Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4, 355 - 364, 05.10.2016

Ramazan Cetıntas Betul Cakmak

Öz

In 2009 and 2010, 107 samples of roots and associated soil were collected from vegetable-growing fields in Andırın, Narlı, Pazarcık and Türkoğlu of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Populations of root-knot nematode were found in tomatoes, eggplants and cucumbers and the species identified using isozymes analysis, mainly esterase resolved by PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and perineal patterns of nematode females. A single species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita was identified from the samples collected. Two esterase phenotypes, one with a single band (I1) and the other with double bands (I2) were found at proportions of 8.5 and 15.8% of total samples, respectively. About 24% of the fields were found to be infested

Anahtar Kelimeler

Esterase phenotypes identification Meloidogyne incognita perineal patterns

Kaynakça

  • Akyazı, F. & O. Ecevit, 2011. Identification and distribution root knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable fields in Tokat Province. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science, 26: 1-9.
  • Aydınlı, G. & S. Mennan, 2011. Atypical esterase phenotype from root-knot nematodes in vegetable greenhouse in Samsun. Proceeding of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 28-30 June 2011, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 236 pp.
  • Aydınlı, G. & S. Mennan, 2016. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from greenhouses in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, (Accepted paper) DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1508-19.
  • Aydınlı, G., S. Mennan, Z. Devran, S. Sirca & G. Urek, 2013. First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on tomato and cucumber in Turkey. Plant Diseases, 97: 1262.
  • Barker, K. R., R. S. Hussey, L. R. Krusberg, G. W. Bird, R. A. Dvnn, H. Ferris, V. R. Ferris, D. W. Freckman, C. J. Gabriel, P. S. Grewal, A. E. Macguidwin, D. L. Riddle, P. A. Roberts & D. P. Schmitt, 1994. Plant and soil nematodes: Societal impact and focus for the future. Journal of Nematology, 26: 127-137.
  • Brito, J. A., R. Kaur, R. Cetintas, J. D. Stanley, M. L. Mendes, E. J. McAvoy, T. O. Powers & D. W. Dickson. 2008. Identification and isozyme characterization of Meloidogyne spp. infecting horticultural and agronomic crops, and weed plants in Florida. Nematology, 10: 757-766.
  • Carneiro, R. M. D. G. & M. R. A. Almeida, 2001. Técnica de eletroforese usada no estudo de enzimas dos nematóides de galhas para identificação de espécies. Nematologia Brasileira, 25: 555-560.
  • Carneiro, R. M. D. G., M. S. Tigano, O. Randig, M. R. A. Almeida & J. L. Sarah, 2004. Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on coffee from Brazil, Central America and Hawaii. Nematology, 6: 287-298.
  • Castro, J. M. C., R. D. Lima, & R. M. D. G. Carneiro, 2003. Variabilidade isoenzimática de populações de Meloidogyne spp. provenientes de regiões Brasileiras produtoras de soja. Nematologia Brasileira, 27: 1-12.
  • Cetintas, R., R. D. Lima, M. L. Mendes, J. A. Brito & D. W. Dickson, 2003. Meloidogyne javanica on peanut in Florida. Journal of Nematology, 35 (4): 433-436.
  • Cofcewicz, E. T., R. M. D. G. Carneiro, P. Castagnone-Sereno & P. Quénéhervé, 2004. Enzyme phenotypes and genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes parasitizing Musa in Brazil. Nematology, 6: 85-95.
  • Cofcewicz, E. T., R. M. D. G. Carneiro, O. Randig, C. Chabrier, & P. Quénéhervé, 2005. Diversity of Meloidogyne spp. on Musa in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana. Journal of Nematology, 37: 313-322.
  • Coyne, D. L., H. H. Fourie & M. Moens, 2009. “Current and future management strategies in resource-poor farming, 444-475”. In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens & J. L. Starr). 1st Ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 520 pp.
  • Çetintas, R. & B. Çakmak, 2011. Diagnosis of Meloidogyne species found on tomatoes, eggplants and cucumbers grown in Kahramanmaraş province by PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Elektrophoresis) and perineal patterns. Proceeding of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 28-30 June 2011, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 48.
