Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Effects of Different Mixture Ratios of Common Vetch and Triticale on Forage Yield and Silage Quality

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 233 - 239, 15.05.2024

Mehmet Öten Mertcan Koç Alperen Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1435931

Öz

In order to obtain high amounts and quality forage in legume grain mixtures, the mixture ratios must be adjusted well. Since grains are tillered due to their physiology, their ratios in roughage are different from the mixing ratios in planting. This is a factor that increases roughage yield and reduces crude protein rate and yield. In addition, in cases where grains are insufficient in terms of minerals in animal nutrition and are planted in mixtures with legumes, the rapid development and high yield effects of grains should be combined with the balanced nutrition potential of legumes in order to obtain better quality feed. In the research, which was conducted to determine the effect of vetch and triticale mixture ratios on yield and silage quality in Sakarya ecological conditions, plantings were carried out at different mixture ratios. In this study, 100% Vetch, 100% Triticale, 75% Vetch + 25% Triticale, 50% Vetch + 50% Triticale and 25% Vetch + 75% Triticale were planted in Sakarya conditions and the effect of the mixture ratios on grass yield was revealed. Additionally, silage was made from the mixtures obtained, and the effect of the applied mixture ratios on silage quality was determined. Field trials of the research were carried out in the trial areas of Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture. In the experiment, plant height, green and dry forage yield observations were taken. At the end of the maturation period, silage was made in 2 kilogram containers from each parcel as a silage quality criterion; silage dry matter ratio, silage pH, crude protein ratio, ADF and NDF observations were taken. By calculating the physical and sensory analysis and fleig point used to determine silage quality, the silages obtained from the mixtures were defined in detail by chemical, physical and sensory analysis and the fleig point. In the study, the highest green forage yield, hay yield, crude protein, ADF, NDF ratio and fleig point were obtained from 100% Vetch, 100% Triticale, 100% Vetch, 100% Triticale, 100% Triticale and 50% Vetch+50% Triticale mixtures, respectively. Due to the favorable outcomes in terms of forage yield and silage quality, 25% Vetch + 75% Triticale mixture ratio can be recommended to producers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Common vetch Triticale Mixture Silage Quality

Etik Beyan

The study does not require an ethics committee decision.

Teşekkür

This publication was produced from the project supported by TUBITAK 2209/A Unıversıty Students Research Projects Support Program. We would like to thank TUBITAK for their contributions.

