Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 183 - 189, 01.03.2023

İslam Saruhan Mehmet Kürşat Tunçer Celal Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1224288

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic injury level economic threshold filbert insect pest control

Kaynakça

  • Ak K, Tuncer C, Baltacı A, Eser U, and Saruhan I. 2018. Incidence and severity of stink bugs damage on kernels in Turkish hazelnut orchards. Acta. Hortic, 1226: 407-412.
  • Anonymous. 2017. Fındık entegre mücadele teknik talimatı. T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 134.
  • Bars T. 2021. 2021 yılı fındık ürün raporu. Tarım Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, Tepge Yayın No: 340, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 26.
  • Bosco L, Moraglio ST, Tavella L. 2018. Halyomorpha halys, a serious threat for hazelnut in newly invaded areas. J Pest Sci, 91: 661-670.
  • Demir T. 2004. Türk fındık çeşitlerinin RAPD markörleri ve pomolojik özellikleri ile tanımlanarak çeşitler arasındaki akrabalık ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi. MSc Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 21.
  • Hamidi R, Calvy M, Valentie E, Driss L, Guignet J, Thomas M, Tavella L. 2022. Symptoms resulting from the feeding of true bugs on growing hazelnuts. Entomol Exp Appl, 170: 477-487.
  • Hedstrom CS, Shearer PW, Miller JC, Walton VM. 2014. The effects of kernel feeding by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on commercial hazelnuts. J Econ Entomol, 107(5): 1858-1865.
  • Hekimoglu B, Altindeger M. 2019. Fındık sektörünün mevcut durumu. Samsun Valiliği İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Birimi, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 50.
  • Kranz J. 1992. Economic thresholds, risk analysis, and other decision variables in crop protection. In: Franz J, Holz F editors. Basics of decision-making and planning for integrated pest management (IPM). Food and Agriculture Development Centre, Berlin, Germany, 1st ed., pp: 190.
  • Kurt MA. 1975. Doğu Karadeniz fındıklarında zarar yapan Palomena prasina (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)’nın biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar (Gıda-Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, Samsun Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, No: 25, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 57.
  • Mumford, JD, Knight JD, 1997. Injury, damage and threshold concept. in methods in ecological and agricultural entomology. CAB International, New York, USA, 1st ed., pp: 387.
  • Ozdemir IO, Tuncer C, Ozer G. 2021. Molecular characterization and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against the Green shield bug Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions. Biocont Sci Tech, 31(12): 1298-1313.
  • Ozdemir IO, Tuncer C, Solmaz FG, Ozturk B. 2022. The impact of green shield bug (Palomena prasina [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]) infestation on antioxidant enzyme activities in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul,’ ‘Palaz’ and ‘Çakıldak’). Erwerbs-Obstbau, doi: 10.1007/s10341-022-00713-7.
  • Pedigo LP. 1996. Entomology and pest management. Prentice Hall Inc., New York, US, 2nd ed., pp: 679.
  • Puntener W. 1981. Manual for field trials in plant protection, Agricultural Division. Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Basel, Switzerland, 1st ed., pp: 205.
  • Saruhan I, Tuncer C. 2009. Population density and fluctuations of green shield bug (Palomena prasina L. Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) in hazelnut orchards of Turkey. Acta Hort, 845: 549-554.
  • Saruhan I, Tuncer, C. 2010. Fındık Kokarcası, Palomena prasina L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)’nın fındık meyvelerindeki zarar şekli ve oranı. Anadolu Tar Bil Derg, 25(2): 75-83.
  • Saruhan I. 2004. Researches on biology, population density and economic damage threshold of green shieldbug (Palomena prasina L. Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in hazelnut orchards of Black Sea region. PhD Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 95.
  • Saruhan I. Ozdemir IO. Tuncer C. 2022. Fecundity and clutch size of green shield bug [Palomena prasina L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)]. Uluslararası Tar Yaban Hayatı Bil Derg, 8(3): 484-490.
  • Tavella L, Arzone A, Miaja ML, Sonnati C. 2001. Influence of bug (Heteroptera: Coreidae and Pentatomidae) feeding activity on hazelnut in northwest Italy. Acta Hortic, 556: 461-468.
  • Tavella L, Arzone A, Sargiotto C, Sonnati C. 1997. Coreidae and Pentatomidae harmful to hazelnuts in Northern Italy. Acta Hortic, 445: 503-510.
  • Tavella L. Gianetti G. 2006. Le principali avversità del nocciolo in Piemonte. Petria, 16(1): 45-58.
  • Tuncer C, Ecevit O. 1997. Current status of hazelnut pest in Türkiye. Acta Hortic, 445: 545-552.
  • Tuncer C, Saruhan I, Akça I. 2005. The insect pest problem affecting hazelnut kernel quality in Turkey. Acta Hortic, 686: 367-375.
  • Tuncer C, Saruhan I, Akca I. 2009. Chemical control of true bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae, Acanthosomatidae and Coreidae) for preventing kernel damage in hazelnut orchards of Turkey. Acta Hortic, 845: 487-494.

