Kahramanmaraş İlindeki İçme, Kullanma ve Çevresel Suların Mikrobiyolojik Niteliğinin Membran Filtrasyon Sistemi İle Belirlenmesi
Öz
Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ve çevresindeki içme/kullanma suları ile çevresel (nehir, göl) gibi suların mikrobiyolojik kalitesi araştırıldı. Bu araştırmada, çeşitli su örneklerinden membran filtrasyon yöntemi ile bakteriler izole edildi. Bu amaçla, su kaynaklarından 6 ay süresince toplanan 67 adet su numunesi çalışmaya alındı. Numuneler, 0.45μm porlu selüloz membran filtrelerden süzüldükten sonra filtreler Endo-NKS ve Standart TTC-NKS besiyerlerine yerleştirildi. Daha sonra her besiyeri 37 ºC’de 24 saat inkübe edildi. Besiyerlerinde üreyen bakteri kolonileri biyokimyasal yöntemlerle identifiye edildi. Sonuçta, 67 adet su numunesinin 53’ünde (%79) Escherichia coli ve diğer bakteriler izole edildi. İçme ve kullanma sularındaki Escherichia coli varlığı fekal bir kontaminasyonu gösterdiğinden, bu durumun su kaynaklı infeksiyonlara yol açabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar sözcükler: Membran filtrasyon yöntemi, içme ve kullanma suyu, çevresel sular, bakteriler
Detection of Microbial Quality of Drinking, Using and Environmental Waters in Kahramanmaraş City by Membrane Filtration System
ABSTRACT: In this study, the microbiological quality of drinking/using water and environmental (river, lake) waters was investigated in Kahramanmaraş area. In this investigation, bacteria were isolated by using membrane filtration methods from some water samples. For this purpose, 67 water samples TTC were collected and analyzed over course of 6 months. The samples were filtered through 0.45μm pore size cellulose membrane filter. After filtration, filters was placed on the Endo-NKS and Standart TTC-NKS medium and incubated for 24h at 37 ºC. Bacteria colonies on the medium were identified by biochemical methods. In conclusion, Escherichia coli and different bacteria were isolated in 53 (79 %) of 67 water samples. The presence of Escherichia coli in the water samples exhibited existence of fecal contamination in the drinking/using water, which is thought to cause water origin infections.
Key words: Membrane filtration method, drinking and using water, environmental waters, bacteria
Kaynakça
- Albert MJ, Faruque ASG, Faruque SM, Sack RB, Mahalanabis D 1999. Case-Control Study of Enteropathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhoea İn Dhaka. Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol,37 (11): 3458–3464.
- Anonim 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. 17.02.2005 Resmi Gazete Sayısı:25730, Ek1(parametreler ve sınır değerleri, değişiklik ek:RG-7/3/2013-28580).
- Anonim 2007. MEGEP Gıda Teknolojisi İçme Ve Kullanma Suyu Analizleri. Http://Hbogm.Meb.Gov.Tr/Modulerprogramlar/Kurs Programlari/Gida/Moduller/ İcme Ve Kullanma_Suyu_Analizleri.Pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2016.
- CDC2016. Water-related Diseases and Contaminants in Public Water Systems. http://www.cdc.gov/ healthywater /drinking/public/water_diseases.html, (Erişim tarihi: 18.01.2016).
- Dufour A, Strickland ER, Cabellit VJ, 1981. Membrane Filter Method for Enumerating Escherichia coli. App. Environ. Microbiol, 5:1152-1158.
- Edberg SC, Rice EW, Karlin RJ, Allen MJ 2000. Escherichia coli: The Best Biological Drinking Water İndicator For Public Health Protection. Symposium Series, Society For Applied Microbiology, 29:106-116.
- Evans TM, Waarvick CE, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW 1981a. Failure of the Most-Probable-Number Technique to Detects in Drinking Water and Raw Water Suppliest. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(1):130-138.
- Evans TM, Waarvick CE, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW 1981b. Species Recovered from Untreated Surface Water and Drinking Water by the Membrane Filter, Standard, and Modified Most-Probable-Number Techniquest. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(3): 657-663.
- Evans TM, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW, 1981c. Impact of Verification Media and Resuscitation on Accuracy of the Membrane Filter Total Enumeration Techniquet. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(5):1141-1151.
- Farmer J J 1995. Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification. (Manual of Clinical Microbiology) 438-449.
- Grabow EK, Preez M, 1979. Comparison of m-Endo LES, MacConkey, and Teepol Media for Membrane Filtration Counting of Total Bacteria in Water. App. Environ. Microbiol, 38 (3):351-358.
- Green BL, Clausen EM, Litsky W 1977. Two-Temperature Membrane Filter Method for Enumerating Fecal Bacteria from Chlorinated Effluents. App. Environ. Microbiol, 33(6): 1259-1264.
- Kireçci E, Savaşçı M, Uslu, H 2006. Kars ve Sarıkamış Çevresindeki İçme Suyu Kaynaklarından Membran Filtrasyon Yöntemi ile Escherichia coli İzolasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg, 1 (1-2):29-32.