Kaynakça

  • Acıkgoz E. 2001. Forage crops. Uludag University Press, Bursa. 3rd ed., pp: 584.
  • Acıkgoz E, Cakmakcı S. 1986. Research on forage yield and quality of common vetch and cereal mixtures in Bursa conditions. Uludag Univ Fac Agri J, 5: 65-73.
  • Akyıldız R. 1984. Laboratory guide for feed Sci. Ankara University, Fac Agri Press, Publications. No: 358, Application Guide, pp: 174-185.
  • Alcicek A, Ozkan K. 1997. Determination of silage quality in forage mixtures using physical and chemical methods. Turkey I, Silage Congress, Proceedings. September 19, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 241-246.
  • Albayrak S, Mut Z, Tongel O. 2006. Dry forage and seed yield and some agronomic properties of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) Lines. SDU J Fac Agri, 1(1): 13-21.
  • Anonymous. 1996. Agricultural structure and production. Prime Ministry Publications, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 48.
  • Anonymous. 2001. Technical ınstruction for agricultural value measurement trials. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Seed Certification and Registration Center Directorate, Ankara Türkiye, pp: 54.
  • Anonymous. 2002. SAS Institute. JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc., pp: 70.
  • Binici N. 2020. Effects of some vetch (Vicia sp.) species and wheat (Triticum sp.) mixture ratios on forage yield and quality in Kahramanmaras conditions. MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaras Sutcu İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 76.
  • Budaklı Carpıcı E. 2009. Evaluation of plant density and different amounts of nitrogen applications in silage corn cultivation in terms of stress physiology. PhD thesis, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 63.
  • Bulgurlu S, Ergul M. 1978. The methods of physical, chemical, and biological analysis of feeds. E. U. Printing House Publication No: 127, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 176.
  • Carr PM, Horsley RD, Poland WW. 2004. Barley, oat, and cereal-pea mixtures as dryland forages in the Northern Great Plains. Agron J, 96(3): 677-684.
  • Demiroglu Topcu G, Kır B, Celen AE, Kavut YT. 2020. Determination of the most suitable mixture ratio and harvest time for different vetch + cereal mixtures. ISPEC J Agri Sci, 4(2), 146-156.
  • Dogan S, Terzioglu O. 2010. The effect of field pea (Pisum arvense L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) combinations on the forage yield and silage qualitys in Van ecological conditions. J Bahri Dagdas Crop Res, 8 (1): 106-114, 2019
  • Egritas O. 2014. Determination of forage yield and quality of common vetch + cereal mixtures grown under ecological conditions in Ordu. MSc Thesis, Ordu University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 70.
  • Enayat AHK, Kokten K, Tutar H. 2016. Effects of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture ratios on forage yield in Bingol conditions. 12th Field Crop Congress, 12-15 September, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 173-177.
  • Filya I. 2001. Silage fermentation. Ataturk Univ Fac Agri J, 32(1): 87-93.
  • Ghanbari–Banjar A, Lee HC. 2003. Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality. Grass Forage Sci, 58: 28–36.
  • Hasar E, Tukel T. 1994. Research on the effects of mixture ratio and harvest time of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) + triticale (Triticum x Secale) mixture on forage yield, quality, and seed yield. Crop Plants Congress, April 25-30, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 28.
  • Iptas S, Yılmaz M. 1998. Effects of different hungarian vetch + barley mixture ratios on yield and quality in Tokat conditions. Anadolu, J AARI, 8(2): 106-114.
  • Kaplan M, Kokten K, Akcura M. 2014. Determination of silage characteristics and nutritional values of some triticale genotypes. Turkish J Agri Nat Sci, 1(2): 102-107.
  • Karadeniz E, Eren A, Saruhan V. 2020. Determination of silage quality in mixtures of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack). ISPEC J Agril Sci, 4(2): 249-259.
  • Karakozak E, Ayasan T. 2010. Effects of inoculant usage on the fermentation score and nutrient content of silages prepared from different forage crops and mixtures. Kafkas Univ J Fac Vet Med, 16(6): 987-994.
  • Kılıc A. 1986. Silage Feed (Teaching, Learning, and Application Recommendations). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 23.
  • Munoz Santa I, Nagel S, Taylor J D. 2023. Incorporating the pedigree information in multi-environment trial analyses for improving common vetch. Front Plant Sci, 14: 1166133.
  • McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE. 1991. The biochemistry of silage. Chalcombe Publications, London, UK, 2nd ed., pp: 81-151.
