and digestibility of sorghumbroiler litter silages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 75, 65-73.
  • Anonymous, (2008a). Turkish State Meteorological Service, Statistics of Directorate Kahramanmaraş.
  • Anonymous, (2008b). Soil Analysis Laboratory of Agricultural Directorates of Kahramanmaras.
  • AOAC, 1990. Official Method of Analysis. 15th. Edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, DC. USA.
  • Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z.G., Bolsen, K.K., Hen, Y., Arieli, A. 1999. The Silage Characteristics of Two Varieties of Forage Sorghum Mixed in Different Proportions and at Two Stages of Maturity. African J. Range Forage Sci. 15, 68–71.
  • Bingol, N.T., Baytok, E. 2003. The Effect of Some Silage Additives in Sorghum Silage on the Silage Quality and Ruminal Degradabilities of Nutrients I. The effects on Silage Quality. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27, 15-20.
  • Black , J.R., Ely, L.O., Mc Cullough, M.E., Sudweeks E.M. 1980. Effects of Stage of Maturity and Silage Additives Upon the Yield of Gross and Digestible Energy in Sorghum Silage. J. Anim. Sci., 50, 6176
  • Black, J.R., Ely, L.O., McCullough, M.E., Sudweeks, E.M. 1980. Effects of stage of maturity and silage additives upon the yield of gross and digestible energy in sorghum silage. J. Dairy Sci., 50, 617-624. Bolsen, K.K. 2004, Sorghum Silage: A Summary of 25 Years of Research at Kansas State University, Paper for the Southeast Dairy Herd Management Conference, Macon, Georgia; November 16-17.
  • Çakmakçı, S., Gündüz, S., Çeçen, S., Aydınoğlu, B. 19 Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.)’un Silajlık Kullanımında Farklı Biçim devrelerinin Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri. Tr. J. of Agriculture and Forestry 23 (Ek Sayı, 3), 603-611. Caswell, L.F., Fontenot, J.P., Webb Jr, K.E. 1975. Effect of processing treatment on pasteurization and microcomponents of broiler litter and on nitrogen utilization by sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 40, 750-755.
  • Cummins, D.C. 1981. Yield and Quality Changes with Maturity of Silage-Type Sorghum Fodder. Agronomy J. 73 (6), 988-990.
  • Danner, H., Holzer, M., Mayrhuber, E., Braun, R. 2003. Acetic Acid Increases Stability of Silage under Aerobic Conditions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69 (1), 562-567.
  • Filya, I. 2004, Nutritive value and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage harvested at four stages of maturity, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 116,141–150.
  • Flachowsky, G., Henning, A. 1990. Composition and digestibility of untreaanimal excreta for ruminants-A review. Biol. Wastes 31, 16-36.
  • Hanna, W.W., Monson, W.G., Gaines, T.P. 1981. IVDMD, total sugars, and lignin measurements of normal and brown midrib (bmr) sorghums at various stages of development. Agronomy J. 73, 1050–1052. Hibbert, C.A., Wagner, D.G., Schemm, R.L., Mitchell, Jr. E.D., Hintz, R.L., Weibel, D.E. 1982. Nutritive Characteristics of Different Varieties of Sorghum and Corn Grains. J. Anim. Sci., 55, 665-672.
  • Hinds, M., Brethour, J., Bolsen, K., Harvey, I. 1992. Inoculant and Urea-Molasses Additives for Forage Sorghum Silage. Kansas State University Cattlemen’s Day, 11-15. Manhattan, KS.
  • Johnson, R.R., De Faria, V.P., Mc Clure, K.E. 1971. Effects of Maturity on Chemical Composition 258 and Digestibility of Bird Resistant Sorghum Plant When Fed to Sheep as Silages. J. Anim. Sci., 33, 259 1102-1109.
  • Kallah, M.S., Muhammad, I.R., Baba, N., Lawal, R. 19 The effect of maturity on the composition of hay and made from Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Tropical Grasslands, 33, 46-50. Keskin, B., Yılmaz, I. H., Karslı, M.A., Nursoy, H. 200 Effects of Urea or Urea plus Molasses Supplementation to Silages with Different Sorghum Varieties Harvested at the Milk Stage on the Quality and in Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Silages, Turk J. Vet. Anim Sci., 2 (9), 1143-1147.
