Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 26.06.2019
Öz
Son yıllarda olumsuz etkileri daha çok hissedilen küresel ısınma nedeni ile çevresel ve iklimsel sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bitkisel üretim, hem biyotik hem de abiyotik stres faktörleri tarafından etkilenmektedir ve gelecekte özellikle çevresel stres faktörlerinin daha etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir. Küresel ısınmanın gelecekteki en önemli olumsuz etkilerinin başında tuzluluk ve kuraklık stresi gelmektedir. Tuzluluk ve kuraklık stresi altındaki topraklarda yetiştirilen bitkisel üretimde verim ve kalite olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Tarımsal alanlardaki toprak florasının korunması ve sürdürülebilir hale gelmesi için mikorizaların kullanılması tüm dünyada giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Mikorizalar, bitkilerin besin maddesi alınımına olumlu katkı sunarken bunun yanında tuzluluk ve kuraklık, ağır metal toksisitesi ve sıcaklık stresine dayanımı arttırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte büyümeyi teşvik edici maddelerin salgılanmasını uyarmaktadır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda, mikorizaların biyolojik mücadele ve bitki besleme alanlarında pozitif etkisinin olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; bitkisel üretimde mikoriza kullanımı hastalık ve zararlılarla mücadelede maliyet azalacak, ürünlerin verim ve kalitesi artacaktır. Ayrıca tarıma dayalı toprak ve çevre kirliliği azaltılmış olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Al-Karaki GN (2000). Growth of mycorrhizal tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza,10(2), 51-54. Al-Karaki, G.N., Hammad, D.R., Rusan, M., 2001. Response of two tomato cultivars differing in salt tolerance to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi under salt stres. Mycorrhiza 11: 41-47. Andrade, G., Mihara, K.L., Linderman R.G. and Bethelenfalvay, G.J. 1998. Soil aggregation statusand rhizobacteria in the mycorrhizosphere. Plant and Soil. 2002:89-96. Bagyaraj, D. J. 1991. Ecology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. In. Handbook of Applied Mycology, Soil and Plants, vol. 1, (Eds.) by D.K. Arora., B. R., K.G. Mukerji., and G. R. Knudsen. Marcel Dekker. USA. Bagyaraj, D., Sreeramula, K.R. 1982. Preinoculation with Vesicular ArbuscularMycorrhiza improves growth and yield of chilli transplanted in the field and saves phosphatic fertilizer. Plant and Soil 69: 375-381. Baltruschat, H. and Schönbeck, F. 1975. Studies on the Influence of Endotrophic Mycorrhiza on the Infection of Tobacco by Thielaviopsis basicolaPhytopath. Z., 84: 172 –178. Bellone,C.H., Bellone,S.C.,1995.Morphogenesis strawbery roots infected by Azospirillum brasilense and V.A. mycorrhiza.NATO ASI Ser. SerG.37,251-255. Bethlenfalvay, J. G 1992.Mycorhizae and Crop Productivity. Mycorhizae in Sustainable Agriculture. ASA Special Publication, Number 14, p: 1 - 27. Brundrett, M. 1991. Mycorrhizas in Naturel Ecosystem. Advanced in Ecological Research, Vol (21): 171 - 313. Caron, M. 1989. Potential use of mycorrhizae in control of soil-borne diseases. Canad J Plant Pathol 11:177–179. Çetinkaya, N., Dur., S., 2010. Mısır Vejetatif Gelişimi ve Verimi Üzerinde Bir Endomikorizal Preparatın Etkileri. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 47 (1): 53-59. Davies, F. T. J., Potter, J. R. Linderman, R. G., 1992, Mycorrhiza and repeated drought exposure effect drought resistance and extraradical hyphae 54development of pepper plants independent of independent of plant size and nutrient content. J. Plant Physiol 139: 289–294. Dehne, H.W., Schönbeck, F., Baltruschat, H. 1978. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Endotrophen Mycorrhiza auf Pflanzenkrankheiten. 3. Chitinase Aktivitat und Ornithin Zyklus (The influence Endotrophic Mycorrhiza on Plant Disease. 3. Chitinase - Activity and Ornithinecycle) Z. Pflkrankh. 