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Effects of sewage sludge on the yield of plants in the rotation system of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 35 - 44, 01.03.2013

Öz

This research was carried to determine the effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield and yield components of plants under crop rotation system. The field experiments were conducted in the Bafra Plain, located in the north region of Turkey. In this research, the “wheat-white head cabbage-tomato” crop rotation systems have been examined and the same crop rotation has been repeated in two separate years and field trials have been established. Seven treatments were compared: a control without application of sludge nor nitrogen fertilization, a treatment without sludge, but nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, applied at before sowing of wheat and five treatments where, respectively 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 tons sludge ha-1. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. The results showed that all the yield components of wheat and yield of white head cabbage and tomato increased significantly with increasing rates of sewage sludge as compared to control. As a result, 20 t ha-1 of sewage sludge application could be recommended the suitable dose for the rotation of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato in soil and climatic conditions of Bafra Plain.

Kaynakça

  • Aggelides, S.M., Londra, P.A., 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil Bioresource Technology 71, 253-259.
  • Ailincăi, C., Jităreanu, G., Ailincăi, D., Balan, A., 2010. Influence of some organic residues on wheat and maize yield and eroded soil fertility. Cercetări agronomice in Moldova Vol. XLIII, No. 1 (141).
  • Akdeniz, H., Yılmaz, I., Bozkurt, M.A., Keskin, B., 2006. The effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen applications on grain sorghum grown (Sorghum vulgare L.) in Van-Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 15(1), 19-26.
  • Al Zoubi, M.M., Arslan, A., Abdelgawad, G., Pejon, N., Tabbaa, M., Jouzdan, O., 2008. The effect of sewage sludge on productivity of a crop rotation of wheat, maize and vetch) and heavy metals accumulation in soil and plant in Aleppo governorate. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences 3(4), 618-625.
  • Alcantara, S., Pérez, D.V., Almeida, R.A., Silva, G.M., Polidoro, J.C., Bettiol, W., 2009. Chemical changes and heavy metal partitioning in an oxisol cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.) after 5 years disposal of a domestic and an Industrial sewage sludge. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 203, 3-16.
  • Al–Mustafa, W.A., El–Shall, A.A., Abdallah, A.E., Modaihsh, A.S., 1995. Response of wheat to sewage sludge applied under two different moisture regimes. Experimental Agriculture 31, 355-9.
  • Angın, İ., Yağanoğlu, A.V., 2009. Application of sewage sludge as a soil physical and chemical amendment. Ekoloji 19(73), 39-47.
  • Angın, İ., Yağanoğlu, A.V. , 2011. Effects of sewage sludge application on some physical and chemical properties of a soil affected by wind erosion. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology 13, 757-768.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Evsel ve kentsel arıtma çamurlarının toprakta kullanılmasına dair yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete, 03 Ağustos 2010, Sayı: 27661.
  • Antolın, M.C., Pascual, I., Garcıa, C., Polo, A., Sanchez-Diaz, M., 2005. Growth, yield and solute content of barley in soils treated with sewage sludge under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research 94, 224-237.
  • Arcak, S., Türkmen, C., Karaca, A., Erdoğan, E., 2000. A Study on potential agricultural use of sewage sludge of Ankara wastewater treatment plant. Proceeding of International Symposium on Desertification, 13-17 June 2000, Konya.
  • Azam, F., Lodhi, A., 2001. Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to application of nitrogen fertilizer and sewage sludge. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, 1083-1086.
  • Barbarick, K.A., Ippolito, J.A., Westfall, D.G., 1998. Extractable trace elements in the soil profile after years of biosolids application. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, 801-805.
  • Benitez, E., Romero, M., Gomez, M., Gallardolaro, F., Nogales, R., 2001. Biosolid and biosolid ash as sources of heavy metals in plant-soil system. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 132, 75-87.
  • Bilgin, N., Eyüpoğlu, H., Üstün, H., 2004. İkinci kademe arıtım yapan kentsel nitelikli atıksu arıtma tesislerinden çıkan arıtma çamurlarının (biyokatıların) tarım alanlarında kullanılma olanakları. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü APK Dairesi Başkanlığı Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Araştırma Şube Müdürlüğü, Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Araştırma Sonuç Raporları 2003, Yayın No: 124, s.202-220, Ankara.
