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Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 407 - 414, 05.11.2016

Öz

Bu çalışma, broyler rasyonlarında ayçiçek asit yağının kullanım olanaklarını araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Ayçiçek asit yağı, rasyonlarda %0 (kontrol), %2, %4, %6 ve %8 olmak üzere beş farklı düzeyde kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf parselleri desenine göre düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmada, performans, karkas ve kan parametrelerine ait bazı değerler araştırılmıştır. Toplam canlı ağırlık kazancı, toplam yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma bakımından gruplar arasındaki farklılık önemsiz bulunmuştur (P>0.05). Karkas ağırlığı ve karkas randımanı bakımından gruplar arasındaki farklılık önemli olmuştur (P<0.05). Karkas suyu ve karkas ham protein ölçümleri bakımından ise gruplar arasındaki farklılık çok önemli (P<0.01), karkas ham yağ, ham kül ve abdominal yağ miktarları yönünden ise farklılık önemsiz çıkmıştır (P>0.05). Plazma glukozu bakımından farklılık önemli olmuş (P<0.05); ancak plazma toplam proteini ve yüksek yoğunluklu plazma toplam lipoproteini bakımından farklılık önemsiz bulunmuştur (P>0.05). Bu araştırmada, rasyonlarda ayçiçek asit yağının %8’e kadar kullanılmasının etlik piliçler üzerinde herhangi bir olumsuzluğa neden olmadığı saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayçiçek asit yağı, Broyler, Diyet, Performans, Karkas ve Plazma parametreleri

 

The Effects of Sunflower Acid Oil on the General Performance, Carcass and Some Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens

 

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine the utilization of sunflower acid oil in the broiler diets. The sunflower acid oil was used at five different levels; 0% (control), 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% in the broiler diets. The experiment was conducted as completely randomized design. In the study, some carcass characteristics and blood parameters were investigated. Total live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were found not to be significantly (P>0.05) different compared to control. The carcass weight and carcass yield were affected significantly (P<0.05) by sunflower acid oil. Carcass water ratio and crude protein measurement were found to be significant (P<0.01), crude fat, abdominal fat and the ash of the carcass were not significant (P>0.05). Plasma glucose levels found to be also statistically significant (P<0.05), but not plasma total protein and plasma total lipoprotein (P>0.05) compared to control. In this study, the sunflower acid oil used in ratios of up to 8% did not cause any negativity in the broiler chicks.

Key words: Sunflower acid oil, Broiler, Diet, Performance, Carcass and Plasma parameters.

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız, R. 1984. Yemler bilgisi laboratuvar kılavuzu, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını: 895. Uygulama Kılavuzu; 213, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1990. Approved Method of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 8th ed. St. Paul, Minnesota: AACC. U.S.A.
  • Alizadeh, S., Shahir, M.H., Amanlo, H., Baradaran, N., Asadi Kermani, Z. 2012. Sunflower oil production wastes (acidulated soap stock) as an energy source in broiler chickens diet. The 1th International and The 4th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 26-27 in Isfahan, Iran.
  • Alqub, M.A.A. 2013. Performance and body fatty acid composition of broiler chicks, fed different dietary fat sources. Page:56.
  • Baião, N.C., Lara, L.J.C., 2005. Oil and fat in broiler nutrition. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. ISSN 1516-635X Jul - Sep 2005 / v.7 / n.3 / 129 - 141).
  • Balevi, T., Coskun, B., Aktumsek, A. 2001. Use of oil industry by-products in broiler diets. Revue Med. Vet.,152: 805-810.
  • Bilal, T., Ozpinar, H., Abas, I., Kutay, H.C. 2001. The effects of different fat sources used in broiler rations on performance, abdominal fat accumulation and fat digestibility. Archiv fiir Gefliigelkunde, 65: 251-257. (Poult. Abstr., 2002, 28: 1152).
  • Crespo, N., Esteve-Garcia, E., 2002. Nutrient and fatty acid deposition in broilers fed different dietary fatty acid profiles. Poultry Sci.; 81: 1533-1542.
