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Dallı darının (Panicum virgatum L.) Farklı Organik Çözücü Ekstraktlarının Bazı Bitki Patojeni Funguslar Karşı Antifungal Aktiviteleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 93 - 101, 28.12.2022

Öz

Bu çalışma, dallı darının (Panicum virgatum L.) farklı organik çözücü (aseton, etil asetat, kloroform ve methanol ) ekstraktlarının bitki patojeni Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), Alternaria solani (As), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl) ve Verticilium dahliae (Vd) üzerine antifungal aktivitelerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada dallı darının Nebraska orijinli Trailblazer (PI 549094) çeşidi ve Kuzey Dakota orijinli 70 SG 081 numaralı hattı (PI 642267) bitki materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. P. virgatum bitkilerinden 100’er g tartılarak, 1 litrelik cam kavanozlara konulmuştur. Bitki örneklerinin üzerini kapatacak kadar aseton, etil asetat, kloroform ve methanol organik çözücüleri ayrı ayrı kavanozlarda ilave edilerek ekstraksiyon yapılmıştır. Farklı organik çözücüler kullanılarak elde edilen ekstraktların antifungal aktiviteleri gıda zehirlenmesi metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, PV1 çeşit ve PV2 hattan elde edilen ekstraktların doz-etki denemeleri ile LC10, LC50 ve LC 90 etkili dozları hesaplanmıştır. Genel olarak PV1 ve PV2 ekstraktlarına en hassas patojenin Ss olduğu, bunu Vd, Forl ve As’nin izlediği belirlenmiştir. Doz etki sonuçlarına göre PV1’de en düşük LC değeri Vd’ya karşı aseton ekstraktında 0.66 mg/mL olarak belirlenmiştir. PV2’nin farklı organik ekstraktları içerisinde ise en düşük LC50 değeri 0.48 mg/ml olarak methanol ekstraktı ile Ss’a karşı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Atay, T. and Kepenekci, İ., (2016). Biological Control Potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26 (1): 7-10.
  • Bhat, R. G., and Subbarao, K. V. (1999). Host range specificity in Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology, 89(12), 1218-1225. Bruce, Alexander Ian, "Switchgrass Extractives Have Potential as a Value-added Antimicrobial Against Plant Pathogens and Foodborne Pathogens. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2016.
  • Gökçe, A., Whalon, M. E., Çam, H. I. T., Yanar, Y., Dem [idot] rtaş, İ. I. M., and Gőren, N. (2007). Contact and residual toxicities of 30 plant extracts to Colorado potato beetle larvae. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 40(6), 441-450.
  • Kepenekci, I., and Saglam, H. D. (2015). Extracts of Some Indigenous Plants Affecting Hatching and Mortality in the Root-Knot Nematode [Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood]. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 25(1), 39.
  • Kordali S., Cakir, A., Akcin, TA., Mete, E., Akcin A., Aydin, T. and Kilic, H. 2009. Antifungal and herbicidal properties of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of Achillea gypsicola Hub-Mor. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Ind. Crop Prod. 29: 562-570.
  • Lagopodi, A. L., Ram, A. F., Lamers, G. E., Punt, P. J., Van den Hondel, C. A., Lugtenberg, B. J., and Bloemberg, G. V. (2002). Novel aspects of tomato root colonization and infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis using the green fluorescent protein as a marker. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 15(2), 172-179.
