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Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2, 5 - 10, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1055708

Öz

Codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the main pest of apple all over the world. Besides the usage of the broad spectrum insecticides being the main control for the C. pomonella, also there is a potential of the usage of the entomapathogen nematodes(EPN) for the same control. In this study, the efficacies of four entomopathogenic nematode species [Steinernema carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05), S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK20), and H. bacteriophora (11KG)] have been investigated against the last instar of C. pomonella under laboratory conditions (in vitro). Three different EPNs concentrations [250, 500 and 1000 infective juvenile (IJ)/ml-1] of the nematodes and distilled water as a control were used. Dead larvae were counted 48, 72 and 120 h after treatment, and mortality rates were calculated. H. bacteriophora (KG11) isolate was the most effective isolate causing 77.8% larval mortality at the highest concentration (1000 IJs/ml-1) after 120 h. This was followed by S. feltiae (76.4%), S. carpocapsae (69.5%) and H. bacteriophora (Tok 20) (65.3%). The lowest mortality rates (respectively %5.3, 13.5, 2.7 and 10.8) were seen in all nematode species at a concentration of 250 IJs/ml-1. The isolates are found effective on the last instar larvae of C. pomonella but should be supported with detailed field studies.

Destekleyen Kurum

Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Vefa Tarım A.Ş.

Teşekkür

Assist. Prof. Hayriye Didem Sağlam Altınköy is thanked providing advice on statistical analysis.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad M.J., Mohiudin S., Askary T.H., Patil J., 2020. Efficacy of indigenous strain of entomopathogenic nematode against diapausing larvae of Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apple-growing hilly areas of Ladakh Region. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30 (62).
  • Asser-Kaiser S., Fritsch E., Undorf-Spahn K., Kienzle J., Berle K. E., Gund N.A., 2007. Rapid emergence of baculovirus resistance in codling moth due to dominant, sex-linked inheritance. Science, 317 (5846), 1916-1917.
  • Barnes M.M., 1991. Codling moth occurrence, host race formation, and damage. In: Tortricid Pests:Their Biology. Natural Enemies and Control. Van der Geest L.P.S (Eds.).Elsevier, 313-328 p.
  • Chen M.H., Dorn S., 2010. Microsatellites reveal genetic differentiation among populations in an insect species with high genetic variability in dispersal, the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100: 75–85.
  • Curto G., Reggiani A., Vergnani S., Caruso S., Ladurner E., 2008. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes in the control of Cydia pomonella larvae in Northern Italy. Boos, Markus (ed.). Ecofruit - 13th Int. Conferance on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-Growing. Well- conference proceedings. Weinsberg, Germany. 271-276 p.
  • De Waal J., Addison M.A., Malan A., 2017. Potential of Heterorhabditis zealandica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) for the control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in semi-field trials under South African conditions. Intenational Journal of Pest Management, 102-109 p.
  • Faostat, 2018. Food and agriculture organization corporate statistical database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2021).
  • Haydak M. H., 1936. A food for rearing labarotory insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29: 1026.
  • Howell J.F., Knight A.L., Unruh T.R., Brown D.F., Krysan J.L., Sell C.R., 1992. Control of codling moth in apple and pear with sex pheromone mediated mating disruption. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 918-925.
  • Kaya H.K., Stock S.P., 1997. Techniques in insect nematology. In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology. L.A., Lacey (Eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, 281-324.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I) ISBN 978-605-4672-11-0, Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II) ISBN 978-605-4672-12-7] [Nematology (Plant parasitic and Entomopathogenic nematodes) (General Nematology, Volume-I) (Taxonomic Nematology, Volume-II) p.1155.] Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi Yayın No:3 (2012/3), LIV+1155 s.
  • Lacey L.A., Unruh T.R., 1998. Entomopathogenic nematodes for Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of nematode species, concentration, temperature, and humidity. Biological Control, 13(3): 190-197.
  • Kuyulu A., Genç H., 2019. Biology and laboratory rearing of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on its natural host “Green Immature Apple” Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3) : 546-556.
  • Lacey L.A., Unruh T.R., 2005. Biological control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its role in integrated pest management, with emphasis on entomopathogens. Vedalia, 12 (1) : 33-60.
  • Mohamed M.A., Coppel H.C., 1983. Mass rearing of the greater wax moth Galleria melonella (Lepidoptera: Galleridae) for small-scale laboratory. Great Lakes Entomology, 16(4): 139-141.
  • Navaneethan T., Strauch O., Besse S., Bonhomme A., Ehlers R.U., 2010. Influence of humidity and a surfactant-polymer-formulation on the control potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae against diapausing codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Biological Control, 55 : 777–788.
  • Odendaal D., Addison M.F., Antoinette P., 2015. Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in field and laboratory trials. Journal of Helmintology, 1(5) : 1-9.
  • Öztemiz S., Küden A., Nas S., Lavkor I., 2017. Efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in control of Cydia pomonella (L.) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 41: 201-207.
  • Tuik, 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Verileri. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2021).
  • Unruh T.R., Lacey L.A., 2001. Control of codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with Steinernema carpocapsae: Effects of Suplemental Wetting and Pupation Site on Infection Rate. Biological Control, 20: 48–56.
  • White G.F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.

