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Investigation of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] under field conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1, 41 - 47, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.783447

Öz

Rootstocks play a significant role in citriculture in terms of fruit yield, quality, and tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. One of the limiting factors to citrus production is Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida, Tylenchulidae). Resistant rootstocks had been one of the best options of choice in the management of T. semipenetrans. In this study, soil and root samples were taken from 54 selected rootstocks from the citrus collection at Cukurova University, which are naturally infested with citrus nematode T. semipenetrans in Adana province between 2012 and 2016. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples using the modified ‘The Baermann Funnel Method’, and root samples were stained by acid fuchsin. When the root and soil samples were examined, citrus nematode was found a few in the roots and rhizosphere soil of 17 rootstock varieties, while it was very intense in rootstocks of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) except Tuzcu 31-25T, Tuzcu 31-30T, and Tuzcu 891. According to the population density of citrus nematode in rootstock and rhizosphere, Tuzcu 31-25T moderately susceptible; Tuzcu 31-30T, Nasnaran, Poncirus trifoliata, Cleopatra ant, Local trifoliate Cloex swingle, Citrumelo 4475, C-35, Gou tou, Sunki, Tuzcu 891, Carrizo citrange resistant; all other rootstocks were identified as susceptible. All rootstocks supported nematode reproduction but showed different levels of susceptibility.

Teşekkür

In developing the ideas presented here, we thank Prof. Dr. Turgut YEŞİLOĞLU (Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Horticulture) for helpful input. We also thank Dr. Ben FABER (University of California) for improving the use of English in the manuscript.

