Öz
Sığırcıklar passeriformes (ötücü kuşlar) takımının sturnidae familyasının (sığırcıkgiller), sturnus cinsin-den Sturnus vulgaris türünden kuşlardır. Sığırcıklar tarımda ve özellikle hayvancılık işletmelerinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara sebep olduğundan, sürü yönetimi kapsamında gerekli önlemler alınmalıdır. Sığırcıklar her türlü tarımsal faaliyete ciddi zarar veren istilacı ve yırtıcı kuşlardır. Tam rasyonla beslenen süt sığırlarında, tahıl ve pelet yemleri tüketirler ve rasyonun besin bileşimini değiştirerek süt verimini hızla azaltır. Aynı zamanda bir hastalık vektörü olarak işlev görebilmektedirler.
Bu çalışma, bir süt sığırcılığı işletmesinde tam rasyonda sığırcıkların yol açtığı besin madde kayıplarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada sığırcık istilasından önce ve sonrasındaki analiz sonuçlarına göre rasyonun nem (%), ham yağ, ADF, NDF ve ham selüloz değerlerinde bir artış gözlenmiştir (P<0.05). Sığırcık istilası sonrasında tam rasyonun ME ve nişasta içeriğinin düştüğü (P<0.01) belirlenmiştir. Bu durum kuşların tam rasyonun dane unsurlarını tüketerek rasyonun besin değerini düşürdüğünü göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonim, (2014). Starlings. http://www.kuslar.gen.tr/sigircik.html. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Anonymous, (2018a). Starlings. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1 rc%C4%B1k. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Anonymous, (2018b). Common starling. https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Common_ starling, Access Date: 3.8.2018.
- Anonim, (2019). DA 7250™ NIR Analyzer, https://www.perten.com/tr/Urunler/DA-7250-NIR-Analiz-Cihaz/, Access Date: 18.04.2019.
- Burn, J. (2015). Starlings and Livestock Farms. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/ gov/farmingnatural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/farm-management /structuresand-mechanization/300-series/384200-7_starlings_and_livestock_farms.pdf. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Fischl, J., Caecamise, D. F. (1985). Influence of habitat and season on foraging flock composition in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Oecologia (Berlin), 67: 532-539.
- Linz, G. M., Homan, H. J., Gaukler, S. M., Penry, L. B., Bleier, W. J. (2007). European starlings: a review of an invasive species with far-reaching impacts. https://digitalcommons .unl.edu/ nwrcinvasive/24/. Access Date: 19.10.2018.
- Lee, C. D. (2005). Got Starlings? Bird Control Options for Dairies. Proceedings of the 7th Western Dairy Management Conference March 9-11, 2005.
- Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R., Morrison, D. (2000). Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States. BioScience. 50 (1), 53–65.
- Ransome, D. B. (2010). Investigation of starling populations in british columbia and assessment of the feasibility of a trapping program in the lower mainland. https://abbotsford.civicweb.net/document/47244. Access Date: 8.8.2018.
- Schoonmaker, K. (2013). Controlling Birds on Dairy Farms. http://www.thecattlesite.com/ articles/3643/controlling-birds-on-dairy-farms/. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Shipton, J., Shipton, P., Forbes, D. (2012). Starling Infestations on the somerset levels and their ımpact on dairy farming. https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/non_umbraco/download. aspx?media=12993. Access Date: 4.8.2018.
- Watson, M. J. (2012). Starling control and management in macquarie street, dubbo. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283297027. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
Öz
Starlings are the birds of the sturnidae family (songbirds) of the passeriformes (starlings) and Sturnus vulgaris species of sturnus. Since the starlings are the birds that cause significant economic losses in agricultural and especially in livestock enterprises, necessary measures should be taken within the scope of herd management. Starlings are invasive and predatory birds that cause serious damage to all kinds of agricultural activities. In the dairy cattle fed with total mixed ration, starlings consume grain and pellet feeds and rapidly reduces the milk yield by changing the nutrient composition of the ration. It may also serve as a disease vector.
The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional losses caused by starlings in a total mixed ration in a dairy cattle farm. According to the results of the analysis before and after the infestation of starling, an increase (P<0.05) in the moisture (%), crude fat, ADF, NDF and cellulose values of DM % were observed. After the starlings infestation and plucking, energy (ME, kcal/kg) and starch content were lower (P <0.01). These showed that birds decreased the nutritive value of TMR by consuming the grain component of the TMR.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Total mixed ration dairy cattle starlings damage nutrient losses
Kaynakça
- Anonim, (2014). Starlings. http://www.kuslar.gen.tr/sigircik.html. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Anonymous, (2018a). Starlings. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1 rc%C4%B1k. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Anonymous, (2018b). Common starling. https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Common_ starling, Access Date: 3.8.2018.
- Anonim, (2019). DA 7250™ NIR Analyzer, https://www.perten.com/tr/Urunler/DA-7250-NIR-Analiz-Cihaz/, Access Date: 18.04.2019.
- Burn, J. (2015). Starlings and Livestock Farms. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/ gov/farmingnatural-resources-and-industry/agriculture-and-seafood/farm-management /structuresand-mechanization/300-series/384200-7_starlings_and_livestock_farms.pdf. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Fischl, J., Caecamise, D. F. (1985). Influence of habitat and season on foraging flock composition in the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Oecologia (Berlin), 67: 532-539.
- Linz, G. M., Homan, H. J., Gaukler, S. M., Penry, L. B., Bleier, W. J. (2007). European starlings: a review of an invasive species with far-reaching impacts. https://digitalcommons .unl.edu/ nwrcinvasive/24/. Access Date: 19.10.2018.
- Lee, C. D. (2005). Got Starlings? Bird Control Options for Dairies. Proceedings of the 7th Western Dairy Management Conference March 9-11, 2005.
- Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R., Morrison, D. (2000). Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States. BioScience. 50 (1), 53–65.
- Ransome, D. B. (2010). Investigation of starling populations in british columbia and assessment of the feasibility of a trapping program in the lower mainland. https://abbotsford.civicweb.net/document/47244. Access Date: 8.8.2018.
- Schoonmaker, K. (2013). Controlling Birds on Dairy Farms. http://www.thecattlesite.com/ articles/3643/controlling-birds-on-dairy-farms/. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
- Shipton, J., Shipton, P., Forbes, D. (2012). Starling Infestations on the somerset levels and their ımpact on dairy farming. https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/non_umbraco/download. aspx?media=12993. Access Date: 4.8.2018.
- Watson, M. J. (2012). Starling control and management in macquarie street, dubbo. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283297027. Access Date: 18.05.2018.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer), Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