  • Bouzerzour, H., Tamrabet, L., Kribaa, M., 2002. Response of barley and oat to the wastewater irrigation and to the sludge amendment. In: the Proc. Int. Seminar: Biol. and Environ., p: 71. University Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
  • Bozkurt, M.A., Yarilgaç, T., 2003. The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 27, 285-292.
  • Bozkurt, M.A., Yılmaz, İ., Çimrin, K.M., 2001. Kentsel arıtma çamurunun kışlık arpada azot kaynağı olarak kullanılması. Ankara Üniver. Zir. Fak. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 105-110.
  • Brofas, G., Michopoulas, P., Alifragis, D., 2000. Sewage sludge as an amendment for calcareous bauxite mine spoils reclamation. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 811-816.
  • Casado-Vela, J., Sellés, S., Diaz-Crespo, C., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Mataix-Beneyto, J., Gomez, I., 2007. Effect of composted sewage sludge application to soil on sweet pepper crop (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) grown under two exploitation regimes. Waste Management 27, 1509-1518.
  • Casado-Vela, J., Sellés, S., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Bustamante, M.A., Mataix-Beneyto, J., Gomez, I., 2006. Evaluation of composted sewage sludge as nutritional source for horticultural soils. Waste Management 26, 946-952.
  • Chatha, T.H., Haya, R., Latif, I., 2002. Influence of sewage sludge and organic manures application on wheat yield and heavy metal availability. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, 79-81.
  • Cogger, C.G., Bary, A.I., Fransen, S.C., Sullivan, D.M., 2001. Seven years of biosolids versus inorganic nitrogen applications to tall fescue. Journal of Environmental Quality 30, 2188-2194.
  • Deniz, Y., Özdemir, O., 1980. Bafra ovası koşullarında beyaz baş lahananın ticaret gübreleri gereksinimi. Samsun Bölge TOPRAKSU Araş. Ens. Müd. Yay., Genel Yayın No: 8, Rapor Yayın No: 7, Samsun.
  • Dursan, A., Turkmen, O., Turan, M., Şensoy, S., Cirka, M., 2005. Effect of sewage sludge on seed emergence, development and mineral contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedling. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4, 299-304.
  • El Dawwey, G.M., 1993. Effectiveness of sewage sludges and basic slag wheat plants grown in sandy calcareous and loamy soils. Assuit Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24, 171-184.
  • El-Dewiny, C.Y., Moursy, Kh.S., El-Aila, H.I., 2006. Effect of organic matter on the release and availability of phosphorus and their effects on spinach and radish plants. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2(3), 103-108.
  • Elsokkary, I.H., Salam, A., 1998. Bioavailability and DTPA–extractability of soil heavy metals from successive sewage sludge treated calcareous soil. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 349-65.
  • González-Pérez, M., Martin-Neto, L., Colnago, L.A., Débora, M.B.P., Camargo, O.A., Berton, R., Wagner, B., 2006. Characterization of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge-amended oxisols by electron paramagnetic resonance. Soil & Tillage Research 91, 95-100.
  • Hao, X., Chang, C., 2003. Does long-term heavy cattle manure applications increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta? Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 94, 89-103.
  • Hernandez, T., Moreno, J.I., Costa, F., 1991. Influence of sewage sludge application on crop yields and heavy metal availability. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 37, 201-210.
  • Jamil, M., Qacim, M., Umar, M. ,2006. Utilization of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Applied Science 6, 531-535.
  • Jamil, M., Qasim, M., Umar, M., Rehman, K., 2004. Impact of organic wastes (sewage sludge) on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a calcareous soil. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 6(3), 465-467.
  • Jarausch-Wehrheim, B., Mocquot, B., Mench, M., 1999. Absorption and translocation of sludge-borne zinc in field-grown maize (Zea mays L.). European Journal Agronomy 11, 23–33.
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  • Kalembasa, D., 1996. The effects of vermicompost on the yield and chemical composition of tomato. Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych 437, 249-252.