Entomopatojen nematodların (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae ve Steinernematidae) Elma içkurdu Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)’nin son dönem larvaları üzerindeki etkinliklerinin laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2, 5 - 10, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1055708

Öz

Elma içkurdu Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) dünya genelinde elmanın başlıca zararlısıdır. Mücadelesinde ağırlıklı olarak geniş spektrumlu insektisitler kullanılmakla birlikte, zararlıya karşı uygulanan biyolojik mücadele etmenleri arasında entomopatojen nematodların (EPN) kullanılabilme potansiyelleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, dört adet EPN izolatı [Steinernema carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05), S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TOK20) ve H. bacteriophora (11KG)]’nın C. pomonella’nın son dönem larvaları üzerindeki etkinliği laboratuvar koşullarında (in vitro) araştırılmıştır. Denemelerde nematodlar üç farklı konsantrasyonda [250, 500 ve 1000 enfektif larva (EL)/ml-1] hazırlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Kontrol olarak saf su kullanılmıştır. Nematod uygulamasından 48, 72 ve 120 saat sonra ölü larvalar sayılmış ve ölüm oranları hesaplanmıştır. H. bacteriophora (11KG) izolatı 120 saat sonra en yüksek konsantrasyonda (1000 EL/ml-1) %77.8 ölüme neden olan en etkili izolat olmuştur. Bu izolatı sırası ile S. feltiae (Tokat-Emir) (%76.4), S. carpocapsae (Tokat Bakisli05) (%69.5) ve H. bacteriophora (TOK20) (%65.3) izlemiştir. En düşük ölüm oranları (sırasıyla %5.3, 13.5, 2.7 ve 10.8) tüm nematod türlerinde 250 EL/ml-1 konsantrasyonunda görülmüştür. İzolatlar C. pomonella’nın son dönem larvaları üzerinde etkili bulunmuş ancak, detaylı arazi çalışmaları ile bu sonuçların desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad M.J., Mohiudin S., Askary T.H., Patil J., 2020. Efficacy of indigenous strain of entomopathogenic nematode against diapausing larvae of Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in apple-growing hilly areas of Ladakh Region. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30 (62).
  • Asser-Kaiser S., Fritsch E., Undorf-Spahn K., Kienzle J., Berle K. E., Gund N.A., 2007. Rapid emergence of baculovirus resistance in codling moth due to dominant, sex-linked inheritance. Science, 317 (5846), 1916-1917.
  • Barnes M.M., 1991. Codling moth occurrence, host race formation, and damage. In: Tortricid Pests:Their Biology. Natural Enemies and Control. Van der Geest L.P.S (Eds.).Elsevier, 313-328 p.
  • Chen M.H., Dorn S., 2010. Microsatellites reveal genetic differentiation among populations in an insect species with high genetic variability in dispersal, the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 100: 75–85.
  • Curto G., Reggiani A., Vergnani S., Caruso S., Ladurner E., 2008. Effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes in the control of Cydia pomonella larvae in Northern Italy. Boos, Markus (ed.). Ecofruit - 13th Int. Conferance on Cultivation Technique and Phytopathological Problems in Organic Fruit-Growing. Well- conference proceedings. Weinsberg, Germany. 271-276 p.
  • De Waal J., Addison M.A., Malan A., 2017. Potential of Heterorhabditis zealandica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) for the control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in semi-field trials under South African conditions. Intenational Journal of Pest Management, 102-109 p.
  • Faostat, 2018. Food and agriculture organization corporate statistical database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2021).
  • Haydak M. H., 1936. A food for rearing labarotory insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29: 1026.
  • Howell J.F., Knight A.L., Unruh T.R., Brown D.F., Krysan J.L., Sell C.R., 1992. Control of codling moth in apple and pear with sex pheromone mediated mating disruption. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 918-925.
  • Kaya H.K., Stock S.P., 1997. Techniques in insect nematology. In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology. L.A., Lacey (Eds.). Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA, 281-324.
  • Kepenekci İ., 2012. Nematoloji (Bitki Paraziti ve Entomopatojen Nematodlar) [Genel Nematoloji (Cilt-I) ISBN 978-605-4672-11-0, Taksonomik Nematoloji (Cilt-II) ISBN 978-605-4672-12-7] [Nematology (Plant parasitic and Entomopathogenic nematodes) (General Nematology, Volume-I) (Taxonomic Nematology, Volume-II) p.1155.] Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayımlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Tarım Bilim Serisi Yayın No:3 (2012/3), LIV+1155 s.
  • Lacey L.A., Unruh T.R., 1998. Entomopathogenic nematodes for Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Effect of nematode species, concentration, temperature, and humidity. Biological Control, 13(3): 190-197.
  • Kuyulu A., Genç H., 2019. Biology and laboratory rearing of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on its natural host “Green Immature Apple” Malus domestica (Borkh) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3) : 546-556.
  • Lacey L.A., Unruh T.R., 2005. Biological control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its role in integrated pest management, with emphasis on entomopathogens. Vedalia, 12 (1) : 33-60.
  • Mohamed M.A., Coppel H.C., 1983. Mass rearing of the greater wax moth Galleria melonella (Lepidoptera: Galleridae) for small-scale laboratory. Great Lakes Entomology, 16(4): 139-141.
  • Navaneethan T., Strauch O., Besse S., Bonhomme A., Ehlers R.U., 2010. Influence of humidity and a surfactant-polymer-formulation on the control potential of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae against diapausing codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Biological Control, 55 : 777–788.
  • Odendaal D., Addison M.F., Antoinette P., 2015. Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in field and laboratory trials. Journal of Helmintology, 1(5) : 1-9.
  • Öztemiz S., Küden A., Nas S., Lavkor I., 2017. Efficacy of Trichogramma evanescens and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in control of Cydia pomonella (L.) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 41: 201-207.
  • Tuik, 2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Verileri. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2021).
  • Unruh T.R., Lacey L.A., 2001. Control of codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with Steinernema carpocapsae: Effects of Suplemental Wetting and Pupation Site on Infection Rate. Biological Control, 20: 48–56.
  • White G.F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatma Dolunay Erdoğuş 0000-0001-9847-6100