  • Crespo, N., Esteve-Garcia, E. 2003. Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce insulin and very low density lipoprotein levels in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci.;82:1134-1139.
  • Coşkun, B., Balevi, T., Aktümsek, A. 2000. Yumurtacı tavukların rasyonlarına ilave edilen yağ sanayi yan ürünlerinin verim ve yumurta sarısı yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri. International Animal Nutrition Congress; P: 310-317.
  • De Greyt, W., Kellens, M. 2000. Refining practice. In: Edible oil processing. Ed. W. Hamm and R. J. Hamilton. Sheffield Academic Press. Sheffield: 90-94.
  • Ferrini, G., Baucells, M.D., Esteve-Garcia, E., Barroeta, A.C. 2008. Dietary polyunsaturated fat reduces skin fat as well as abdominal fat in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 87:528-535.
  • Ferrini, G., Manzanilla, E.G., Menoyo, D., Esteve-Garcia, E., Baucells, M.D., Barroeta, A.C. 2010. Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids in fat metabolism and thyroid hormone levels when compared to dietary saturated fatty acids in chickens. Livestock Science, 131: 287–291.
  • Gaafar, K.M. 2014. Effects of feeding broiler chickens on diets contained semi-refined or frying sunflower oil on their growth performance and carcass traits. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473.
  • Gander, K.F. 1984. Fats and Oils as feedstocks for oleochemiclas. JAOCS 61:268.
  • Gornall, A.C., Bardawill, C.L., David, M.M., 1949. Determination of serum protein by means of the biuret reaction. J.Biol. Cham., 177-751.
  • Hubbell, C.H. 1990. Feedstuff analysis table. Feedstuffs, 62; 58-59.
  • Jayalakshmi, N.S., Mathivanan, R., Amutha, R., Edwin, S.C.,
  • Viswanathan, K. 2006. Production performance and carcass traits of broilers fed with sunflower acid oil. International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (9): 890-894, ISSN 1682-8356.
  • Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M.A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M.E., Ahmed, S. 2008. Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poult. Sci., 87: 468-474.
  • Kubena , L.F., Chen, T.C., Deaton, J.W., Reece, F.N. 1974. Factors ınfluencing the quantity of abdominal fat in broilers. Poultry Science, 53:974-978.
  • Lara L.J.C., Baiapo, N.C., Aguilar, C.A.L., Cançado, S.V., Fiuza, M.A., Riberio, B.R.C. 2005. Effect of lipid sources of diets on broiler performance. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 57: 792–798.
  • Lara, L., Baiao, N.C., Aguilar, C.A. 2006. Carcass yield, composition and fat acid percentage of carcass for broiler fed on different lipid source diets. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola. 1:65-69.
  • Latshaw, J.D. 2008. Daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of the diet. Poultry Science;87:89-95.
  • Lecoq, R., 1972. Manuel d’Analyses Medicales et de Biologie Clinique. 3 edition, Tom II, Paris.
  • Leeson, S., Summers, I.D. 1991. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. University Books. .O.Box 1326, Guelph, Ontorio.
  • Leeson S., Atteh, J.O. 1995. Utilization of fats and fatty acids by turkey poults. Poultry Science;74:2003-2010.
  • Leeson, S., Summers, J.D. 2001. Nutrition of the chicken. 4th ed. Ontario:University Books; 413p).
  • Mızrak, C., Ceylan, N., Çiftçi, İ., Kahraman, Z., Karaçaltı, M.S., 2005. Ayçiçek yağı yerine ayçiçeği asit yağı kullanılmasının yumurta tavuklarında performans, yumurta kalitesi ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi 6 (1): 21-24.
  • Michod, J., Frei, J. 1963. Methode rapide et specifique pour le dosage de la glycemia par l’o-toluidine pour les urgences. Bull.Soc. Suisse Cheim. Clin. 4.54.
  • Mollison, B., Guenter, W. 1987. Abdominal fat deposition and sudden death syndrome in broilers: the effectsof restricted ıntake early life caloric (fat) restriction and calorie/protein ratio. Poultry Science, 63:1190-1200.