  • Khan, M.A., Kazi, T.G., Ansari, R., Mujtaba, S.M., Khanzada, B., Khan, M.A., Shirazi, M.U., Mumtaz, S., 2007. Effects of un-treated sewage sludge on wheat yield, metal uptake by grain and accumulation in the soil. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(7), 2511-2517.
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Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 35 - 44, 01.03.2013

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aggelides, S.M., Londra, P.A., 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil Bioresource Technology 71, 253-259.
  • Ailincăi, C., Jităreanu, G., Ailincăi, D., Balan, A., 2010. Influence of some organic residues on wheat and maize yield and eroded soil fertility. Cercetări agronomice in Moldova Vol. XLIII, No. 1 (141).
  • Akdeniz, H., Yılmaz, I., Bozkurt, M.A., Keskin, B., 2006. The effects of sewage sludge and nitrogen applications on grain sorghum grown (Sorghum vulgare L.) in Van-Turkey. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 15(1), 19-26.
  • Al Zoubi, M.M., Arslan, A., Abdelgawad, G., Pejon, N., Tabbaa, M., Jouzdan, O., 2008. The effect of sewage sludge on productivity of a crop rotation of wheat, maize and vetch) and heavy metals accumulation in soil and plant in Aleppo governorate. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences 3(4), 618-625.
  • Alcantara, S., Pérez, D.V., Almeida, R.A., Silva, G.M., Polidoro, J.C., Bettiol, W., 2009. Chemical changes and heavy metal partitioning in an oxisol cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.) after 5 years disposal of a domestic and an Industrial sewage sludge. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 203, 3-16.
  • Al–Mustafa, W.A., El–Shall, A.A., Abdallah, A.E., Modaihsh, A.S., 1995. Response of wheat to sewage sludge applied under two different moisture regimes. Experimental Agriculture 31, 355-9.
  • Angın, İ., Yağanoğlu, A.V., 2009. Application of sewage sludge as a soil physical and chemical amendment. Ekoloji 19(73), 39-47.
  • Angın, İ., Yağanoğlu, A.V. , 2011. Effects of sewage sludge application on some physical and chemical properties of a soil affected by wind erosion. Journal of Agricultural Science Technology 13, 757-768.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Evsel ve kentsel arıtma çamurlarının toprakta kullanılmasına dair yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete, 03 Ağustos 2010, Sayı: 27661.
  • Antolın, M.C., Pascual, I., Garcıa, C., Polo, A., Sanchez-Diaz, M., 2005. Growth, yield and solute content of barley in soils treated with sewage sludge under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research 94, 224-237.
  • Arcak, S., Türkmen, C., Karaca, A., Erdoğan, E., 2000. A Study on potential agricultural use of sewage sludge of Ankara wastewater treatment plant. Proceeding of International Symposium on Desertification, 13-17 June 2000, Konya.
  • Azam, F., Lodhi, A., 2001. Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to application of nitrogen fertilizer and sewage sludge. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, 1083-1086.
  • Barbarick, K.A., Ippolito, J.A., Westfall, D.G., 1998. Extractable trace elements in the soil profile after years of biosolids application. Journal of Environmental Quality 27, 801-805.
  • Benitez, E., Romero, M., Gomez, M., Gallardolaro, F., Nogales, R., 2001. Biosolid and biosolid ash as sources of heavy metals in plant-soil system. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 132, 75-87.
  • Bilgin, N., Eyüpoğlu, H., Üstün, H., 2004. İkinci kademe arıtım yapan kentsel nitelikli atıksu arıtma tesislerinden çıkan arıtma çamurlarının (biyokatıların) tarım alanlarında kullanılma olanakları. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü APK Dairesi Başkanlığı Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Araştırma Şube Müdürlüğü, Toprak ve Su Kaynakları Araştırma Sonuç Raporları 2003, Yayın No: 124, s.202-220, Ankara.
  • Bouzerzour, H., Tamrabet, L., Kribaa, M., 2002. Response of barley and oat to the wastewater irrigation and to the sludge amendment. In: the Proc. Int. Seminar: Biol. and Environ., p: 71. University Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria.
  • Bozkurt, M.A., Yarilgaç, T., 2003. The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 27, 285-292.
  • Bozkurt, M.A., Yılmaz, İ., Çimrin, K.M., 2001. Kentsel arıtma çamurunun kışlık arpada azot kaynağı olarak kullanılması. Ankara Üniver. Zir. Fak. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 105-110.
