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Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1, 14 - 22, 31.03.2024

Yeter Küçüktopcu Ali Arda Işıkber

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1339441

Öz

This study aims to investigate the potential use of propylene oxide (PPO) for rapid control of the fig moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). To this end, the biological efficacy of PPO (10 µl/l) against all biological stages of the fig moth was evaluated for a short exposure period (4 hours) under three different conditions: PPO alone (normal pressure), PPO+vacuum (100 mm Hg low pressure), and PPO+CO2 (92% CO2 concentration) in the absence and presence of dried figs and hazelnuts. In the absence of commodities, the biological tests showed 100% mortality rates in all biological stages of E. cautella, except for the pupa stage, when using the PPO+vacuum treatment. However, the PPO alone and PPO+CO2 treatments did not achieve a 100% mortality rate for the biological stages of E. cautella. Conversely, in the presence of dried figs, the mortality rates for all biological stages of E. cautella ranged from 19.7% to 100% in the PPO+vacuum and PPO+CO2 treatments. As for the shelled hazelnuts, all PPO treatments resulted in low mortality rates ranging from 0.7% to 10.6% with PPO+vacuum and PPO+CO2 treatments. In conclusion, the study suggests that the PPO+vacuum treatment can have a viable potential for rapid insect control, particularly in dried figs, making it suitable for quarantine applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fig moth dried figs hazelnuts fumigant propylene oxide