  • Monti, A., Venturi, P. and Elbersen, H.W. 2001. Evaluation of the establishment of lowland and upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) varieties under different tillage and seedbed conditions in northern Italy. Soil Till. Res. 63, 75-83.
  • Nwosu, M.O. and Okafor, J.l., 1995. Preliminary studies of the antifungal activites of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi. Mycoses 38, 191-195.
  • Onaran, A., and Yanar, Y. (2011). Screening bacterial species for antagonistic activities against the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary causal agent of cucumber white mold disease. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(12), 2223-2229.
  • Pandey, D.K., Tripathi, N.N., Tripathi, R.D., Dixit, S.N., 1982. Fungitoxic and phytotoxic properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens. Z. Pflanzenkrankheiten Pflanzenschutz 89:344–349.
  • Parrish, D. J., and J. H. Fike. 2005. The biology and agronomy of switchgrass for biofuels. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24:423-459. Purdy, L. (1979). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: history, diseases and symptomatology, host range, geographic distribution, and impact. Phytopathology, 69(8), 875-880.
  • Schmer, M. R., Vogel, K. P., Mitchell, R. B., and Perrin, R. K. (2008). Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(2), 464-469.
  • Soylu, E.M., Yigitbas, H., Tok, F.M., Soylu, S., Kurt, S., Baysal, O. and Kaya, A.D. (2005). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Artemisia annua L. against foliar and soil-borne fungal pathogens. J. Plant Dis. Protect., 112: 229-239.
  • Vogel, K. P., Dewald, C. I., Gorz, H. J., and Haskins, F. A. (1985). Development of switchgrass, indiangrass, and eastern gamagrass: Current status and future. Range improvement in Western North America. Proceedings Range Management, Salt Lake City, Utah, February 14, 1985, pp. 51-62.
  • Vu, Andrea Linh (2011). Identifying Pathogens of Switchgrass and Investigating Antimicrobial Activity of Switchgrass-Derived Extractives. Master’s Theses. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 2011.
  • Wright, L. and Turhollow A., (2010). Switchgrass selection as a ‘‘model’’ bioenergy crop: A history of the process. Biomass and Bioenergy 34, 851–868
  • Yanar, Y., Kadioglu, I., Gökçe, A., Demirtas, I., Gören, N., Çam, H., and Whalon, M. (2011). In vitro antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts on mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(14), 2625.
  • Yazici, S., Yanar, Y., & Karaman, I. (2011). Evaluation of bacteria for biological control of early blightdisease of tomato. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9), 1573-1577.
  • Yilar, M., Bayar, Y., Abaci Bayar, A.A and Genc, N. (2020). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia bracteata Banks and the biological activity of its extracts: antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, antifungal and allelopathic effects. Botanica serbica. 44 (1): 71-79.
  • Yıldırım, A., Mavi, A. and Kara, A.A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts. J. Sci. Food Agric., 83:64-69.