Kaynakça

  • Alian, Y. M., S. N. Banihashemian, M. Golmohammadi, S. M. Banihashemian & S. Bashiri, 2018. Evaluation of the tolerance of some citrus rootstocks to citrus nematode in greenhouse (Tylenchulus semipenetrans). Journal of Plant Protection (Mashhad), 31(4): 700-705.
  • Baines, R. C., T. Miyakawa, J. W. Cameron & R. H. Small, 1969. Infectivity of two biotypes of the citrus nematode on citrus and on some other hosts. Journal of Nematology, 1(2): 150-159 pp.
  • Barker, K. R. 1985. “Nematode Extraction and Bioassays, 19-35”. In: An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. II Methodology (Eds: K. R. Barker, J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). United States Agency for International Development, NorthCarolina State University Graphics: Raleigh, NC, 223 pp.
  • Bilgrami, A. L. & R. Gaugler, 2004. “Feeding Behaviour, 91-119”. In: Nematode Behaviour (Ed: Bilgrami, A. L. & R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, London, 419 pp.
  • Bongers, T. & H. Ferris. 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14 (6): 224-228.
  • Cobb, N. A. 1913. Notes on Mononchus and Tylenchulus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 287-288.
  • Cobb, N. A. 1914. Citrus-root nematode. Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 217-230.
  • de Campos, A. S., J. M. dos Santos & L. W. Duncan, (2002). Nematodes of citrus in open nurseries and orchards in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Nematology, 4: 263-264.
  • Duncan, L. W. & E. Cohn, 1990. “Nematode parasites of citrus, 321-346”. In: Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture: Second Edition. (Eds: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International) International: Wallingford, UK, 466 pp.
  • Duncan, L.W. & J.W. Noling, 1987. The relationship between development of the citrus root system and infestation by Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Revue de nématologie, 10: 61–66.
  • Elekcioğlu, İ. H., 1992.Untersuchungen zum Auftreten und zur Verbreitung phytoparasitaerer Nematoden in den landwirtschaftlichen Hauptkulturen des ostmediterranen Gebietes der Türkei. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, PLITS, Germany, 10(5): 120 pp.
  • Elekcioğlu, İ. H., 1995. Plant Parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 24(1): 29-37.
  • Elekçioğlu, İ. H., U. Gözel & M. A. Söğüt, 1997. Bir turunçgil bahçesinde bulunan nematodların dikey ve yatay popülasyon dağılımları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12: 153-162.
  • Elekcioğlu, I. H., H. Toktay, E. B. Kasapoğlu, & M. İmren, 2013. Studies on the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Cobb in the East mediterranean region of Turkey. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops (IOBC), (7-9 May 2013, Adana, Turkey), 43 pp.
  • Emre, E. & G. Kaşkavalcı, 2015. The Determination of Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Satsuma Mandarin Growing Areas of Izmir Province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege Üniversity, 52 (3): 269-276.
  • Esser, R. P., G. T. Smith, & J. H. O’Bannon, (1993). An eleven-year phytoparasitic nematode survey of Florida citrus groves and their environs. Bulletin 15, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL.
  • FAO, 2020. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Date accessed: July 2020).
  • Heald, C.M. & J. H. O’Bannon, 1987. Citrus declines caused by nematodes. V. Slow decline. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Nematology Circular No. 143.
  • Hooper, D. J., 1986. “Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil, 5–30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Eds: J. F. Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 148 pp.
  • Inserra, R. N., N. Vovlas & J. H. O’Bannon, 1980. A classification of Tylenchulus semipenetrans biotypes. Journal of Nematology, 12 (4): 283–287.
  • Inserra, R.N., L. W. Duncan, J. H. O’bannon, & S. A. Fuller, 1994. Citrus nematode biotypes and resistant citrus rootstocks in Florida. University of Florida, Ifas Extension, CIR205: 1-5.
  • Javed, N., M. Javed, M. B. Ilyas, M. M. Khan, & I. Haoq, 2008. Reaction of various citrus rootstocks (Germplasm) against citrus root nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans COBB). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (6):4.
  • Jones R.K., 2017. “Nematode Control and Nematicides: Developments since 1982 and Future Trends, 129-150”. In: Nematology in South Africa: A View from the 21st Century (Eds: H. Fourie, V. Spaull, R. Jones, M. Daneel & D. De Waele) Springer, Cham, 563 pp.
  • Kallel, S., Louhichi, A., & M. M. B’Chir, 2006. Résistance de Citrus aurantium induite par le Poncirus trifoliata vis-à-vis de Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. Nematology, 8, 671-679.
  • Kwaye, R. G., P. W. Mashela, H. Shimelis & N. Mapope. 2008. Determination of Tylenchulus semipenetrans biotype in Zebediela and Champagne, Republic of South Africa. Plant Disease 92 (4): 639-641.
  • Ling, P., L. Duncan, Z. Deng, D. Dunn, X. Hu, S. Huang & F. G. Gmitter JR, 2000. Inheritance of citrus nematode resistance and its linkage with molecular markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 100: 1010–1017.
  • Lo Giudice, V. & R. N. Inserra, 1980. Reaction of citrus and noncitrus rootstocks to Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 8 (1): 103-105.
  • Magunacelaya, J. E., E. Villegas, F. Lamberti & M. T. Ahumada, 2004. Studies on a population of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from Chile. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 32 (2): 233-234.
  • Moltmann, E., 1988. Kairomone im Wurzelexsudat Von Getreide: Ihre Bedeutung für die Wirtsfindung der Infektionslarven des Getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae Und Ihre Charakterisierung. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, 148 pp.
  • Philis, I., 1989. Yield loss assessment caused by the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans on valencia oranges in Cyprus. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 17 (1): 5-6.
  • Sasser, J. N. & D.W. Freckman, 1987. “A World Perspective on Nematology: The Role of the Society, 7-14”. In: Vistas on Nematology (Eds: J. A. Veech & D. W. Dickson). Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA, 509 pp.
  • Sorribas, F. J., S. Verdejo-Lucas, M. Galeano, J. Pastor & C. Ornat. 2003. Effect of 1,3 dichloropropene and rootstocks alone and in combination on Tylenchulus semipenetrans and citrus tree growth in a replant management program. Nematropica, 33: 149-158.
  • Southey, J. F. 1986. “Principles of sampling for nematodes 1-4”. In: Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes (Eds: J. F. Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
  • Tanha Maafi Z. & M. Damadzadeh. 2008. Incidence and control of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, in the North of Iran. Nematology, 10 (1): 113-122.
  • Toktay, H., & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2001. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (Nemata, Tylenchulidae)’ın popülasyon dalgalanması ve Washington Navel portakal çeşidinde verime olan etkisinin belirlenmesi”. Türkiye IV. Entomoloji Kongresi. (12–15 Eylül 2000, Aydın, Turkey), 569 pp.
  • Toktay, H., İ. H. Elekcioğlu & A. Özarslandan, 2005. Determination of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) biotypes in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 45 (1-4): 9-16.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. Pons, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, (1997a). Mediterranean biotypes of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from Spanish citrus orchards. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20 (4): 399-404.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. Pons, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, (1997b). Screening hybrid citrus rootstocksfor resistance to Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. Hortscience, 32: 1116-1119.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, 2000. Resistance of Hybrid Citrus Rootstocks to a Mediterranean Biotype of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. HortScience: a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 35(2): 269-273.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S., M. Galeano, F. J. Sorribas, F. B. Forner, & A. Alcaide. 2003. Effect on resistance to Tylenchulus semipenetrans of hybrid citrus rootstocks subjected to continuous exposure to high population densities of the nematode. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109: 427–433.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S. & M. V. McKenry, 2004. Management of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Journal of Nematology, 36(4): 424-432 pp.

Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1, 41 - 47, 31.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.783447

Öz

Anaçlar, meyve verimi, kalitesi, abiyotik ve biyotik stres koşullarına karşı tolerans/direnç açısından turunçgil üreticiliğinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Turunçgil üretimini sınırlandıran faktörlerden biri de Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida, Tylenchulidae)’dır. Dayanıklı anaçlar, T. semipenetrans’ın mücadelesinde en iyi seçeneklerden birisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Adana ilinde Turunçgil nematodu T. semipenetrans ile doğal olarak bulaşık Çukurova Üniversitesi Turunçgil Koleksiyon parsellerinden, seçilen 54 anaçdan 2012-2016 yılları arasında toprak ve kök örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinden nematodlar, geliştirilmiş Baerman Huni yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiştir ve kök örnekleri asit fuksinle boyanmıştır. Kök ve toprak örnekleri incelendiğinde 17 anaç çeşidin köklerinde ve rizosferdeki toprakta Turunçgil nematoduna çok az rastlanırken, Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae)’ye ait 37 anaçtan Tuzcu 31-25T, Tuzcu 31-30T ve Tuzcu 891 hariç diğerlerinde zararlı yoğun olarak bulunmuştur. Anaç kökleri ve rizosferde bulunan Turunçgil nematodunun popülasyon yoğunluğuna göre, Tuzcu 31-25T orta hassas; Tuzcu 31-30T, Nasnaran, Poncirus trifoliata, Kleopatra ant, Local trifoliate, Cloex swingle, Citrumelo 4475, C-35, Gou tou, Sunki, Tuzcu 891, Carrizo citrange dayanıklı; diğer tüm anaçlar hassas olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm anaçlar nematod çoğalmasını desteklemiş ancak farklı duyarlılık seviyeleri göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alian, Y. M., S. N. Banihashemian, M. Golmohammadi, S. M. Banihashemian & S. Bashiri, 2018. Evaluation of the tolerance of some citrus rootstocks to citrus nematode in greenhouse (Tylenchulus semipenetrans). Journal of Plant Protection (Mashhad), 31(4): 700-705.
  • Baines, R. C., T. Miyakawa, J. W. Cameron & R. H. Small, 1969. Infectivity of two biotypes of the citrus nematode on citrus and on some other hosts. Journal of Nematology, 1(2): 150-159 pp.
  • Barker, K. R. 1985. “Nematode Extraction and Bioassays, 19-35”. In: An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. II Methodology (Eds: K. R. Barker, J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). United States Agency for International Development, NorthCarolina State University Graphics: Raleigh, NC, 223 pp.
  • Bilgrami, A. L. & R. Gaugler, 2004. “Feeding Behaviour, 91-119”. In: Nematode Behaviour (Ed: Bilgrami, A. L. & R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, London, 419 pp.
  • Bongers, T. & H. Ferris. 1999. Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14 (6): 224-228.
  • Cobb, N. A. 1913. Notes on Mononchus and Tylenchulus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 3, 287-288.
  • Cobb, N. A. 1914. Citrus-root nematode. Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 217-230.
  • de Campos, A. S., J. M. dos Santos & L. W. Duncan, (2002). Nematodes of citrus in open nurseries and orchards in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Nematology, 4: 263-264.
  • Duncan, L. W. & E. Cohn, 1990. “Nematode parasites of citrus, 321-346”. In: Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture: Second Edition. (Eds: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International) International: Wallingford, UK, 466 pp.
  • Duncan, L.W. & J.W. Noling, 1987. The relationship between development of the citrus root system and infestation by Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Revue de nématologie, 10: 61–66.
  • Elekcioğlu, İ. H., 1992.Untersuchungen zum Auftreten und zur Verbreitung phytoparasitaerer Nematoden in den landwirtschaftlichen Hauptkulturen des ostmediterranen Gebietes der Türkei. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, PLITS, Germany, 10(5): 120 pp.
  • Elekcioğlu, İ. H., 1995. Plant Parasitic nematodes associated with citrus in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 24(1): 29-37.
  • Elekçioğlu, İ. H., U. Gözel & M. A. Söğüt, 1997. Bir turunçgil bahçesinde bulunan nematodların dikey ve yatay popülasyon dağılımları. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 12: 153-162.
  • Elekcioğlu, I. H., H. Toktay, E. B. Kasapoğlu, & M. İmren, 2013. Studies on the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Cobb in the East mediterranean region of Turkey. Integrated Control in Citrus Fruit Crops (IOBC), (7-9 May 2013, Adana, Turkey), 43 pp.
  • Emre, E. & G. Kaşkavalcı, 2015. The Determination of Distribution and Population Densities of Citrus Nematode [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] in Satsuma Mandarin Growing Areas of Izmir Province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege Üniversity, 52 (3): 269-276.
  • Esser, R. P., G. T. Smith, & J. H. O’Bannon, (1993). An eleven-year phytoparasitic nematode survey of Florida citrus groves and their environs. Bulletin 15, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL.
  • FAO, 2020. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Date accessed: July 2020).
  • Heald, C.M. & J. H. O’Bannon, 1987. Citrus declines caused by nematodes. V. Slow decline. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Nematology Circular No. 143.