  • Brofas, G., Michopoulas, P., Alifragis, D., 2000. Sewage sludge as an amendment for calcareous bauxite mine spoils reclamation. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 811-816.
  • Casado-Vela, J., Sellés, S., Diaz-Crespo, C., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Mataix-Beneyto, J., Gomez, I., 2007. Effect of composted sewage sludge application to soil on sweet pepper crop (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) grown under two exploitation regimes. Waste Management 27, 1509-1518.
  • Casado-Vela, J., Sellés, S., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Bustamante, M.A., Mataix-Beneyto, J., Gomez, I., 2006. Evaluation of composted sewage sludge as nutritional source for horticultural soils. Waste Management 26, 946-952.
  • Chatha, T.H., Haya, R., Latif, I., 2002. Influence of sewage sludge and organic manures application on wheat yield and heavy metal availability. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 1, 79-81.
  • Cogger, C.G., Bary, A.I., Fransen, S.C., Sullivan, D.M., 2001. Seven years of biosolids versus inorganic nitrogen applications to tall fescue. Journal of Environmental Quality 30, 2188-2194.
  • Deniz, Y., Özdemir, O., 1980. Bafra ovası koşullarında beyaz baş lahananın ticaret gübreleri gereksinimi. Samsun Bölge TOPRAKSU Araş. Ens. Müd. Yay., Genel Yayın No: 8, Rapor Yayın No: 7, Samsun.
  • Dursan, A., Turkmen, O., Turan, M., Şensoy, S., Cirka, M., 2005. Effect of sewage sludge on seed emergence, development and mineral contents of pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedling. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 4, 299-304.
  • El Dawwey, G.M., 1993. Effectiveness of sewage sludges and basic slag wheat plants grown in sandy calcareous and loamy soils. Assuit Journal of Agricultural Sciences 24, 171-184.
  • El-Dewiny, C.Y., Moursy, Kh.S., El-Aila, H.I., 2006. Effect of organic matter on the release and availability of phosphorus and their effects on spinach and radish plants. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 2(3), 103-108.
  • Elsokkary, I.H., Salam, A., 1998. Bioavailability and DTPA–extractability of soil heavy metals from successive sewage sludge treated calcareous soil. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 349-65.
  • González-Pérez, M., Martin-Neto, L., Colnago, L.A., Débora, M.B.P., Camargo, O.A., Berton, R., Wagner, B., 2006. Characterization of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge-amended oxisols by electron paramagnetic resonance. Soil & Tillage Research 91, 95-100.
  • Hao, X., Chang, C., 2003. Does long-term heavy cattle manure applications increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta? Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 94, 89-103.
  • Hernandez, T., Moreno, J.I., Costa, F., 1991. Influence of sewage sludge application on crop yields and heavy metal availability. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 37, 201-210.
  • Jamil, M., Qacim, M., Umar, M. ,2006. Utilization of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Applied Science 6, 531-535.
  • Jamil, M., Qasim, M., Umar, M., Rehman, K., 2004. Impact of organic wastes (sewage sludge) on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a calcareous soil. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 6(3), 465-467.
  • Jarausch-Wehrheim, B., Mocquot, B., Mench, M., 1999. Absorption and translocation of sludge-borne zinc in field-grown maize (Zea mays L.). European Journal Agronomy 11, 23–33.
  • Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, ISBN 978-605-395-036-3, Ankara.
  • Kalembasa, D., 1996. The effects of vermicompost on the yield and chemical composition of tomato. Zeszyty-Problemowe-Postepow-Nauk-Rolniczych 437, 249-252.
  • Khan, M.A., Kazi, T.G., Ansari, R., Mujtaba, S.M., Khanzada, B., Khan, M.A., Shirazi, M.U., Mumtaz, S., 2007. Effects of un-treated sewage sludge on wheat yield, metal uptake by grain and accumulation in the soil. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(7), 2511-2517.
  • Kün, E., 1983. Serin İklim Tahılları. Ankara Üniv. Zir. Fak. Yay., No: 875, Ankara.