  • Moreira N. 1989. The effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nutritive value of oat-vetch mixture. J Agri Sci, 112: 57-66.
  • Onal Ascı O, Egritas O. 2017. A research on forage yield, some quality characteristics, and competition in common vetch-cereal mixtures. J Agri Sci, 23: 242-252.
  • Olgun L. 2018. Possibilities of growing common vetch-triticale mixtures in Kahramanmaras conditions. MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaras Sutcu İmam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 45.
  • Ozata E, Oz A, Kapar H. 2012. Determination of yield and quality characteristics of silage corn variety candidates. J Agri Sci Research, 5(1), 37-41.
  • Ozyazıcı MA. 2022. Plants used for green manuring and green manuring purposes. In: Özyazıcı MA, Açıkbaş S, editors. Green manuring. Iksad Publishing House, Ankara, Türkiye, p: 3-50.
  • Ozyazıcı MA, Manga I. 2000. The effects of some legume forage crops and plant residues used as green manure in the irrigated conditions of Çarşamba Plain on the yield and quality of the following corn and sunflower. Turkish J Agri Forestry, 24(1): 95-103.
  • Parissi Z, Irakli M, Tigka E, Papastylianou P, Dordas C, Tani E, Abraham EM, Theodoropoulos A, Kargiotidou A, Kougiteas L, Kousta A, Koskosidis A, Kostoula S, Beslemes D, Vlachostergios DN. 2022. Analysis of genotypic and environmental effects on biomass yield, nutritional and antinutritional factors in common vetch. Agronomy, 12(7): 1678.
  • Pitt RE. 1990. The probability of inoculant effectiveness in alfalfa silages. Transact ASAE, 33: 1771-1778.
  • Raques CA, Smith D. 1966. Some non-structural carbohydrates in forage legume herbage. J Agri Food Chem, 14(4), 423-426.
  • Roberts CA, Moore KJ, Johnson KD. 1989. Forage quality and yield of wheatvetch at different stages of maturity and vetch seeding rate. Agron J, 81: 57-60.
  • Saglamtimur T, Gulcan H, Tukel T, Tansı V, Anlarsal AE, Hatipoglu R. 1986. Adaptation trials of forage crops in Cukurova conditions. I. Leguminous forage crops. Cukurova Univ J Agri Fac, 1(3): 26-36.
  • Sahin T, Berberoglu TM, Yılmaz B, Filizoglu E, Olmez M. 2023, Determination of silage quality in mixtures of triticale and common vetch at different inclusion rates. 5. International Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Science Congress, 17-19 February, Kars, Türkiye, pp: 48.
  • Sarıcicek ZB, Ayan I, Garipoglu AV. 2002. The effect of single and mixed plantings of corn and some legumes on silage quality. Samsun OMU J Fac Agri, 17(3): 1-5.
  • Sarunaite L, Deveikyte I, Kadziuliene Z. 2010. Intercropping spring wheat with grain legume for ıncreased production in an organic crop rotation. Zewdirbyste–Agri, 97: 51-58.
  • Seydosoglu S, Turan N, Oluk A. 2020. Investigation of the effects of mixture ratios of some leguminous forage crops with barley on forage yield and quality. Acad Agri J, 9(2), 289-296.
  • Soya H, Avcıoglu R, Geren H. 1996. The effect of row spacing of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and mixture ratios with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a support crop on seed yield and yield characteristics. Turkey 3rd Meadow-Pasture and Forage Crops Congress, June 17-19, Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 328-334.
  • Soya H, Ergin IZ, Tosun M, Celen AE. 1991. Research on grass yield and yield characteristics in mixtures of some vetch (Vicia sp.) species with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L) and triticale (Xtriticosecale wittmack). Aegean J Agri Res (28)1: 105-122.
  • Tan M, Serin Y. 1996. A research on the determination of suitable mixture ratios and harvest time for different vetch + cereal mixtures. Ataturk Univ Fac Agri J. 27(4), 475-489.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. 1991. Methods for dietery fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci, 74: 3583-3597.
  • Yagbasanlar T, Ulger AC. 1989. The nutrient value and ımportance of Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). Cukurova Univ Fac Agri J, 4(4): 120-128.
  • Yıldırım S, Ozaslan Parlak A. 2016. Effects of mixtures of triticale with pea, faba bean, and vetch on forage yield and quality. COMU J Fac Agri, 4(1), 77-83.
  • Yousıf Yousıf HA. 2016. The effects of mixture ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and triticale (Xtriticosecale Wittmack.) on forage yield and quality in Bingol conditions. MSc Thesis, Bingol University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops, Bingol, Türkiye, pp: 68.
  • Yucel C, Avcı M. 2009. Effect of different ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)-triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) mixtures on forage yields and quality in Cukurova Plain, Turkey. Bulgarian J Agri Sci, 15: 323-332.