  • Hooper, D. J., 1986. “Extraction of Free Living Stages from Soil, 5–30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Eds: J. F. Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 148 pp.
  • Inserra, R. N., N. Vovlas & J. H. O’Bannon, 1980. A classification of Tylenchulus semipenetrans biotypes. Journal of Nematology, 12 (4): 283–287.
  • Inserra, R.N., L. W. Duncan, J. H. O’bannon, & S. A. Fuller, 1994. Citrus nematode biotypes and resistant citrus rootstocks in Florida. University of Florida, Ifas Extension, CIR205: 1-5.
  • Javed, N., M. Javed, M. B. Ilyas, M. M. Khan, & I. Haoq, 2008. Reaction of various citrus rootstocks (Germplasm) against citrus root nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans COBB). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40 (6):4.
  • Jones R.K., 2017. “Nematode Control and Nematicides: Developments since 1982 and Future Trends, 129-150”. In: Nematology in South Africa: A View from the 21st Century (Eds: H. Fourie, V. Spaull, R. Jones, M. Daneel & D. De Waele) Springer, Cham, 563 pp.
  • Kallel, S., Louhichi, A., & M. M. B’Chir, 2006. Résistance de Citrus aurantium induite par le Poncirus trifoliata vis-à-vis de Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. Nematology, 8, 671-679.
  • Kwaye, R. G., P. W. Mashela, H. Shimelis & N. Mapope. 2008. Determination of Tylenchulus semipenetrans biotype in Zebediela and Champagne, Republic of South Africa. Plant Disease 92 (4): 639-641.
  • Ling, P., L. Duncan, Z. Deng, D. Dunn, X. Hu, S. Huang & F. G. Gmitter JR, 2000. Inheritance of citrus nematode resistance and its linkage with molecular markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 100: 1010–1017.
  • Lo Giudice, V. & R. N. Inserra, 1980. Reaction of citrus and noncitrus rootstocks to Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 8 (1): 103-105.
  • Magunacelaya, J. E., E. Villegas, F. Lamberti & M. T. Ahumada, 2004. Studies on a population of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from Chile. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 32 (2): 233-234.
  • Moltmann, E., 1988. Kairomone im Wurzelexsudat Von Getreide: Ihre Bedeutung für die Wirtsfindung der Infektionslarven des Getreidezystenaelchens Heterodera avenae Und Ihre Charakterisierung. Hohenheim Universität, Doktorarbeit, 148 pp.
  • Philis, I., 1989. Yield loss assessment caused by the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans on valencia oranges in Cyprus. Nematologia Mediterrenae, 17 (1): 5-6.
  • Sasser, J. N. & D.W. Freckman, 1987. “A World Perspective on Nematology: The Role of the Society, 7-14”. In: Vistas on Nematology (Eds: J. A. Veech & D. W. Dickson). Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA, 509 pp.
  • Sorribas, F. J., S. Verdejo-Lucas, M. Galeano, J. Pastor & C. Ornat. 2003. Effect of 1,3 dichloropropene and rootstocks alone and in combination on Tylenchulus semipenetrans and citrus tree growth in a replant management program. Nematropica, 33: 149-158.
  • Southey, J. F. 1986. “Principles of sampling for nematodes 1-4”. In: Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes (Eds: J. F. Southey). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
  • Tanha Maafi Z. & M. Damadzadeh. 2008. Incidence and control of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, in the North of Iran. Nematology, 10 (1): 113-122.
  • Toktay, H., & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2001. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb (Nemata, Tylenchulidae)’ın popülasyon dalgalanması ve Washington Navel portakal çeşidinde verime olan etkisinin belirlenmesi”. Türkiye IV. Entomoloji Kongresi. (12–15 Eylül 2000, Aydın, Turkey), 569 pp.
  • Toktay, H., İ. H. Elekcioğlu & A. Özarslandan, 2005. Determination of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) biotypes in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 45 (1-4): 9-16.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. Pons, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, (1997a). Mediterranean biotypes of Tylenchulus semipenetrans from Spanish citrus orchards. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20 (4): 399-404.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. Pons, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, (1997b). Screening hybrid citrus rootstocksfor resistance to Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. Hortscience, 32: 1116-1119.
  • Verdejo-lucas, S., F. J. Sorribas, J. B. Forner & A. Alcaide, 2000. Resistance of Hybrid Citrus Rootstocks to a Mediterranean Biotype of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. HortScience: a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 35(2): 269-273.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S., M. Galeano, F. J. Sorribas, F. B. Forner, & A. Alcaide. 2003. Effect on resistance to Tylenchulus semipenetrans of hybrid citrus rootstocks subjected to continuous exposure to high population densities of the nematode. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109: 427–433.
  • Verdejo-Lucas, S. & M. V. McKenry, 2004. Management of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Journal of Nematology, 36(4): 424-432 pp.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ece Börteçine Kasapoğlu Uludamar 0000-0003-0936-3759