- Licence KR, Oates BA, Reid TMS 2001. An outbreak of E. coli O157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply. Epidemiol. Infect, 126:135–138.
- Mcfeters GA, Stuart DG 1972. Survival of Bacteria in Natural Waters:Field and Laboratory Studies with Membrane-Filter Chambers. App. Environ. Microbiol, 24(5): 805-811.
- Nedachin AE, Artemova TZ, Dmitrieva RA, Doskina TV, Talaeva IG 2005. Problems of Epidemic Safety of Drinking Water Use by the Population of Russia. Gig. Sanit, 6:14-8.
- Payment P, Siemiatycki J, Richardson L, Renaud G, Franco E, Prevos M 1997. A Prospective Epidemiological Study of Gastrointestinal Health Effects Due to the Consumption of Drinking Water. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 7(1):5-31.
- Rose R, Geldreich E, Litsky W 1975. Improved Membrane Filter Method for Fecal Analysis. App. Environ. Microbiol, 29(4): 532-536.
- World Health Organisation 2004. Guidelines for Drinking Water-Quality (3th ed), Genova.
Öz
Kaynakça
- Albert MJ, Faruque ASG, Faruque SM, Sack RB, Mahalanabis D 1999. Case-Control Study of Enteropathogens Associated with Childhood Diarrhoea İn Dhaka. Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol,37 (11): 3458–3464.
- Anonim 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. 17.02.2005 Resmi Gazete Sayısı:25730, Ek1(parametreler ve sınır değerleri, değişiklik ek:RG-7/3/2013-28580).
- Anonim 2007. MEGEP Gıda Teknolojisi İçme Ve Kullanma Suyu Analizleri. Http://Hbogm.Meb.Gov.Tr/Modulerprogramlar/Kurs Programlari/Gida/Moduller/ İcme Ve Kullanma_Suyu_Analizleri.Pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2016.
- CDC2016. Water-related Diseases and Contaminants in Public Water Systems. http://www.cdc.gov/ healthywater /drinking/public/water_diseases.html, (Erişim tarihi: 18.01.2016).
- Dufour A, Strickland ER, Cabellit VJ, 1981. Membrane Filter Method for Enumerating Escherichia coli. App. Environ. Microbiol, 5:1152-1158.
- Edberg SC, Rice EW, Karlin RJ, Allen MJ 2000. Escherichia coli: The Best Biological Drinking Water İndicator For Public Health Protection. Symposium Series, Society For Applied Microbiology, 29:106-116.
- Evans TM, Waarvick CE, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW 1981a. Failure of the Most-Probable-Number Technique to Detects in Drinking Water and Raw Water Suppliest. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(1):130-138.
- Evans TM, Waarvick CE, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW 1981b. Species Recovered from Untreated Surface Water and Drinking Water by the Membrane Filter, Standard, and Modified Most-Probable-Number Techniquest. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(3): 657-663.
- Evans TM, Seidler RJ, Lechevallier MW, 1981c. Impact of Verification Media and Resuscitation on Accuracy of the Membrane Filter Total Enumeration Techniquet. App. Environ. Microbiol, 41(5):1141-1151.
- Farmer J J 1995. Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification. (Manual of Clinical Microbiology) 438-449.
- Grabow EK, Preez M, 1979. Comparison of m-Endo LES, MacConkey, and Teepol Media for Membrane Filtration Counting of Total Bacteria in Water. App. Environ. Microbiol, 38 (3):351-358.
- Green BL, Clausen EM, Litsky W 1977. Two-Temperature Membrane Filter Method for Enumerating Fecal Bacteria from Chlorinated Effluents. App. Environ. Microbiol, 33(6): 1259-1264.
- Kireçci E, Savaşçı M, Uslu, H 2006. Kars ve Sarıkamış Çevresindeki İçme Suyu Kaynaklarından Membran Filtrasyon Yöntemi ile Escherichia coli İzolasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg, 1 (1-2):29-32.
- Licence KR, Oates BA, Reid TMS 2001. An outbreak of E. coli O157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply. Epidemiol. Infect, 126:135–138.
- Mcfeters GA, Stuart DG 1972. Survival of Bacteria in Natural Waters:Field and Laboratory Studies with Membrane-Filter Chambers. App. Environ. Microbiol, 24(5): 805-811.
- Nedachin AE, Artemova TZ, Dmitrieva RA, Doskina TV, Talaeva IG 2005. Problems of Epidemic Safety of Drinking Water Use by the Population of Russia. Gig. Sanit, 6:14-8.
- Payment P, Siemiatycki J, Richardson L, Renaud G, Franco E, Prevos M 1997. A Prospective Epidemiological Study of Gastrointestinal Health Effects Due to the Consumption of Drinking Water. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 7(1):5-31.
- Rose R, Geldreich E, Litsky W 1975. Improved Membrane Filter Method for Fecal Analysis. App. Environ. Microbiol, 29(4): 532-536.
- World Health Organisation 2004. Guidelines for Drinking Water-Quality (3th ed), Genova.
Ayrıntılar
| Bölüm | MİKROBİYOLOJİ (Microbiology) |
|---|---|
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2017 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2017 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1 |