  • Newman, R.E., Bryden, W.L., Kirby, A.C., Storlien, L.H., Downing, J.A. 2005. Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids alter avian glucose metabolism. British Poultry Science, 46: 104-113.
  • Nobakht, A., Tabatbaei, S., Khodaei, S. 2011. Effects of different sources and levels of vegetable oils on performance, carcass traits and accumulation of vitamin e in breast meat of broilers, Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci, 3, 601-605.
  • NRC, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. edn. 9th, The National Academy of Sciences., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • O’Brien, R.D. 2004. Chemical Refining and Fat and Oil Analysis. Pages 70-192 in: fats and oils, formulations and processing for applications. 2nd eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  • OECD/FAO. 2015.“OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook”, OECD Agriculture Statistics (database). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en.
  • Oil World, USDA, 2016. USDA reports. Sunflower Statistics, World Supply and Disappearance. NationalSunflowerAssociation.http://www.sunflowernsa.com/stats/world-supply/.
  • Osim, E.E., Owu, D.U., Etta, K.M. 1996. Mean arterial pressure and lipid profile in rats following chronic ingestion of palm oil diets. Afr. J. Med. Sci.;25:335-340.
  • Pardio, V.T., Landin, LA., Waliszewski, K.N., Badillo, C., Perez-Gil, F. 2001. The effect of acidified soapstock on feed conversion and broiler skin pigmentation. Poultry Science; 80:1236-1239.
  • Pekel, A.Y., Demirel, G., Midilli, M., Öğretmen T., Kocabağlı, N. and Alp, M. 2013. Comparison of broiler live performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of thigh meat when fed diets supplemented with neutralized sunflower soapstock or soybean oil. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22 :118-131.
  • Sanz, M., Lopez-Bote, CJ., Menoyo, D., Bautista, J.M. 2000a. Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and β-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. J. Nutr.;130:3034-3037.
  • Sanz, M., Flores, A., Lopez-Bote, C.J. 2000b. The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. Br Poult Sci.;41:61-68.
  • SAS, Institute. 2005. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Senkoylu, N., Akyürek, H., Samli, H.E., Yurdakurban, N. 2004. Performance and egg weight of laying hens fed on the diets with various by-product oils from the oilseed extraction refinery. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3 (1): 38-42.
  • Sklan, D., Ayal, A., 1989. Effect of saturated fatty acids on growth, body fat and carcass quality in chicks. Br. Poultry Sci. 30, 407-411.
  • Skrivan, M., Skrivanova, V., Marounek, M., Tumova, E., Wolf, J., 2000. Influence of dietary fat source and copper supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid profile of meat and depot fat, and on cholesterol content in meat. Br. Poultry Sci. 41, 608-614.
  • Şenköylü, N., 1990. İçyağ, asitli yağ ve bunların karışımının broyler performansına etkileri. 23-25 Mayıs 1990 Uluslararası Tavukçuluk Kongresi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Basım Ünitesi, S:192-202, Ankara.
  • TSE 1991. Hayvan Yemleri-Metabolik (Çevrilebilir) Enerji Tayini (Kimyasal Metod), Türk Standartları Entütüsü, TS / 9610, Udk 636.085.
  • Wiseman, J., Salvador, F. 1991. The influence of free fatty acid content and degree of saturation on the apparent metabolizable energy value of fats fed to broilers. Poultry Science; 70:573-582.
  • Wiseman, J., Edmunds, B.K., Shepperson, N., 1992. The apparent metabolisable energy of sunflower oil and sunflower acid oil for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 36 (1-2) : 41-51.
  • Vieira, S.L., Ribeiro, A.M.L., Kessler, A.M., Fernandes L.M., Ebert, A.R., Eichner, G. 2002. Utilização da energia de dietas para frangos de corte formuladas com óleo ácido de soja. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science; 4:127-131.
  • Vila, B., Esteve-Garcia, E. 1996. Studies on acid oils and fatty acids for chickens I. Influence of age, rate of inclusion and degree of saturation on fat digestibility and metabolisable energy of acid oils. Br. Poult. Sci., 37: 105-117.