85: 666 – 678. Demir S (1998) Bazı Kültür Bitkilerinde Vesiküler Arbüsküler Mikorrhiza Oluşumu ve Bunun Bitki Gelişimi ve Dayanıklılıktaki Rolü Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi. Demir, S. ve Onoğur, E.1999.Bitkilerde Vesiküler-Arbüsküler Mikoriza Oluşumunun Bitki Besleme ve Bitki Korumadaki Önemi. Anadolu Dergisi, 9(2), 12-32. Demir, S., Akköprü, A., 2007. Using of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) for Biocontrol of Soil-Borne Fungal Plant Pathogens. In: Biological Control of Plant Diseases.Eds.S.B. Chincholkar, K.G. Mukerji, Haworth Press, NY, USA, p:17-37. Dod, J.C., Krıkun, J., Hass, J. 1983. Relative Effectiveness indigenous populations of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from four sites in the stress ın the negev. Israil Journel of Botany 32: 10-21. Dodd, J.C., Jeffries, P., 1989. Effects of herbicides on three vesicular-arbuscular fungi associated with winter wheat (Riticum aestivumL.). Biol. Fertil. Soils,7: 113-119. Farahani HA, Lebaschi MH, Hamidi A (2008). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and water stress on quantity and quality characteristics of coriander. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences,2(2), 55-60. Fitter, A.H., Garbaye, J. 1994. Interactions BetweenMycorrhizal Fungi and Other Soil Organism. Plant and Soil, Vol: 159, No: 1, p: 123 – 133. Fritz M, Jakobsen I, Lyngkjær MF, Thordal-Christensen H, Pons-Kühnemann J (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhiza reduces susceptibility of tomato to Alternaria solani. Mycorrhiza,16(6), 413-419. Gerdemann, J.W. 1968. Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorhiza and Plant Growth. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 6: 397 – 418. Harley, J. L., Smith, S. E., 1983, Mycorrhizal symbiyosis. Academic press. London UK. Harley, J.L. 1975. The Mycorhizal Associations. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol:17, p: 148 – 186. İkiz, Ö., 2003, Topraksız biber tarımında mikorizaların etkileri.Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi. Adana. Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D. D. Jr (eds.) 2000a. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. p: 47-68. Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D. D. Jr (eds.) 2000b. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. p: 85-106. Kara Ö. ve Tilki F.2001. Mikoriza ve Ormancılıkta Kullanımı. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: B, Cilt: 51, Sayı: . 1. pp. 127-139. Kayış SU, 2014. Bazı mercimek (Lens culinaris Medic.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide döneminde tuza toleransı, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Keklikçi, Z., 2014. Bitkisel Üretim. %. Ulusal Çevre ve Ekoloji Öğrenci Kongresi 1-2 Mart 2014, Odtü KKM B Salonu. Ankara. Koide, R.T., 1991. Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol., 117: 365-386.24 Lambert, D.H., Baker, D.E. and Cole, H., 1979. The role of mycorrhizae in the interactions of phosphorus with zinc, copper and other elements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43: 976-980. Linderman, R.G., 1996. Role of VAM fungi in Biocontrol. In: Mycorrhizae and Plant Health. Ed.Pfleger, F.L. and Linderman R.G. Symposium Series, APS Press, 1-25 p Maboko MM, Bertling I, Du Plooy CP (2013). Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Temperature Control on Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Content of Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically. HortScience,48(12), 1470-1477. Marschner H, Dell B (1994). Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and soil,159(1), 89-102. Marschner, H. 1995. Mycorrhizas. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (Second Edition), Academic Press. p: 566 - 595. Matsubara, Y., Harada, T., Yakuwa, T., 1995, Effect of inokulum density of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal spores and addition of carbonized material to bed soil on growth of welshonion seedlings, journal of the Japanese society for horticultiral science 64(3): 549-554. Mohammed, A., B. Mıtra, A.G. Khan. 2004. Effects of sheared root inoculum of Glomus intraradiceson wheat grown at different phosphorous levels in the field. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v.103(1) p.245-249. Morandi, D. 1996. Occurrence of Phytoalexins and Phenolic Compounds in Endomycorrhizal Interactions and Their Potential Role in Biological Control. Plant and Soil, Vol: 185, No: 2, p: 241 – 251. Morandi, D., J.A. Bailey and P.A.Gianinazzi, 1984. Physiol. Pl. Pathol. 24,357-364. Moser, M., and Haselwandter, K. 1975. Ecophysiology of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology. Vol: 12, p:391 – 421. Mosse, B. 1973. Advances in the Study of Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , 11: 429 – 454. Muchovej, R. M., 2001. Importance of Mycorrhizae for Agricultural Crops. University of Florida, Extension Instude of Food Agricultural Sciences, SS-AGR-170. Ortaş, I,. P. J. Harris and D. L. Rowell. 1996. Enhanced uptake of phosphorus by mycorrhizal sorghum plants as influenced by forms of nitrogen. Plant and Soil. 184: 255-264. Ortaş, İ. 2002. Do Plants Depend on Mycorrhizae In Terms of Nutrient Requirement? International Conference On Sustainable Land Use And Management. Çanakkale. Ortaş,İ.,1997.Mikoriza nedir?TUBİTAK dergisi. Ankara Şubat.(351). Pfeiffer CM, Bloss HE (1988). Growth and nutition of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) in a saline soil as influenced by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilization. New Phytol. 108, 315–320. Rhodes, L. H. 1980. The use of mycorrhizae in crop production systems. Outlook on Agriculture, 10(6): 275-281. Rilling, M.C., Ramsey, P.W., Morris, S. and Paul, E.A., 2003. Glomalin, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal soil protein, responds to land use changes. Plant Soil, 253: 293-299. Rodriguez, H., Fraga, R., 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances, 17(4-5): 319-339. Ruiz-Lozano JM (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of osmotic stress. New perspectives for molecular studies. Mycorrhiza,13(6), 309-317. Saber, M.S.M., 2001.Clean Biotechnology forsustainable farming. Eng.Life Sci., 1, 217-223. Schenck, N. C., and Schroder, V. N., 1974. Temperature response of Endogone mycorrhiza on soybean roots. Mycologia,66: 600-6005. Schenck, N.C. 1991. Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research, APS Press, 244 p. Sieverding, E.1991. Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Management in Tropical Agrosystems. Technical Cooperation. Federal Rebpublic of Germany 372 pp. Siqueria, J.O., Safir, G.R. and Nair, M.G. 1991. Stimulation of Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation and Growth of White Clover by Flavonid Compounds. New Phytol., 118, p. 87 – 93. Smith SE, Read DJ, 2010. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, Academic press, p. Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition (Hardcover). Academic Pres is an imprint of Elsevier, NewYork, 800p. Smith, S.E., Read, D.J. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 2nd ed. Academic Press, London. 605 pp. Sönmez, F., Çığ, F.,Erman,M.,Tüfenkçi, Ş., 2013. Çinko,Tuz ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Mısırın Gelişimi ile P ve Zn Alımına Etkisi.Y.YÜ. Tar. Bil. Der.23(1):1–9 Tınker, P. B., 1975. The chemistry of phosphorous and effects on plant growth in Endomycorrhizas (Eds. Sanders, F.C., Mosse, B. and Tinker, P.B.). Academic Press, London. Tisdall, J.M. 1994. Possible Role of Soil Microorganisms in Aggregation in Soils. Plant and Soil, Vol: 159, No: 1 p. 115 – 123. Trappe, J. M., Molina, R. and Castellano, M., 1984. Reactions of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Mycorrhiza Formation to Pesticides. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 22: 331-59 Türkmen, Ö., Demir, S., Şensoy, S., Dursun, A. 2005. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and humic asid on the seedling development and nutrient content of pepper grown under saline soil conditions. Journal of Biological Sci. 5(5) : 568-574. Veeraswamy, J.,Padmavathi,T., Venkateswarlu,K., 1992.Interactioeffects oGlomus intraradicesand Azospirillum lipoferumonsorghum. I. J. Microbiol.32,305-30. Yıldız A, 2009. Mikoriza ve arbusküler mikoriza bitki sağlığı ilişkileri.