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 233 - 239, 15.05.2024

Mehmet Öten Mertcan Koç Alperen Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1435931

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acıkgoz E. 2001. Forage crops. Uludag University Press, Bursa. 3rd ed., pp: 584.
  • Acıkgoz E, Cakmakcı S. 1986. Research on forage yield and quality of common vetch and cereal mixtures in Bursa conditions. Uludag Univ Fac Agri J, 5: 65-73.
  • Akyıldız R. 1984. Laboratory guide for feed Sci. Ankara University, Fac Agri Press, Publications. No: 358, Application Guide, pp: 174-185.
  • Alcicek A, Ozkan K. 1997. Determination of silage quality in forage mixtures using physical and chemical methods. Turkey I, Silage Congress, Proceedings. September 19, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 241-246.
  • Albayrak S, Mut Z, Tongel O. 2006. Dry forage and seed yield and some agronomic properties of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) Lines. SDU J Fac Agri, 1(1): 13-21.
  • Anonymous. 1996. Agricultural structure and production. Prime Ministry Publications, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 48.
  • Anonymous. 2001. Technical ınstruction for agricultural value measurement trials. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Seed Certification and Registration Center Directorate, Ankara Türkiye, pp: 54.
  • Anonymous. 2002. SAS Institute. JMP Statistics. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc., pp: 70.
  • Binici N. 2020. Effects of some vetch (Vicia sp.) species and wheat (Triticum sp.) mixture ratios on forage yield and quality in Kahramanmaras conditions. MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaras Sutcu İmam University, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 76.
  • Budaklı Carpıcı E. 2009. Evaluation of plant density and different amounts of nitrogen applications in silage corn cultivation in terms of stress physiology. PhD thesis, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 63.
  • Bulgurlu S, Ergul M. 1978. The methods of physical, chemical, and biological analysis of feeds. E. U. Printing House Publication No: 127, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 176.
  • Carr PM, Horsley RD, Poland WW. 2004. Barley, oat, and cereal-pea mixtures as dryland forages in the Northern Great Plains. Agron J, 96(3): 677-684.
  • Demiroglu Topcu G, Kır B, Celen AE, Kavut YT. 2020. Determination of the most suitable mixture ratio and harvest time for different vetch + cereal mixtures. ISPEC J Agri Sci, 4(2), 146-156.
  • Dogan S, Terzioglu O. 2010. The effect of field pea (Pisum arvense L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) combinations on the forage yield and silage qualitys in Van ecological conditions. J Bahri Dagdas Crop Res, 8 (1): 106-114, 2019
  • Egritas O. 2014. Determination of forage yield and quality of common vetch + cereal mixtures grown under ecological conditions in Ordu. MSc Thesis, Ordu University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Ordu, Türkiye, pp: 70.
  • Enayat AHK, Kokten K, Tutar H. 2016. Effects of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mixture ratios on forage yield in Bingol conditions. 12th Field Crop Congress, 12-15 September, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 173-177.
  • Filya I. 2001. Silage fermentation. Ataturk Univ Fac Agri J, 32(1): 87-93.
  • Ghanbari–Banjar A, Lee HC. 2003. Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality. Grass Forage Sci, 58: 28–36.
  • Hasar E, Tukel T. 1994. Research on the effects of mixture ratio and harvest time of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) + triticale (Triticum x Secale) mixture on forage yield, quality, and seed yield. Crop Plants Congress, April 25-30, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 28.
  • Iptas S, Yılmaz M. 1998. Effects of different hungarian vetch + barley mixture ratios on yield and quality in Tokat conditions. Anadolu, J AARI, 8(2): 106-114.
  • Kaplan M, Kokten K, Akcura M. 2014. Determination of silage characteristics and nutritional values of some triticale genotypes. Turkish J Agri Nat Sci, 1(2): 102-107.
  • Karadeniz E, Eren A, Saruhan V. 2020. Determination of silage quality in mixtures of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack). ISPEC J Agril Sci, 4(2): 249-259.
  • Karakozak E, Ayasan T. 2010. Effects of inoculant usage on the fermentation score and nutrient content of silages prepared from different forage crops and mixtures. Kafkas Univ J Fac Vet Med, 16(6): 987-994.
  • Kılıc A. 1986. Silage Feed (Teaching, Learning, and Application Recommendations). Bilgehan Press, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 23.
  • Munoz Santa I, Nagel S, Taylor J D. 2023. Incorporating the pedigree information in multi-environment trial analyses for improving common vetch. Front Plant Sci, 14: 1166133.
  • McDonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE. 1991. The biochemistry of silage. Chalcombe Publications, London, UK, 2nd ed., pp: 81-151.
  • Moreira N. 1989. The effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nutritive value of oat-vetch mixture. J Agri Sci, 112: 57-66.