  • Villaverde, C., Baucells, M.D., Cortinas, L., Hervera, M., Barroeta, A.C. 2005. Chemical composition and energy content of chickens in response to different levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arch. of Animal Nutr. 59, 281-292.
  • Zhou, T.X., Chen, Y.J., Yoo, J.S., Huang, Y., Jee, J.H., Jang, H.D., Shin, S.O., Kim, H.J., Cho, J.H., Kim, I.H. 2009. Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci.;88:593-600.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 407 - 414, 05.11.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akyıldız, R. 1984. Yemler bilgisi laboratuvar kılavuzu, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını: 895. Uygulama Kılavuzu; 213, Ankara.
  • Anonymous, 1990. Approved Method of the American Association of Cereal Chemists. 8th ed. St. Paul, Minnesota: AACC. U.S.A.
  • Alizadeh, S., Shahir, M.H., Amanlo, H., Baradaran, N., Asadi Kermani, Z. 2012. Sunflower oil production wastes (acidulated soap stock) as an energy source in broiler chickens diet. The 1th International and The 4th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture 26-27 in Isfahan, Iran.
  • Alqub, M.A.A. 2013. Performance and body fatty acid composition of broiler chicks, fed different dietary fat sources. Page:56.
  • Baião, N.C., Lara, L.J.C., 2005. Oil and fat in broiler nutrition. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. ISSN 1516-635X Jul - Sep 2005 / v.7 / n.3 / 129 - 141).
  • Balevi, T., Coskun, B., Aktumsek, A. 2001. Use of oil industry by-products in broiler diets. Revue Med. Vet.,152: 805-810.
  • Bilal, T., Ozpinar, H., Abas, I., Kutay, H.C. 2001. The effects of different fat sources used in broiler rations on performance, abdominal fat accumulation and fat digestibility. Archiv fiir Gefliigelkunde, 65: 251-257. (Poult. Abstr., 2002, 28: 1152).
  • Crespo, N., Esteve-Garcia, E., 2002. Nutrient and fatty acid deposition in broilers fed different dietary fatty acid profiles. Poultry Sci.; 81: 1533-1542.
  • Crespo, N., Esteve-Garcia, E. 2003. Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce insulin and very low density lipoprotein levels in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci.;82:1134-1139.
  • Coşkun, B., Balevi, T., Aktümsek, A. 2000. Yumurtacı tavukların rasyonlarına ilave edilen yağ sanayi yan ürünlerinin verim ve yumurta sarısı yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri. International Animal Nutrition Congress; P: 310-317.
  • De Greyt, W., Kellens, M. 2000. Refining practice. In: Edible oil processing. Ed. W. Hamm and R. J. Hamilton. Sheffield Academic Press. Sheffield: 90-94.
  • Ferrini, G., Baucells, M.D., Esteve-Garcia, E., Barroeta, A.C. 2008. Dietary polyunsaturated fat reduces skin fat as well as abdominal fat in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 87:528-535.
  • Ferrini, G., Manzanilla, E.G., Menoyo, D., Esteve-Garcia, E., Baucells, M.D., Barroeta, A.C. 2010. Effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids in fat metabolism and thyroid hormone levels when compared to dietary saturated fatty acids in chickens. Livestock Science, 131: 287–291.
  • Gaafar, K.M. 2014. Effects of feeding broiler chickens on diets contained semi-refined or frying sunflower oil on their growth performance and carcass traits. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research Volume 3, Issue 2, ISSN (Online) 2319-1473.
  • Gander, K.F. 1984. Fats and Oils as feedstocks for oleochemiclas. JAOCS 61:268.
  • Gornall, A.C., Bardawill, C.L., David, M.M., 1949. Determination of serum protein by means of the biuret reaction. J.Biol. Cham., 177-751.
  • Hubbell, C.H. 1990. Feedstuff analysis table. Feedstuffs, 62; 58-59.
  • Jayalakshmi, N.S., Mathivanan, R., Amutha, R., Edwin, S.C.,
  • Viswanathan, K. 2006. Production performance and carcass traits of broilers fed with sunflower acid oil. International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (9): 890-894, ISSN 1682-8356.