  • Kilic, A. 1984. Silo Yemi (Silage Feed). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Turkey, p. 350, Leventini, M.W., Hunt, C. W., Roffler, R.E., Casebelt, O.G. 1990. Effect of Dietaıy Level of Barley-Based Supplements and Ruminal Buffer on Digestion and Growth by Beel Cattle. J . Anim. Sci. 68, 433443
  • McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R., Heron, S.J.E. 1991. Microorganisms. In: McDonald, P., Henderson, A.R., Heron, S.J.E. (Eds.), The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd ed. Chalcombe Publications, Abersytwyth, UK, pp. 81–151 (Chapter 4).
  • Miron, J., Solomon, R., Adin, G., Nir, U., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Carmi, A., Weinberg, Z.G., Kipnis, T., Zuckerman, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D. 2006. Effects Of Harvest Stage and Re-Growth on Yield, Composition, Ensilage And In Vitro Digestibility of New Forage Sorghum Varieties. J Sci Food Agric 86: 140–147.
  • Miron, J., Zuckerman, E., Sadeh, D, Adin, G., Nikbachat, M., Yosef, E., Ben-Ghedalia, D., Carmi, A., Kipnis, T., Solomon., R. 2005. Yield, composition and in vitro digestibility of new forage sorghum varieties and their ensilage characteristics. Animal Feed Science and Technology,120, 17–32.
  • Oswalt, D. L. 1973. Nutritional Quality of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench as Estimated by Polyphenols, Crude Protein, Aminoacit Composition and Rat Performance, Sorghum News Letter.
  • Pholsen, S., Kasikranan, S., Pholsen, P., Suksri, A. 19 Dry Matter, Chemical Components and Dry Matter degredability of Ten Sorghum Cultivas (Sorghum bicolar L. Moench) Grown on Oxic Paleustult Soil. Pakistan J. of Sci., 1 (3), 228-231. Sanchez, A.C., Subudhi, P.K., Rosenhow, D.T., Nguyen, H.T. 2002. Mapping QTLs Associated With Drought Resistance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). J. Plant. Mol. Biol, 48, 7137
  • SAS, 1999. SAS User’s Guide: Statistic. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Snyman, L.D., Joubert, H.W. 1996. Effect of maturity stage and method of preservation on the yield and quality of forage sorghum.
  • Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57 (1-2), 63-73. Uzun, F., Ugur, S., Sulak, M. 2009. Yield, nitrition and Chemical Properties of Some Sorghum x Sudan Grass Hybrids (Sorghum bicolar (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense Stapf.). J. Of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8 (8), 1602-1608.
  • Van Soest P.J. Wine, R.H. 1967. The Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. IV. Determination of Plant Cell Wall Constituents. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 50: 50
  • Van Soest, P.J. 1963. The Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibre Feeds. II. A Rapid Method for the Determination of Fibre and Lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 46: 829-8
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm HAYVAN BESLEME (Animal Nutrition)
Yazarlar

Mahmut Kaplan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Kasım 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaplan, M. (2013). Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.59513
AMA Kaplan M. Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. Kasım 2013;16(2):34-38. doi:10.18016/ksujns.59513
Chicago Kaplan, Mahmut. “Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 16, sy. 2 (Kasım 2013): 34-38. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.59513.
EndNote Kaplan M (01 Kasım 2013) Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 16 2 34–38.
IEEE M. Kaplan, “Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties”, KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 2, ss. 34–38, 2013, doi: 10.18016/ksujns.59513.
ISNAD Kaplan, Mahmut. “Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 16/2 (Kasım 2013), 34-38. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.59513.
JAMA Kaplan M. Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;16:34–38.
MLA Kaplan, Mahmut. “Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 16, sy. 2, 2013, ss. 34-38, doi:10.18016/ksujns.59513.
Vancouver Kaplan M. Potential Nutritive Value and Ensilage Characteristics of Forage Sorghum Varieties. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;16(2):34-8.