Economic Damage Levels of the Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Türkiye Hazelnut Orchards

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 183 - 189, 01.03.2023

İslam Saruhan Mehmet Kürşat Tunçer Celal Tuncer

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1224288

Öz

The green shield bug (GSB) (Palomena prasina, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is one of the most important pests of hazelnut in Turkish hazelnut orchards. This harmful insect causes serious yield and quality losses by feeding directly on fruits every year. Their feeding on hazelnut fruits may result in nut abortion (empty nuts) in early season and cause shriveled and corked kernels in kernel expansion period. Insect pest management must be decided by depending on insect population level in field according to integrated pest management concept. Economic injury level (EIL) and economic threshold (ET) are the main essential points that must be considered in decision for insect pest control. Thus, it can be possible to protect the natural environment from unnecessary pesticide applications and the growers from high production costs. Therefore, determining of economic decision levels for controlling pests is critical. This is especially important for hazelnuts, which are grown on hundreds of thousands of hectares of land in Türkiye, and for the GSB, a serious pest that requires a couple of chemical applications per year. The economic decision levels vary mainly due to insect species and their damage potential, crop value in the market and control costs which can change over years and countries. This study aimed to calculate the EIL and ET values for GSB control action in hazelnut orchards in Türkiye using new economic market data. Based on previous research, the authors calculated the yield loss caused by one individual of GSB in this study. Direct yield loss, as well as quality and quantity losses from damaged kernels, were calculated separately and then totaled. The data, including crop value and control costs necessary for calculation was updated from free market sources. In the calculation of EIL/ET, the most common formula (EIL= C/ VxbxK) was used. As a result, the economic threshold for a single insecticide application was determined to be3.8 insect/da (=0.1 ha) for K=1 value and 4.76 insect/da for K=0.8 value, for single insecticide application. When ET values were converted in traditional Turkish approach that is special for hazelnut orchards; ET values for K=1 and K=0.8 were 0.76 insect/ 10 “hazelnut “ocak” (traditional growing of hazelnut plants together) and 0.95 insect/ 10 “ocak” respectively. If 2 applications per year for GSB were considered, ET values were doubled up and calculated to be 7.6 and 9.47 insect/da for K=1 and K=0.8 value respectively, and thusly 1.52 and 1.9 insect/ 10 “ocak” for Türkiye. For practical reasons, the ET value for GSB was recommended as 10 insect/da and 2 insects/10 “ocak”, for Türkiye, with consideration of 2 chemical applications and K= 0.8.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic injury level Economic threshold Filbert Insect Pest Control