  • Kamran, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Nadeem, M.A., Mahmood, S., Babar, M.E., Ahmed, S. 2008. Effect of low-protein diets having constant energy-to-protein ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from one to thirty-five days of age. Poult. Sci., 87: 468-474.
  • Kubena , L.F., Chen, T.C., Deaton, J.W., Reece, F.N. 1974. Factors ınfluencing the quantity of abdominal fat in broilers. Poultry Science, 53:974-978.
  • Lara L.J.C., Baiapo, N.C., Aguilar, C.A.L., Cançado, S.V., Fiuza, M.A., Riberio, B.R.C. 2005. Effect of lipid sources of diets on broiler performance. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 57: 792–798.
  • Lara, L., Baiao, N.C., Aguilar, C.A. 2006. Carcass yield, composition and fat acid percentage of carcass for broiler fed on different lipid source diets. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia Avicola. 1:65-69.
  • Latshaw, J.D. 2008. Daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of the diet. Poultry Science;87:89-95.
  • Lecoq, R., 1972. Manuel d’Analyses Medicales et de Biologie Clinique. 3 edition, Tom II, Paris.
  • Leeson, S., Summers, I.D. 1991. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. University Books. .O.Box 1326, Guelph, Ontorio.
  • Leeson S., Atteh, J.O. 1995. Utilization of fats and fatty acids by turkey poults. Poultry Science;74:2003-2010.
  • Leeson, S., Summers, J.D. 2001. Nutrition of the chicken. 4th ed. Ontario:University Books; 413p).
  • Mızrak, C., Ceylan, N., Çiftçi, İ., Kahraman, Z., Karaçaltı, M.S., 2005. Ayçiçek yağı yerine ayçiçeği asit yağı kullanılmasının yumurta tavuklarında performans, yumurta kalitesi ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri. Tavukçuluk Araştırma Dergisi 6 (1): 21-24.
  • Michod, J., Frei, J. 1963. Methode rapide et specifique pour le dosage de la glycemia par l’o-toluidine pour les urgences. Bull.Soc. Suisse Cheim. Clin. 4.54.
  • Mollison, B., Guenter, W. 1987. Abdominal fat deposition and sudden death syndrome in broilers: the effectsof restricted ıntake early life caloric (fat) restriction and calorie/protein ratio. Poultry Science, 63:1190-1200.
  • Newman, R.E., Bryden, W.L., Kirby, A.C., Storlien, L.H., Downing, J.A. 2005. Dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids alter avian glucose metabolism. British Poultry Science, 46: 104-113.
  • Nobakht, A., Tabatbaei, S., Khodaei, S. 2011. Effects of different sources and levels of vegetable oils on performance, carcass traits and accumulation of vitamin e in breast meat of broilers, Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci, 3, 601-605.
  • NRC, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. edn. 9th, The National Academy of Sciences., National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
  • O’Brien, R.D. 2004. Chemical Refining and Fat and Oil Analysis. Pages 70-192 in: fats and oils, formulations and processing for applications. 2nd eds. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  • OECD/FAO. 2015.“OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook”, OECD Agriculture Statistics (database). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en.
  • Oil World, USDA, 2016. USDA reports. Sunflower Statistics, World Supply and Disappearance. NationalSunflowerAssociation.http://www.sunflowernsa.com/stats/world-supply/.
  • Osim, E.E., Owu, D.U., Etta, K.M. 1996. Mean arterial pressure and lipid profile in rats following chronic ingestion of palm oil diets. Afr. J. Med. Sci.;25:335-340.
  • Pardio, V.T., Landin, LA., Waliszewski, K.N., Badillo, C., Perez-Gil, F. 2001. The effect of acidified soapstock on feed conversion and broiler skin pigmentation. Poultry Science; 80:1236-1239.
  • Pekel, A.Y., Demirel, G., Midilli, M., Öğretmen T., Kocabağlı, N. and Alp, M. 2013. Comparison of broiler live performance, carcass characteristics, and fatty acid composition of thigh meat when fed diets supplemented with neutralized sunflower soapstock or soybean oil. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 22 :118-131.