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 26.06.2019
Öz
Kaynakça
- Al-Karaki GN (2000). Growth of mycorrhizal tomato and mineral acquisition under salt stress. Mycorrhiza,10(2), 51-54. Al-Karaki, G.N., Hammad, D.R., Rusan, M., 2001. Response of two tomato cultivars differing in salt tolerance to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi under salt stres. Mycorrhiza 11: 41-47. Andrade, G., Mihara, K.L., Linderman R.G. and Bethelenfalvay, G.J. 1998. Soil aggregation statusand rhizobacteria in the mycorrhizosphere. Plant and Soil. 2002:89-96. Bagyaraj, D. J. 1991. Ecology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. In. Handbook of Applied Mycology, Soil and Plants, vol. 1, (Eds.) by D.K. Arora., B. R., K.G. Mukerji., and G. R. Knudsen. Marcel Dekker. USA. Bagyaraj, D., Sreeramula, K.R. 1982. Preinoculation with Vesicular ArbuscularMycorrhiza improves growth and yield of chilli transplanted in the field and saves phosphatic fertilizer. Plant and Soil 69: 375-381. Baltruschat, H. and Schönbeck, F. 1975. Studies on the Influence of Endotrophic Mycorrhiza on the Infection of Tobacco by Thielaviopsis basicolaPhytopath. Z., 84: 172 –178. Bellone,C.H., Bellone,S.C.,1995.Morphogenesis strawbery roots infected by Azospirillum brasilense and V.A. mycorrhiza.NATO ASI Ser. SerG.37,251-255. Bethlenfalvay, J. G 1992.Mycorhizae and Crop Productivity. Mycorhizae in Sustainable Agriculture. ASA Special Publication, Number 14, p: 1 - 27. Brundrett, M. 1991. Mycorrhizas in Naturel Ecosystem. Advanced in Ecological Research, Vol (21): 171 - 313. Caron, M. 1989. Potential use of mycorrhizae in control of soil-borne diseases. Canad J Plant Pathol 11:177–179. Çetinkaya, N., Dur., S., 2010. Mısır Vejetatif Gelişimi ve Verimi Üzerinde Bir Endomikorizal Preparatın Etkileri. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 47 (1): 53-59. Davies, F. T. J., Potter, J. R. Linderman, R. G., 1992, Mycorrhiza and repeated drought exposure effect drought resistance and extraradical hyphae 54development of pepper plants independent of independent of plant size and nutrient content. J. Plant Physiol 139: 289–294. Dehne, H.W., Schönbeck, F., Baltruschat, H. 1978. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Endotrophen Mycorrhiza auf Pflanzenkrankheiten. 3. Chitinase Aktivitat und Ornithin Zyklus (The influence Endotrophic Mycorrhiza on Plant Disease. 3. Chitinase - Activity and Ornithinecycle) Z. Pflkrankh. 85: 666 – 678. Demir S (1998) Bazı Kültür Bitkilerinde Vesiküler Arbüsküler Mikorrhiza Oluşumu ve Bunun Bitki Gelişimi ve Dayanıklılıktaki Rolü Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi. Demir, S. ve Onoğur, E.1999.Bitkilerde Vesiküler-Arbüsküler Mikoriza Oluşumunun Bitki Besleme ve Bitki Korumadaki Önemi. Anadolu Dergisi, 9(2), 12-32. Demir, S., Akköprü, A., 2007. Using of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) for Biocontrol of Soil-Borne Fungal Plant Pathogens. In: Biological Control of Plant Diseases.Eds.S.B. Chincholkar, K.G. Mukerji, Haworth Press, NY, USA, p:17-37. Dod, J.C., Krıkun, J., Hass, J. 1983. Relative Effectiveness indigenous populations of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from four sites in the stress ın the negev. Israil Journel of Botany 32: 10-21. Dodd, J.C., Jeffries, P., 1989. Effects of herbicides on three vesicular-arbuscular fungi associated with winter wheat (Riticum aestivumL.). Biol. Fertil. Soils,7: 113-119. Farahani HA, Lebaschi MH, Hamidi A (2008). Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and water stress on quantity and quality characteristics of coriander. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences,2(2), 55-60. Fitter, A.H., Garbaye, J. 1994. Interactions BetweenMycorrhizal Fungi and Other Soil Organism. Plant and Soil, Vol: 159, No: 1, p: 123 – 133. Fritz M, Jakobsen I, Lyngkjær MF, Thordal-Christensen H, Pons-Kühnemann J (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhiza reduces susceptibility of tomato to Alternaria solani. Mycorrhiza,16(6), 413-419. Gerdemann, J.W. 1968. Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorhiza and Plant Growth. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 6: 397 – 418. Harley, J. L., Smith, S. E., 1983, Mycorrhizal symbiyosis. Academic press. London UK. Harley, J.L. 1975. The Mycorhizal Associations. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol:17, p: 148 – 186. İkiz, Ö., 2003, Topraksız biber tarımında mikorizaların etkileri.Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi. Adana. Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D. D. Jr (eds.) 2000a. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. p: 47-68. Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D. D. Jr (eds.) 2000b. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. p: 85-106. Kara Ö. ve Tilki F.2001. Mikoriza ve Ormancılıkta Kullanımı. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri: B, Cilt: 51, Sayı: . 1. pp. 127-139. Kayış SU, 2014. Bazı mercimek (Lens culinaris Medic.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide döneminde tuza toleransı, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Keklikçi, Z., 2014. Bitkisel Üretim. %. Ulusal Çevre ve Ekoloji Öğrenci Kongresi 1-2 Mart 2014, Odtü KKM B Salonu. Ankara. Koide, R.T., 1991. Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol., 117: 365-386.24 Lambert, D.H., Baker, D.E. and Cole, H., 1979. The role of mycorrhizae in the interactions of phosphorus with zinc, copper and other elements. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43: 976-980. Linderman, R.G., 1996. Role of VAM fungi in Biocontrol. In: Mycorrhizae and Plant Health. Ed.Pfleger, F.L. and Linderman R.G. Symposium Series, APS Press, 1-25 p Maboko MM, Bertling I, Du Plooy CP (2013). Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Temperature Control on Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Content of Tomato Plants Grown Hydroponically. HortScience,48(12), 1470-1477. Marschner H, Dell B (1994). Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and soil,159(1), 89-102. Marschner, H. 1995. Mycorrhizas. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (Second Edition), Academic Press. p: 566 - 595. Matsubara, Y., Harada, T., Yakuwa, T., 1995, Effect of inokulum density of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal spores and addition of carbonized material to bed soil on growth of welshonion seedlings, journal of the Japanese society for horticultiral science 64(3): 549-554. Mohammed, A., B. Mıtra, A.G. Khan. 2004. Effects of sheared root inoculum of Glomus intraradiceson wheat grown at different phosphorous levels in the field. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v.103(1) p.245-249. Morandi, D. 1996. Occurrence of Phytoalexins and Phenolic Compounds in Endomycorrhizal Interactions and Their Potential Role in Biological Control. Plant and Soil, Vol: 185, No: 2, p: 241 – 251. Morandi, D., J.A. Bailey and P.A.Gianinazzi, 1984. Physiol. Pl. Pathol. 24,357-364. Moser, M., and Haselwandter, K. 1975. Ecophysiology of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology. Vol: 12, p:391 – 421. Mosse, B. 1973. Advances in the Study of Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorrhiza. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. , 11: 429 – 454. Muchovej, R. M., 2001. Importance of Mycorrhizae for Agricultural Crops. University of Florida, Extension Instude of Food Agricultural Sciences, SS-AGR-170. Ortaş, I,. P. J. Harris and D. L. Rowell. 1996. Enhanced uptake of phosphorus by mycorrhizal sorghum plants as influenced by forms of nitrogen. Plant and Soil. 184: 255-264. Ortaş, İ. 2002. Do Plants Depend on Mycorrhizae In Terms of Nutrient Requirement? International Conference On Sustainable Land Use And Management. Çanakkale. Ortaş,İ.,1997.Mikoriza nedir?TUBİTAK dergisi. Ankara Şubat.(351). Pfeiffer CM, Bloss HE (1988). Growth and nutition of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) in a saline soil as influenced by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilization. New Phytol. 108, 315–320. Rhodes, L. H. 1980. The use of mycorrhizae in crop production systems. Outlook on Agriculture, 10(6): 275-281. Rilling, M.C., Ramsey, P.W., Morris, S. and Paul, E.A., 2003. Glomalin, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal soil protein, responds to land use changes. Plant Soil, 253: 293-299. Rodriguez, H., Fraga, R., 1999. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnology Advances, 17(4-5): 319-339. Ruiz-Lozano JM (2003). Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of osmotic stress. New perspectives for molecular studies. Mycorrhiza,13(6), 309-317. Saber, M.S.M., 2001.Clean Biotechnology forsustainable farming. Eng.Life Sci., 1, 217-223. Schenck, N. C., and Schroder, V. N., 1974. Temperature response of Endogone mycorrhiza on soybean roots. Mycologia,66: 600-6005. Schenck, N.C. 1991. Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research, APS Press, 244 p. Sieverding, E.1991. Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Management in Tropical Agrosystems. Technical Cooperation. Federal Rebpublic of Germany 372 pp. Siqueria, J.O., Safir, G.R. and Nair, M.G. 1991. Stimulation of Vesicular - Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation and Growth of White Clover by Flavonid Compounds. New Phytol., 118, p. 87 – 93. Smith SE, Read DJ, 2010. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, Academic press, p. Smith, S. E., and D. J. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition (Hardcover). Academic Pres is an imprint of Elsevier, NewYork, 800p. Smith, S.E., Read, D.J. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis 2nd ed. Academic Press, London. 605 pp. Sönmez, F., Çığ, F.,Erman,M.,Tüfenkçi, Ş., 2013. Çinko,Tuz ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Mısırın Gelişimi ile P ve Zn Alımına Etkisi.Y.YÜ. Tar. Bil. Der.23(1):1–9 Tınker, P. B., 1975. The chemistry of phosphorous and effects on plant growth in Endomycorrhizas (Eds. Sanders, F.C., Mosse, B. and Tinker, P.B.). Academic Press, London. Tisdall, J.M. 1994. Possible Role of Soil Microorganisms in Aggregation in Soils. Plant and Soil, Vol: 159, No: 1 p. 115 – 123. Trappe, J. M., Molina, R. and Castellano, M., 1984. Reactions of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Mycorrhiza Formation to Pesticides. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 22: 331-59 Türkmen, Ö., Demir, S., Şensoy, S., Dursun, A. 2005. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and humic asid on the seedling development and nutrient content of pepper grown under saline soil conditions. Journal of Biological Sci. 5(5) : 568-574. Veeraswamy, J.,Padmavathi,T., Venkateswarlu,K., 1992.Interactioeffects oGlomus intraradicesand Azospirillum lipoferumonsorghum. I. J. Microbiol.32,305-30. Yıldız A, 2009. Mikoriza ve arbusküler mikoriza bitki sağlığı ilişkileri.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Haziran 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1 |