Kaynakça

  • Ak K, Tuncer C, Baltacı A, Eser U, and Saruhan I. 2018. Incidence and severity of stink bugs damage on kernels in Turkish hazelnut orchards. Acta. Hortic, 1226: 407-412.
  • Anonymous. 2017. Fındık entegre mücadele teknik talimatı. T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 134.
  • Bars T. 2021. 2021 yılı fındık ürün raporu. Tarım Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü, Tepge Yayın No: 340, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 26.
  • Bosco L, Moraglio ST, Tavella L. 2018. Halyomorpha halys, a serious threat for hazelnut in newly invaded areas. J Pest Sci, 91: 661-670.
  • Demir T. 2004. Türk fındık çeşitlerinin RAPD markörleri ve pomolojik özellikleri ile tanımlanarak çeşitler arasındaki akrabalık ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi. MSc Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 21.
  • Hamidi R, Calvy M, Valentie E, Driss L, Guignet J, Thomas M, Tavella L. 2022. Symptoms resulting from the feeding of true bugs on growing hazelnuts. Entomol Exp Appl, 170: 477-487.
  • Hedstrom CS, Shearer PW, Miller JC, Walton VM. 2014. The effects of kernel feeding by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on commercial hazelnuts. J Econ Entomol, 107(5): 1858-1865.
  • Hekimoglu B, Altindeger M. 2019. Fındık sektörünün mevcut durumu. Samsun Valiliği İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Birimi, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 50.
  • Kranz J. 1992. Economic thresholds, risk analysis, and other decision variables in crop protection. In: Franz J, Holz F editors. Basics of decision-making and planning for integrated pest management (IPM). Food and Agriculture Development Centre, Berlin, Germany, 1st ed., pp: 190.
  • Kurt MA. 1975. Doğu Karadeniz fındıklarında zarar yapan Palomena prasina (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)’nın biyo-ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar (Gıda-Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, Samsun Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, No: 25, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 57.
  • Mumford, JD, Knight JD, 1997. Injury, damage and threshold concept. in methods in ecological and agricultural entomology. CAB International, New York, USA, 1st ed., pp: 387.
  • Ozdemir IO, Tuncer C, Ozer G. 2021. Molecular characterization and efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against the Green shield bug Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) under laboratory conditions. Biocont Sci Tech, 31(12): 1298-1313.
  • Ozdemir IO, Tuncer C, Solmaz FG, Ozturk B. 2022. The impact of green shield bug (Palomena prasina [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]) infestation on antioxidant enzyme activities in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul,’ ‘Palaz’ and ‘Çakıldak’). Erwerbs-Obstbau, doi: 10.1007/s10341-022-00713-7.
  • Pedigo LP. 1996. Entomology and pest management. Prentice Hall Inc., New York, US, 2nd ed., pp: 679.
  • Puntener W. 1981. Manual for field trials in plant protection, Agricultural Division. Ciba-Geigy Ltd, Basel, Switzerland, 1st ed., pp: 205.
  • Saruhan I, Tuncer C. 2009. Population density and fluctuations of green shield bug (Palomena prasina L. Heteroptera:Pentatomidae) in hazelnut orchards of Turkey. Acta Hort, 845: 549-554.
  • Saruhan I, Tuncer, C. 2010. Fındık Kokarcası, Palomena prasina L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)’nın fındık meyvelerindeki zarar şekli ve oranı. Anadolu Tar Bil Derg, 25(2): 75-83.
  • Saruhan I. 2004. Researches on biology, population density and economic damage threshold of green shieldbug (Palomena prasina L. Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in hazelnut orchards of Black Sea region. PhD Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Türkiye, pp: 95.
  • Saruhan I. Ozdemir IO. Tuncer C. 2022. Fecundity and clutch size of green shield bug [Palomena prasina L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)]. Uluslararası Tar Yaban Hayatı Bil Derg, 8(3): 484-490.
  • Tavella L, Arzone A, Miaja ML, Sonnati C. 2001. Influence of bug (Heteroptera: Coreidae and Pentatomidae) feeding activity on hazelnut in northwest Italy. Acta Hortic, 556: 461-468.
  • Tavella L, Arzone A, Sargiotto C, Sonnati C. 1997. Coreidae and Pentatomidae harmful to hazelnuts in Northern Italy. Acta Hortic, 445: 503-510.
  • Tavella L. Gianetti G. 2006. Le principali avversità del nocciolo in Piemonte. Petria, 16(1): 45-58.
  • Tuncer C, Ecevit O. 1997. Current status of hazelnut pest in Türkiye. Acta Hortic, 445: 545-552.
  • Tuncer C, Saruhan I, Akça I. 2005. The insect pest problem affecting hazelnut kernel quality in Turkey. Acta Hortic, 686: 367-375.
  • Tuncer C, Saruhan I, Akca I. 2009. Chemical control of true bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae, Acanthosomatidae and Coreidae) for preventing kernel damage in hazelnut orchards of Turkey. Acta Hortic, 845: 487-494.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

İslam Saruhan 0000-0003-0229-9627

Mehmet Kürşat Tunçer 0000-0002-9016-3633

Celal Tuncer 0000-0002-9014-8003

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 13 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Saruhan, İ., Tunçer, M. K., & Tuncer, C. (2023). Economic Damage Levels of the Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Türkiye Hazelnut Orchards. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 6(2), 183-189. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1224288
 Kapak Resmi İndir

                                                  24890