Proje Numarası

2012/5-5YLS

Kaynakça

  • Abbott W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18 (2), 265-267.
  • Alavanja M.C., Blair A., Masters M.N., 1990. Cancer mortality in the US flour industry. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 82 (10), 840-848.
  • Athanassiou C.G., Hasan M.M., Phillips T.W., Aikins M.J., Throne J.E., 2015. Efficacy of methyl bromide for control of different life stages of stored-product psocids. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (3), 1422-1428.
  • Athanassiou C.G., Phillips T.W., Aikins M.J., Hasan M.M., Throne J.E., 2012. Effectiveness of sulfuryl fluoride for control of different life stages of stored-product psocids (Psocoptera). Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (1), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11209
  • Aulicky R., Stejskal V., Frydova B., Athanassiou C., 2015. Susceptibility of two strains of the confused flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) following phosphine structural mill fumigation: effects of concentration, temperature, and flour deposits. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (6), 2823-2830. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov257
  • Bayyurt D., Kocakoç İ.D., 2023. Yapay sinir ağları NARX ile Türkiye fındık üretim miktarı tahmini. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9 (1), 15-35.
  • Benhalima H., Chaudhry M., Mills K., Price N., 2004. Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects collected from various grain storage facilities in Morocco. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (3), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(03)00012-2
  • Bilgili Y., 2015. Propilen oksitin depolanmış ürün zararlılarının karantina uygulamalarında metil bromide alternatif fümigant olarak değerlendirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 74 s., Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
  • Calderon M., Leesch J., 1983. Effect of reduced pressure and CO2 on the toxicity of methyl bromide to two species of stored-product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76 (5), 1125-1128. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.5.1125
  • Celik N., Sullivan G., Ozman-Sullivan S., Ocal H., 2008. Insect pests of stored hazelnuts in Samsun province, Turkey. VII International Congress on Hazelnut, 515-520, Viterbo, Italy.
  • Daglish G.J., Nayak M.K., Pavic H., 2014. Phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) from eastern Australia: Inheritance, fitness, and prevalence. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59, 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2014.03.007
  • Donahaye E., Navarro S., 1989. Sensitivity of two dried fruit pests to methyl bromide alone, and in combination with carbon dioxide or under reduced pressure. Tropical Science, 29 (1), 9-14.
  • Ferizli A.G., Emekci M., 2013. Depolanmış ürün zararlılarının kimyasal ve kimyasal olmayan yöntemlerle savaşımı. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 17-20 Nisan, 2013, İzmir, Türkiye, 3-12.
  • Fields P., White N., 2002. Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored-product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 331-359.
  • Garry V., Nelson R., Griffith J., Harkins M., 1990. Preparation for human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 10 (1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770100104
  • Gautam S., Opit G., Hosoda E., 2016. Phosphine resistance in adult and immature life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 109 (6), 2525-2533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow221
  • INC 2021. Kuru incir üretim miktarı. https://www.nutfruit.org/industry/technical-resources?category=statistical-yearbooks (accessed date: 17.07.2023).
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Azrieli A., Rindner M., Dias R., 2002. Propylene oxide as a potential alternative to methyl bromide. Proceedings of 8th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection, 22-26 July 2002, York, UK, 823-826 pp
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Rindner M., 2006. Propylene oxide: A potential quarantine and pre-shipment fumigant for disinfestation of nuts. Phytoparasitica, 34, 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981028
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Rindner M., Azrieli A., Dias R., 2004. Toxicity of propylene oxide at low pressure against life stages of four species of stored product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (2), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.2.281
  • Isikber A.A., Oztekin S., Dayisoylu K.S., Duman A.D., 2012. Propylene oxide as potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of dried figs. Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products. 15-19 October 2012, 345-352, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Isikber A., Tunaz H., Athanassiou C., Bilgili Y., Er M., 2017. Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.015
  • Küçüktopcu Y., 2023. Bazı bitki ekstraktları ve inert tozların Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.:Dermestidae) ve Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.:Pyralidae) üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, 274 s., Samsun, Türkiye.
  • Meylan W., Papa L., De Rosa C.,Stara J., 1986. Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2 (3), 219-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200304
  • Monro H., Dumas T., Buckland C., 1966. The influence of vapour pressure of different fumigants on the mortality of two stored product insects in vacuum fumigation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1 (3), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-474X(66)90001-4
  • Navarro S., Isikber A., Finkelman S., Rindner M., Azrieli A., Dias R., 2004. Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00097-8
  • Ohtani H., Horiguchi S., Urano Y., Iwasaka M., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., 1989. Flammability limits of arsine and phosphine. Combustion and Flame, 76 (3-4), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90113-2
  • Özer İ., 2020. Modifiye atmosfer paketleme koşullarında depolamanın kuru incirin kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 141s., Aydın, Türkiye.
  • Plarre R., Reichmuth C. 1996. Toxic effects of carbonyl sulfide (COS) on Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum (Saac.) (Deuteromycatina: Hypomycetes), and corrosion on copper. Proceedings of the 5ᵗʰ International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, 21-26 April 1996, Nicosia, Cyprus, 21-26.
  • Punj G., 1969. Sorption of certain common fumigants by six different commodities (by bioassay). Bulletin of Grain Technology, 7, 217-221.
  • Sağlam Ö., Edde P.A., Phillips T.W., 2015. Resistance of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to fumigation with phosphine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (5), 2489-2495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov193
  • SAS 2012. STAT R User’s Guide. Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc. 4.
  • Schneider S.M., Rosskopf E.N., Leesch J.G., Chellemi D.O., Bull C.T., Mazzola M., 2003. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service - research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre‐plant and post‐harvest. Pest Management Science 59 (6‐7), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.728
  • Tripathi A.K., 2018. Pests of stored grains. In: Pests and their management. Omkar (Ed.). Springer, Gateway East, Singapore, 311-360.
  • Turanlı F., 2003. Studies on infestation levels of pests on dried fig in Aydın and İzmir provinces. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 27, 171-180.
  • Tütüncü Ş., Emekci M., 2014. Kuru incir zararlısı Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)’un değişik yaşlı pupalarına fosfin gazının etkisi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (4), 399-405. doi:10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001298
  • Uzundumlu A.S., Kurtoğlu S., Şerefoğlu C., 2022. The role of Turkey in the world hazelnut production and exporting. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 34 (2), 117-127.
  • Weast R.C., Astle M.J., Beyer W.H., 1986., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press,Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, 278 p.
  • Yıldız İ., 2013. Kuru incir kurdu, Ephestia (Cadra) cautella’nın bakteriyel mücadele etmeninin araştırılması. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 110 s., Trabzon.
  • Zettler J.L., Hartsell P.L., Allred D.B., Muhareb J.S., Hurley J.M., Gill R.F., 2003. Sorption and insect toxicity of propylene oxide in dried fruits and nuts. In: Advances in Stored Product Protection, Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection, Credland, P.F., Armitage, D.M., Bell, C.H., Cogan, P.M., Highley, E. (Eds.). 22-26 July 2002, York, CAB International, Oxon, UK, 921-924.