  • Lerch, R.N., Barbarick, K.A., Westfall, D.G., Follett, R.H., McBride, T.M., Owen, W.F., 1990. Sustainable rates of sewage sludge for dryland winter wheat production, II. production and income. Reprinted from the Journal of Production Agriculture, Volume 3, no. 1, January-March 1990 677 South Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA.
  • Mamo, M., Rosen, C.J., Halbach, T.R., 1999. Nitrogen availability and leaching from soil amended with municipal solid waste compost. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, 1074.
  • McBride, M.B., 2003. Toxic Metals in sewage sludge amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risk. Advances in Environmental Research 8, 5-19.
  • McGrath, S.P., Zhao, F.J., Dunham, S.J., Crosland, A.R., Coleman, K., 2000. Long-term changes in extractability and bioavailability of zinc and cadmium after sludge application. Journal of Environmental Quality 29, 875–883.
  • Menelik, G., Reneau, R.B., Martens, Jr.D.C., Simpson, T.W., 1991. Yield and elemental composition of wheat grain as influenced by source and rate of nitrogen. Journal of Plant Nutrition 14(2), 205-217.
  • Mohammad, A.M., Battikhi, A.M., 1997. Effect of sewage sludge on some soil properties and barley plant in Muwagar area. Agricultural Sciences, 24(2), 204-216.
  • Mohammad, M.J., Athamneh, B.M., 2004. Changes in soil fertility and plant uptake of nutrients and heavy metals in response to sewage sludge application to calcareous soils. Journal of Agronomy 3,229-236.
  • Naggar, E.M., El-Ghamry, A.M., 2001. Comparison of sewage sludge and town refuse as soil conditioners for sandy soil reclamation. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, 775-778.
  • Navaro-Pedreno, J., Gomez, I., Moral, R., Mataix, J., Van-Cleemput, O., Hofman, G., Vermoesen, A., 1996. Nitrogen nutrition of tomato derived from the use of sewage sludge and almonds residue as fertilizers. Progress in nitrogen cycling studies: Proceedings of the 8th Nitrogen Workshop held at the University of Ghent, 5-8 September 1994, 243-246.
  • Önal, M.K., Topcuoğlu, B., Arı, N., 2003. Toprağa uygulanan kentsel arıtma çamurunun domates bitkisine etkisi. II. Gelişme ve Meyve Özellikleri İle Meyvede Mineral İçerikleri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 16(1), 97-106.
  • Özdemir, O., Güner, S., 1983a. Samsun yöresinde buğdayın azotlu ve fosforlu gübre isteği ile olsen fosfor analiz metodunun kalibrasyonu. T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı Köy Hiz. Gen. Müd. Samsun Bölge TOPRAKSU Araş. Ens. Müd. Yay., Genel Yayın No: 30, Rapor Yayın No: 25, Samsun.
  • Özdemir, O., Güner, S., 1983b. Bafra ve Çarşamba ovalarında domates ve biberin azotlu ve fosforlu gübre isteği. Samsun Bölge TOPRAKSU Araş. Ens. Müd. Yay., Genel Yayın No: 23, Rapor Yayın No: 19, Samsun.
  • Pedreno, J.N., Gomez, I., Moral, R., Mataix, J., 1996. Improving the agricultural value of a semi-arid soil by addition of sewage sludge and almond residue, utilisation of waste organic matter. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 58 (2-3), 115-119.
  • Perez-Espinosa, A., Moreno-Caselles, J., Moral, R., Perez-Murcia, M.D., Gomez, I., 1999. Effect of sewage sludge and cobalt treatments on tomato fruit yield of certain vegetables. Journal of Plant Nutrition 22(2), 379-385.
  • Petersen, S.O., Henriksen, K., Mortensen, G.K., Krogh, P.H., Brandt, K.K., Sorensen, J., Madsen, T., Petersen, J., Grøn, C., 2003. Recycling of sewage sludge and household compost to arable land: fate and effects of organic contaminants, and impact on soil fertility. Soil & Tillage Research 72, 139-152.
  • Sa´nchez-Monedero, M.A., Mondini, C., De Nobili, M., Leita, L., Roig, A., 2004. Land application of biosolids. Soil response to different stabilization degree of the treated organic matter. Waste Management 24, 325-332.