Antifungal Activities of Different Organic Solvent Extracts of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 93 - 101, 28.12.2022

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the antifungal activities of different organic solvent (acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol) extracts of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) against the plant pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), Alternaria solani (As), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl) and Verticillium dahliae (Vd). In the research, Trailblazer (PI 549094) variety of Nebraska origin and 70 SG 081 numbered line (PI 642267) of North Dakota origin of switchgrass were used as plant material. 100 g of P. virgatum plant samples were weighed and put into 1 liter glass jars. Extraction was carried out by adding organic solvents; acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol in separate jars, enough to cover the plant parts. Antifungal activities of the extracts were determined by using food poisoning method. In addition, LC10, LC50 and LC90 doses of the extracts of switchgrass PV1cultivar and PV2 line. In general, it was determined that Ss was the most sensitive pathogen to PV1 and PV2 extracts, followed by Vd, Forl and As. As a result of the dose-effect study, the lowest LC value for PV1 was 0.66 mg/mL against Vd with acetone extract. Among different organic extracts of PV2, the lowest LC50 value was determined against Ss as 0.48 mg/ml with methanol extract.

Kaynakça

  • Atay, T. and Kepenekci, İ., (2016). Biological Control Potential of Turkish Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Holotrichapion pullum (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera, Apionidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26 (1): 7-10.
  • Bhat, R. G., and Subbarao, K. V. (1999). Host range specificity in Verticillium dahliae. Phytopathology, 89(12), 1218-1225. Bruce, Alexander Ian, "Switchgrass Extractives Have Potential as a Value-added Antimicrobial Against Plant Pathogens and Foodborne Pathogens. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2016.
  • Gökçe, A., Whalon, M. E., Çam, H. I. T., Yanar, Y., Dem [idot] rtaş, İ. I. M., and Gőren, N. (2007). Contact and residual toxicities of 30 plant extracts to Colorado potato beetle larvae. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 40(6), 441-450.
  • Kepenekci, I., and Saglam, H. D. (2015). Extracts of Some Indigenous Plants Affecting Hatching and Mortality in the Root-Knot Nematode [Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood]. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 25(1), 39.
  • Kordali S., Cakir, A., Akcin, TA., Mete, E., Akcin A., Aydin, T. and Kilic, H. 2009. Antifungal and herbicidal properties of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of Achillea gypsicola Hub-Mor. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae). Ind. Crop Prod. 29: 562-570.
  • Lagopodi, A. L., Ram, A. F., Lamers, G. E., Punt, P. J., Van den Hondel, C. A., Lugtenberg, B. J., and Bloemberg, G. V. (2002). Novel aspects of tomato root colonization and infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis using the green fluorescent protein as a marker. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 15(2), 172-179.
  • Monti, A., Venturi, P. and Elbersen, H.W. 2001. Evaluation of the establishment of lowland and upland switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) varieties under different tillage and seedbed conditions in northern Italy. Soil Till. Res. 63, 75-83.
  • Nwosu, M.O. and Okafor, J.l., 1995. Preliminary studies of the antifungal activites of some medicinal plants against Basidiobolus and some other pathogenic fungi. Mycoses 38, 191-195.
  • Onaran, A., and Yanar, Y. (2011). Screening bacterial species for antagonistic activities against the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary causal agent of cucumber white mold disease. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(12), 2223-2229.
  • Pandey, D.K., Tripathi, N.N., Tripathi, R.D., Dixit, S.N., 1982. Fungitoxic and phytotoxic properties of essential oil of Hyptis suaveolens. Z. Pflanzenkrankheiten Pflanzenschutz 89:344–349.
  • Parrish, D. J., and J. H. Fike. 2005. The biology and agronomy of switchgrass for biofuels. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 24:423-459. Purdy, L. (1979). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: history, diseases and symptomatology, host range, geographic distribution, and impact. Phytopathology, 69(8), 875-880.
  • Schmer, M. R., Vogel, K. P., Mitchell, R. B., and Perrin, R. K. (2008). Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(2), 464-469.
  • Soylu, E.M., Yigitbas, H., Tok, F.M., Soylu, S., Kurt, S., Baysal, O. and Kaya, A.D. (2005). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Artemisia annua L. against foliar and soil-borne fungal pathogens. J. Plant Dis. Protect., 112: 229-239.
  • Vogel, K. P., Dewald, C. I., Gorz, H. J., and Haskins, F. A. (1985). Development of switchgrass, indiangrass, and eastern gamagrass: Current status and future. Range improvement in Western North America. Proceedings Range Management, Salt Lake City, Utah, February 14, 1985, pp. 51-62.
  • Vu, Andrea Linh (2011). Identifying Pathogens of Switchgrass and Investigating Antimicrobial Activity of Switchgrass-Derived Extractives. Master’s Theses. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. 2011.
  • Wright, L. and Turhollow A., (2010). Switchgrass selection as a ‘‘model’’ bioenergy crop: A history of the process. Biomass and Bioenergy 34, 851–868
  • Yanar, Y., Kadioglu, I., Gökçe, A., Demirtas, I., Gören, N., Çam, H., and Whalon, M. (2011). In vitro antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts on mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(14), 2625.
  • Yazici, S., Yanar, Y., & Karaman, I. (2011). Evaluation of bacteria for biological control of early blightdisease of tomato. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9), 1573-1577.
  • Yilar, M., Bayar, Y., Abaci Bayar, A.A and Genc, N. (2020). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Salvia bracteata Banks and the biological activity of its extracts: antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoid, antifungal and allelopathic effects. Botanica serbica. 44 (1): 71-79.
  • Yıldırım, A., Mavi, A. and Kara, A.A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts. J. Sci. Food Agric., 83:64-69.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Abdurrahman Onaran

Tamer Yavuz 0000-0002-7374-7899

Yusuf Bayar

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Onaran, A., Yavuz, T., & Bayar, Y. (2022). Antifungal Activities of Different Organic Solvent Extracts of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Against Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 11(2), 93-101.