Berken Çimen 0000-0002-9376-1823

Halil Elekcioğlu 0000-0001-7565-4330

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 22 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kasapoğlu Uludamar, E. B., Çimen, B., & Elekcioğlu, H. (2021). Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin, 61(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.783447
AMA Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Çimen B, Elekcioğlu H. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. Mart 2021;61(1):41-47. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.783447
Chicago Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine, Berken Çimen, ve Halil Elekcioğlu. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında Bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin 61, sy. 1 (Mart 2021): 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.783447.
EndNote Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Çimen B, Elekcioğlu H (01 Mart 2021) Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin 61 1 41–47.
IEEE E. B. Kasapoğlu Uludamar, B. Çimen, ve H. Elekcioğlu, “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması”, Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 61, sy. 1, ss. 41–47, 2021, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.783447.
ISNAD Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine vd. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında Bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin 61/1 (Mart 2021), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.783447.
JAMA Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Çimen B, Elekcioğlu H. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2021;61:41–47.
MLA Kasapoğlu Uludamar, Ece Börteçine vd. “Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında Bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus Semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması”. Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 61, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 41-47, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.783447.
Vancouver Kasapoğlu Uludamar EB, Çimen B, Elekcioğlu H. Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğa koşullarında bazı turunçgil anaçlarının Turunçgil nematodu’na [Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Cobb, 1913) (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae)] karşı dayanıklılığının araştırılması. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2021;61(1):41-7.

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