  • Sabey, B.R., Hart, W.E., 1975. Land application of sewage sludge: 1. Eff ect of growth and chemical composition of plants. Journal of Environmental Quality 4, 252-256.
  • Samaras, V., Tsadilas, C.D., Stamatiadis, S., 2008. Effects of repeated application of municipal sewage sludge on soil fertility, Cotton Yield, and Nitrate Leaching. Agronomy Journal 100 (3), 477-483.
  • Selivanovskaya, S.Y., Latypova, V.Z., Kiyamova, S.N., Alimova, F.K., 2001. Use of microbial parameters to access treatment methods of municipal sewage sludge applied to grey forest soils of Tataristan. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 86, 145-153.
  • Singh, C.P.J., Singh, S.S., 1999. Effect of urea and sludge based compost application on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Madras Agricultural Journal 86, 511-3.
  • Smith, S.R., 1996. Agricultural recycling of sewage sludge and the environment. p. 155–206. In Nutrients. CAB Int., Wallingford, UK.
  • Snyman, H.G., De Jong, J.M., Aveling, A.S., 1998. The stabilization of sewage sludge applied to agricultural land and the effects on maize seedlings. Water and Science Technology 38, 87-95.
  • Stamatiadis, S., Doran, J.W., Kettler, T., 1999. Field and laboratory evaluation of soil quality changes resulting from injection of liquid sewage sludge. Applied Soil Ecology 14, 263-272.
  • Şensoy, S., Türkmen, Ö., Çırka, M., 2000. Kentsel arıtma çamurunun biberde çıkış ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri. GAP Çevre Kongresi, 16-18 Ekim 2000, Şanlıurfa, s.209-214.
  • Tamrabet, L., Bouzerzour, H., Kribaa, M., Makhlouf, M., 2009. The effect of sewage sludge application on durum wheat (Triticum durum). Inernational Journal of Agriculture and Biology 11, 741–745.
  • Togay, N., Togay, Y., Doğan, Y., 2008. Effects of municipal sewage sludge doses on the yield, some yield components and heavy metal concentration of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). African Journal of Biotechnology 7(17), 3026-3030.
  • Topcuoğlu, B., Önal, M.K., Arı, N., 2001. Toprağa kentsel katı atık kompostu ve kentsel atıksu arıtma çamuru uygulamalarının sera domatesinde kuru madde miktarı ve bazı bitki besin içerikleri üzerine etkisi. GAP II. Tarım Kongresi, 24-26 Ekim, Şanlıurfa.
  • Tsadilas, C.D., Matsi, T., Barbayiannis, N., Dimoyiannis, D., 1995. The influence of sewage sludge application on soil properties and on the distribution and availability of heavy metal fractions. Communication Soil Science and Plant Analyses 26(15-16),2603-2619.
  • Ülgen, N., Yurtsever, N., 1995. Türkiye gübre ve gübreleme rehberi. Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Genel yayın No: 209, Teknik Yayınlar No: T.66, Ankara.
  • Wei, Y., Liu, Y., 2005. Effects of sewage sludge compost application on crops and cropland in a 3-year field study. Chemosphere 59:1257-1265.
  • Wild, S.R., Jones, K.C., 1991. Organic contaminants in wastewaters and sewage sludges: Transfer to the environment following disposal. In: Jones KC (ed), Organic Contaminants in the Environment – Environmental pathways & Effects. Elsevier, London, pp 133-158.
  • Yağmur, M., Kaydan, D., Arvas, Ö., 2005. Effects of sewage biosolid application on seed protein ratios, seed NP contents, some morphological and yield characters in lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). Research Journal of Agricluture and Biological Sciences 1(4), 308-314.
  • Yurtsever, N., 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metotları. Köy Hiz. Genel. Müd. Yay., Genel Yay. No: 121, Ankara, 623 s.
  • Zhang, H., Sun, L., Sun, T., Ma, G., 2007. Principal physicochemical properties of artificial soil composed of fly ash, sewage sludge and mine tailing, Buletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 79, 562-565.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Mehmet Arif Özyazıcı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özyazıcı, M. A. (2013). Effects of sewage sludge on the yield of plants in the rotation system of wheat-white head cabbage-tomato. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 2(1), 35-44.