Ayşe Özdem 0000-0001-7167-1109

Mürşide Yağcı 0000-0003-2269-7649

İlker Kepenekçi 0000-0002-8734-3422

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Haziran 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ocak 2022
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 62 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğuş, F. D., Özdem, A., Yağcı, M., Kepenekçi, İ. (2022). Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin, 62(2), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1055708
AMA Erdoğuş FD, Özdem A, Yağcı M, Kepenekçi İ. Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. Haziran 2022;62(2):5-10. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1055708
Chicago Erdoğuş, Fatma Dolunay, Ayşe Özdem, Mürşide Yağcı, ve İlker Kepenekçi. “Investigating the Efficacies of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Last Instar Larvae of the Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under Laboratory Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin 62, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 5-10. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1055708.
EndNote Erdoğuş FD, Özdem A, Yağcı M, Kepenekçi İ (01 Haziran 2022) Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin 62 2 5–10.
IEEE F. D. Erdoğuş, A. Özdem, M. Yağcı, ve İ. Kepenekçi, “Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions”, Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 62, sy. 2, ss. 5–10, 2022, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1055708.
ISNAD Erdoğuş, Fatma Dolunay vd. “Investigating the Efficacies of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Last Instar Larvae of the Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under Laboratory Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin 62/2 (Haziran 2022), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1055708.
JAMA Erdoğuş FD, Özdem A, Yağcı M, Kepenekçi İ. Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2022;62:5–10.
MLA Erdoğuş, Fatma Dolunay vd. “Investigating the Efficacies of the Entomopathogenic Nematodes on the Last Instar Larvae of the Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under Laboratory Conditions”. Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 62, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 5-10, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1055708.
Vancouver Erdoğuş FD, Özdem A, Yağcı M, Kepenekçi İ. Investigating the efficacies of the entomopathogenic nematodes on the last instar larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) under laboratory conditions. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2022;62(2):5-10.

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