Kuru incir ve fındıkta Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'ya karşı propilen oksit fümigasyonunun değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1, 14 - 22, 31.03.2024

Yeter Küçüktopcu Ali Arda Işıkber

https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1339441

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, propilen oksit (PPO)'in Ephestia cautella'nın hızlı kontrolü için potansiyel kullanımını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, PPO'nun (10 µl/l) incir güvesinin tüm biyolojik aşamalarına (yumurta, larva, pupa ve ergin) karşı biyolojik etkinliği, ürünlü (kuru incir ve fındık) ve ürünsüz ortamlarda üç farklı koşul altında [10 µl/l PPO tek başına (normal basınç), 10 µl/l PPO+vakum (100 mm Hg düşük basınç) ve 10 µl/l PPO+CO2 (%92 CO2 konsantrasyonu)] kısa maruz kalma süresince (4 saat) değerlendirilmiştir. Ürünsüz ortamda gerçekleştirilen biyolojik testlerde, PPO+vakum uygulamasında zararlının pupa dönemi hariç diğer tüm biyolojik dönemlerinde (ergin, yumurta ve larva) %100 ölüm oranı tespit edilirken, tek başına PPO ve PPO+CO2 uygulamalarında E. cautella'nın biyolojik dönemlerinde hiçbir zaman %100 ölüm oranına ulaşamamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda, E. cautella’ya karşı PPO+vakum uygulamasının tek başına PPO ve PPO+CO2 uygulamalarına kıyasla daha yüksek insektisidal etkinlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Kuru incir kullanılan ortamda yürütülen biyolojik testlerde, PPO+vakum ve PPO+CO2 uygulamalarında E. cautella'nın tüm biyolojik dönemlerinde meydana gelen ölüm oranları %19.7 ile %100 arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Diğer yandan kabuklu fındık kullanılan ortamda yürütülen biyolojik testlerde, tüm PPO uygulamalarında %0.7 ile %10.6 arasında değişen düşük ölüm oranları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bakımdan yapılan çalışma sonucunda, kuru incir ve kabuklu fındık bulunan ortamlarda yürütülen tüm PPO uygulamalarının E. cautella'ya karşı toksisitelerinde önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak yapılan bu çalışma, özellikle kuru incirlerde böcek kontaminasyonunu hızla kontrol etmek için umut vaat eden bir alternatif fümigant olarak PPO'nun potansiyelini ortaya koymuştur. Ancak, bu tür uygulamaların pratikte kullanılabilirliğini belirlemek için daha büyük ölçekli ticari deneylere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