  • Onal Ascı O, Egritas O. 2017. A research on forage yield, some quality characteristics, and competition in common vetch-cereal mixtures. J Agri Sci, 23: 242-252.
  • Olgun L. 2018. Possibilities of growing common vetch-triticale mixtures in Kahramanmaras conditions. MSc Thesis, Kahramanmaras Sutcu İmam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Kahramanmaras, Türkiye, pp: 45.
  • Ozata E, Oz A, Kapar H. 2012. Determination of yield and quality characteristics of silage corn variety candidates. J Agri Sci Research, 5(1), 37-41.
  • Ozyazıcı MA. 2022. Plants used for green manuring and green manuring purposes. In: Özyazıcı MA, Açıkbaş S, editors. Green manuring. Iksad Publishing House, Ankara, Türkiye, p: 3-50.
  • Ozyazıcı MA, Manga I. 2000. The effects of some legume forage crops and plant residues used as green manure in the irrigated conditions of Çarşamba Plain on the yield and quality of the following corn and sunflower. Turkish J Agri Forestry, 24(1): 95-103.
  • Parissi Z, Irakli M, Tigka E, Papastylianou P, Dordas C, Tani E, Abraham EM, Theodoropoulos A, Kargiotidou A, Kougiteas L, Kousta A, Koskosidis A, Kostoula S, Beslemes D, Vlachostergios DN. 2022. Analysis of genotypic and environmental effects on biomass yield, nutritional and antinutritional factors in common vetch. Agronomy, 12(7): 1678.
  • Pitt RE. 1990. The probability of inoculant effectiveness in alfalfa silages. Transact ASAE, 33: 1771-1778.
  • Raques CA, Smith D. 1966. Some non-structural carbohydrates in forage legume herbage. J Agri Food Chem, 14(4), 423-426.
  • Roberts CA, Moore KJ, Johnson KD. 1989. Forage quality and yield of wheatvetch at different stages of maturity and vetch seeding rate. Agron J, 81: 57-60.
  • Saglamtimur T, Gulcan H, Tukel T, Tansı V, Anlarsal AE, Hatipoglu R. 1986. Adaptation trials of forage crops in Cukurova conditions. I. Leguminous forage crops. Cukurova Univ J Agri Fac, 1(3): 26-36.
  • Sahin T, Berberoglu TM, Yılmaz B, Filizoglu E, Olmez M. 2023, Determination of silage quality in mixtures of triticale and common vetch at different inclusion rates. 5. International Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Science Congress, 17-19 February, Kars, Türkiye, pp: 48.
  • Sarıcicek ZB, Ayan I, Garipoglu AV. 2002. The effect of single and mixed plantings of corn and some legumes on silage quality. Samsun OMU J Fac Agri, 17(3): 1-5.
  • Sarunaite L, Deveikyte I, Kadziuliene Z. 2010. Intercropping spring wheat with grain legume for ıncreased production in an organic crop rotation. Zewdirbyste–Agri, 97: 51-58.
  • Seydosoglu S, Turan N, Oluk A. 2020. Investigation of the effects of mixture ratios of some leguminous forage crops with barley on forage yield and quality. Acad Agri J, 9(2), 289-296.
  • Soya H, Avcıoglu R, Geren H. 1996. The effect of row spacing of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and mixture ratios with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a support crop on seed yield and yield characteristics. Turkey 3rd Meadow-Pasture and Forage Crops Congress, June 17-19, Erzurum, Türkiye, pp: 328-334.
  • Soya H, Ergin IZ, Tosun M, Celen AE. 1991. Research on grass yield and yield characteristics in mixtures of some vetch (Vicia sp.) species with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L) and triticale (Xtriticosecale wittmack). Aegean J Agri Res (28)1: 105-122.
  • Tan M, Serin Y. 1996. A research on the determination of suitable mixture ratios and harvest time for different vetch + cereal mixtures. Ataturk Univ Fac Agri J. 27(4), 475-489.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. 1991. Methods for dietery fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci, 74: 3583-3597.
  • Yagbasanlar T, Ulger AC. 1989. The nutrient value and ımportance of Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack). Cukurova Univ Fac Agri J, 4(4): 120-128.
  • Yıldırım S, Ozaslan Parlak A. 2016. Effects of mixtures of triticale with pea, faba bean, and vetch on forage yield and quality. COMU J Fac Agri, 4(1), 77-83.
  • Yousıf Yousıf HA. 2016. The effects of mixture ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and triticale (Xtriticosecale Wittmack.) on forage yield and quality in Bingol conditions. MSc Thesis, Bingol University, Institute of Science, Department of Field Crops, Bingol, Türkiye, pp: 68.
  • Yucel C, Avcı M. 2009. Effect of different ratios of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)-triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) mixtures on forage yields and quality in Cukurova Plain, Turkey. Bulgarian J Agri Sci, 15: 323-332.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mehmet Öten 0000-0002-3737-2356

Mertcan Koç 0009-0007-0127-4547

Alperen Gümüş 0009-0009-8580-3411

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 15 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Öten, M., Koç, M., & Gümüş, A. (2024). Effects of Different Mixture Ratios of Common Vetch and Triticale on Forage Yield and Silage Quality. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 7(3), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1435931
 Kapak Resmi İndir

                                                  24890