  • Sanz, M., Lopez-Bote, CJ., Menoyo, D., Bautista, J.M. 2000a. Abdominal fat deposition and fatty acid synthesis are lower and β-oxidation is higher in broiler chickens fed diets containing unsaturated rather than saturated fat. J. Nutr.;130:3034-3037.
  • Sanz, M., Flores, A., Lopez-Bote, C.J. 2000b. The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. Br Poult Sci.;41:61-68.
  • SAS, Institute. 2005. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics. Version 9.1 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  • Senkoylu, N., Akyürek, H., Samli, H.E., Yurdakurban, N. 2004. Performance and egg weight of laying hens fed on the diets with various by-product oils from the oilseed extraction refinery. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3 (1): 38-42.
  • Sklan, D., Ayal, A., 1989. Effect of saturated fatty acids on growth, body fat and carcass quality in chicks. Br. Poultry Sci. 30, 407-411.
  • Skrivan, M., Skrivanova, V., Marounek, M., Tumova, E., Wolf, J., 2000. Influence of dietary fat source and copper supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid profile of meat and depot fat, and on cholesterol content in meat. Br. Poultry Sci. 41, 608-614.
  • Şenköylü, N., 1990. İçyağ, asitli yağ ve bunların karışımının broyler performansına etkileri. 23-25 Mayıs 1990 Uluslararası Tavukçuluk Kongresi. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Basım Ünitesi, S:192-202, Ankara.
  • TSE 1991. Hayvan Yemleri-Metabolik (Çevrilebilir) Enerji Tayini (Kimyasal Metod), Türk Standartları Entütüsü, TS / 9610, Udk 636.085.
  • Wiseman, J., Salvador, F. 1991. The influence of free fatty acid content and degree of saturation on the apparent metabolizable energy value of fats fed to broilers. Poultry Science; 70:573-582.
  • Wiseman, J., Edmunds, B.K., Shepperson, N., 1992. The apparent metabolisable energy of sunflower oil and sunflower acid oil for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology 36 (1-2) : 41-51.
  • Vieira, S.L., Ribeiro, A.M.L., Kessler, A.M., Fernandes L.M., Ebert, A.R., Eichner, G. 2002. Utilização da energia de dietas para frangos de corte formuladas com óleo ácido de soja. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science; 4:127-131.
  • Vila, B., Esteve-Garcia, E. 1996. Studies on acid oils and fatty acids for chickens I. Influence of age, rate of inclusion and degree of saturation on fat digestibility and metabolisable energy of acid oils. Br. Poult. Sci., 37: 105-117.
  • Villaverde, C., Baucells, M.D., Cortinas, L., Hervera, M., Barroeta, A.C. 2005. Chemical composition and energy content of chickens in response to different levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arch. of Animal Nutr. 59, 281-292.
  • Zhou, T.X., Chen, Y.J., Yoo, J.S., Huang, Y., Jee, J.H., Jang, H.D., Shin, S.O., Kim, H.J., Cho, J.H., Kim, I.H. 2009. Effects of chitooligosaccharide supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci.;88:593-600.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Süleyman Çalışlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalışlar, S. (2016). Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 407-414.
AMA Çalışlar S. Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. Kasım 2016;19(4):407-414.
Chicago Çalışlar, Süleyman. “Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas Ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 19, sy. 4 (Kasım 2016): 407-14.
EndNote Çalışlar S (01 Kasım 2016) Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 19 4 407–414.
IEEE S. Çalışlar, “Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”, KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 4, ss. 407–414, 2016.
ISNAD Çalışlar, Süleyman. “Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas Ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 19/4 (Kasım 2016), 407-414.
JAMA Çalışlar S. Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;19:407–414.
MLA Çalışlar, Süleyman. “Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas Ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi”. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 19, sy. 4, 2016, ss. 407-14.
Vancouver Çalışlar S. Ayçiçek Asit Yağının Broyler Piliçlerin Genel Performans, Karkas ve Bazı Kan Parametrelerine Etkisi. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;19(4):407-14.