incir güvesi kuru incir fındık fumigant propilen oksit

Destekleyen Kurum

KSU Bilimsel AraĢtırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi

Proje Numarası

2012/5-5YLS

Kaynakça

  • Abbott W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18 (2), 265-267.
  • Alavanja M.C., Blair A., Masters M.N., 1990. Cancer mortality in the US flour industry. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 82 (10), 840-848.
  • Athanassiou C.G., Hasan M.M., Phillips T.W., Aikins M.J., Throne J.E., 2015. Efficacy of methyl bromide for control of different life stages of stored-product psocids. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (3), 1422-1428.
  • Athanassiou C.G., Phillips T.W., Aikins M.J., Hasan M.M., Throne J.E., 2012. Effectiveness of sulfuryl fluoride for control of different life stages of stored-product psocids (Psocoptera). Journal of Economic Entomology, 105 (1), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11209
  • Aulicky R., Stejskal V., Frydova B., Athanassiou C., 2015. Susceptibility of two strains of the confused flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) following phosphine structural mill fumigation: effects of concentration, temperature, and flour deposits. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (6), 2823-2830. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov257
  • Bayyurt D., Kocakoç İ.D., 2023. Yapay sinir ağları NARX ile Türkiye fındık üretim miktarı tahmini. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9 (1), 15-35.
  • Benhalima H., Chaudhry M., Mills K., Price N., 2004. Phosphine resistance in stored-product insects collected from various grain storage facilities in Morocco. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (3), 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(03)00012-2
  • Bilgili Y., 2015. Propilen oksitin depolanmış ürün zararlılarının karantina uygulamalarında metil bromide alternatif fümigant olarak değerlendirilmesi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bitki Koruma Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 74 s., Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
  • Calderon M., Leesch J., 1983. Effect of reduced pressure and CO2 on the toxicity of methyl bromide to two species of stored-product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 76 (5), 1125-1128. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.5.1125
  • Celik N., Sullivan G., Ozman-Sullivan S., Ocal H., 2008. Insect pests of stored hazelnuts in Samsun province, Turkey. VII International Congress on Hazelnut, 515-520, Viterbo, Italy.
  • Daglish G.J., Nayak M.K., Pavic H., 2014. Phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) from eastern Australia: Inheritance, fitness, and prevalence. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59, 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2014.03.007
  • Donahaye E., Navarro S., 1989. Sensitivity of two dried fruit pests to methyl bromide alone, and in combination with carbon dioxide or under reduced pressure. Tropical Science, 29 (1), 9-14.
  • Ferizli A.G., Emekci M., 2013. Depolanmış ürün zararlılarının kimyasal ve kimyasal olmayan yöntemlerle savaşımı. 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, 17-20 Nisan, 2013, İzmir, Türkiye, 3-12.
  • Fields P., White N., 2002. Alternatives to methyl bromide treatments for stored-product and quarantine insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 331-359.
  • Garry V., Nelson R., Griffith J., Harkins M., 1990. Preparation for human study of pesticide applicators: sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to selected fumigants. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis, 10 (1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770100104
  • Gautam S., Opit G., Hosoda E., 2016. Phosphine resistance in adult and immature life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 109 (6), 2525-2533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow221
  • INC 2021. Kuru incir üretim miktarı. https://www.nutfruit.org/industry/technical-resources?category=statistical-yearbooks (accessed date: 17.07.2023).
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Azrieli A., Rindner M., Dias R., 2002. Propylene oxide as a potential alternative to methyl bromide. Proceedings of 8th International Working Conference on Stored-Product Protection, 22-26 July 2002, York, UK, 823-826 pp
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Rindner M., 2006. Propylene oxide: A potential quarantine and pre-shipment fumigant for disinfestation of nuts. Phytoparasitica, 34, 412-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981028
  • Isikber A., Navarro S., Finkelman S., Rindner M., Azrieli A., Dias R., 2004. Toxicity of propylene oxide at low pressure against life stages of four species of stored product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97 (2), 281-285. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.2.281
  • Isikber A.A., Oztekin S., Dayisoylu K.S., Duman A.D., 2012. Propylene oxide as potential quarantine fumigant for insect disinfestation of dried figs. Proceedings of 9th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products. 15-19 October 2012, 345-352, Antalya, Türkiye.
  • Isikber A., Tunaz H., Athanassiou C., Bilgili Y., Er M., 2017. Toxicity of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against life stages of Ephestia cautella (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 98, 56-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.01.015
  • Küçüktopcu Y., 2023. Bazı bitki ekstraktları ve inert tozların Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.:Dermestidae) ve Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lep.:Pyralidae) üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora tezi, 274 s., Samsun, Türkiye.
  • Meylan W., Papa L., De Rosa C.,Stara J., 1986. Chemical of current interest propylene oxide: health and environmental effects profile. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2 (3), 219-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200304
  • Monro H., Dumas T., Buckland C., 1966. The influence of vapour pressure of different fumigants on the mortality of two stored product insects in vacuum fumigation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 1 (3), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-474X(66)90001-4
  • Navarro S., Isikber A., Finkelman S., Rindner M., Azrieli A., Dias R., 2004. Effectiveness of short exposures of propylene oxide alone and in combination with low pressure or carbon dioxide against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 40 (2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(02)00097-8
  • Ohtani H., Horiguchi S., Urano Y., Iwasaka M., Tokuhashi K., Kondo S., 1989. Flammability limits of arsine and phosphine. Combustion and Flame, 76 (3-4), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90113-2
  • Özer İ., 2020. Modifiye atmosfer paketleme koşullarında depolamanın kuru incirin kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 141s., Aydın, Türkiye.
  • Plarre R., Reichmuth C. 1996. Toxic effects of carbonyl sulfide (COS) on Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium avenaceum (Saac.) (Deuteromycatina: Hypomycetes), and corrosion on copper. Proceedings of the 5ᵗʰ International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products, 21-26 April 1996, Nicosia, Cyprus, 21-26.
  • Punj G., 1969. Sorption of certain common fumigants by six different commodities (by bioassay). Bulletin of Grain Technology, 7, 217-221.
  • Sağlam Ö., Edde P.A., Phillips T.W., 2015. Resistance of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) to fumigation with phosphine. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108 (5), 2489-2495. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov193
  • SAS 2012. STAT R User’s Guide. Cary, NC, SAS Institute Inc. 4.
  • Schneider S.M., Rosskopf E.N., Leesch J.G., Chellemi D.O., Bull C.T., Mazzola M., 2003. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service - research on alternatives to methyl bromide: pre‐plant and post‐harvest. Pest Management Science 59 (6‐7), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.728
  • Tripathi A.K., 2018. Pests of stored grains. In: Pests and their management. Omkar (Ed.). Springer, Gateway East, Singapore, 311-360.
  • Turanlı F., 2003. Studies on infestation levels of pests on dried fig in Aydın and İzmir provinces. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 27, 171-180.
  • Tütüncü Ş., Emekci M., 2014. Kuru incir zararlısı Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)’un değişik yaşlı pupalarına fosfin gazının etkisi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (4), 399-405. doi:10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001298
  • Uzundumlu A.S., Kurtoğlu S., Şerefoğlu C., 2022. The role of Turkey in the world hazelnut production and exporting. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 34 (2), 117-127.
  • Weast R.C., Astle M.J., Beyer W.H., 1986., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press,Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, 278 p.
  • Yıldız İ., 2013. Kuru incir kurdu, Ephestia (Cadra) cautella’nın bakteriyel mücadele etmeninin araştırılması. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 110 s., Trabzon.
  • Zettler J.L., Hartsell P.L., Allred D.B., Muhareb J.S., Hurley J.M., Gill R.F., 2003. Sorption and insect toxicity of propylene oxide in dried fruits and nuts. In: Advances in Stored Product Protection, Proceedings of the 8th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection, Credland, P.F., Armitage, D.M., Bell, C.H., Cogan, P.M., Highley, E. (Eds.). 22-26 July 2002, York, CAB International, Oxon, UK, 921-924.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tarımda Entomoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yeter Küçüktopcu 0000-0002-2104-5764

Ali Arda Işıkber 0000-0003-1213-3532

Proje Numarası 2012/5-5YLS
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ağustos 2023
Kabul Tarihi 3 Kasım 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 64 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçüktopcu, Y., & Işıkber, A. A. (2024). Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin, 64(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1339441
AMA Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin. Mart 2024;64(1):14-22. doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1339441
Chicago Küçüktopcu, Yeter, ve Ali Arda Işıkber. “Evaluation of Propylene Oxide Fumigation Against Ephestia Cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Dried Figs and Hazelnuts”. Plant Protection Bulletin 64, sy. 1 (Mart 2024): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1339441.
EndNote Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA (01 Mart 2024) Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin 64 1 14–22.
IEEE Y. Küçüktopcu ve A. A. Işıkber, “Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts”, Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 64, sy. 1, ss. 14–22, 2024, doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.1339441.
ISNAD Küçüktopcu, Yeter - Işıkber, Ali Arda. “Evaluation of Propylene Oxide Fumigation Against Ephestia Cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Dried Figs and Hazelnuts”. Plant Protection Bulletin 64/1 (Mart 2024), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.16955/bitkorb.1339441.
JAMA Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2024;64:14–22.
MLA Küçüktopcu, Yeter ve Ali Arda Işıkber. “Evaluation of Propylene Oxide Fumigation Against Ephestia Cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Dried Figs and Hazelnuts”. Plant Protection Bulletin, c. 64, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 14-22, doi:10.16955/bitkorb.1339441.
Vancouver Küçüktopcu Y, Işıkber AA. Evaluation of propylene oxide fumigation against Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in dried figs and hazelnuts. Plant Protection Bulletin. 2024;64(1):14-22.
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