  • Devran, Z. N. Mutlu, A. Özarslandan & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2009. Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in potato production areas of Turkey. Nematropica 39: 75-83.
  • Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2009. Distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from Turkey. Journal of Nematology, 41: 128-133.
  • Dickson, D. W., J. N. Sasser & D. Huisingh, 1970. Comparative disc-electrophoretic protein analyses of selected Meloidogyne, Ditylenchus, Heterodera and Aphelenchus spp. Journal of Nematology, 2 (4): 286-293.
  • Di Vito, M., N. Greco, G. Oreste, M.C. Saxena, K. B Singh & I. Kusmenoglu, 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes of legumes in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 245-251.
  • Eisenback, J. D., H. Hirschmann & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1980. Morphological comparison of Meloidogyne female head structures, perineal patterns, and stylets. Journal of Nematology, 12: 300-313.
  • Eisenback, J. D., H. Hirschmann, J. N. Sasser & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1981. A Guide to the Four Most Common Species of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species) with A Pictorial Key. North Carolina, USA: A cooperative Publication of the Departments of Plant Pathology and Genetics, North Carolina State University and the United States Agency for International Development, Raleigh, 48 pp.
  • Elekçioğlu, I. H. & N. Uygun, 1994. Occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in cash crop in eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological. Union-Kuşadası-Aydın-Türkiye. 409-410.
  • Esbenshade, P. R. & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1985. Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Journal of Nematology, 17: 6-20.
  • Fargette, M., 1987. Use of the esterase phenotype in the taxonomy of the genus Meloidogyne. 1. Stability of the esterase phenotype. Revue Nématologie, 10: 39-43.
  • Gheysen, G., W. Van Der Eycken, N. Barthels,. M. Karimi, & M. Van Montagu, 1996. The exploitation of nematode- responsive plant genes in novel nematod control methods. Pesticide Science, 47: 95-101.
  • Harris, H. & D. A. Hopkinson, 1976. Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. New York: North-Holland Publications, 92 pp.
  • Hartman, K. M. & J. N. Sasser. 1985. “Identification of Meloidogyne Species on the Basis of Different Host Test and Perineal Pattern Morphoplogy, 69-77”. An Advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. 2. Methodology, (Eds. K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter & J. N. Sasser) North Carolina State University Graphics. Raleigh, North Carolina, 223 pp.
  • Hernandez, A., M. Fargette & J. L. Sarah, 2004. Characterisation of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from coffee plantations in Central America and Brazil. Nematology, 6: 193-204.
  • Hunt, D. J. & Z. A. Handoo. 2009. “Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species, 55-97”. Root-knot Nematodes, (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens & J. L. Starr). 1st Ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 97 pp.
  • Janssen, T., G. Karssen, M. Verhaeven, D. Coyne & W. Bert, 2016. Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidoyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of reticulate evolution. Scientific Reports, 6: 22591; DOI 10.1038/srep22591.
  • Jepson, S. B., 1987. Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species). CAB International Institute of Parasitology. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 265 pp.
  • Johnson, A. W. & G. Fassuliotis, 1984. “Nematodes Parasites of Vegetable Crops, 323-372”. In: Plant and Insect Nematodes (Ed. W. R. Nickle) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA, 713 pp.
  • Kaşkavalcı, G. & C. Öncüer, 1999. Investigations on distribution and economic importance of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) species found in the major areas of hot climate vegetables in Aydın province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 23 (2): 149-160.
  • Kepenekci İ., E. Evlice & G. Öztürk, 2014. Taxonomic characteristics of Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi which is a new root-knot nematodes for Turkey and other root-knot nematode species. Turkish Bulletin of Entomology, 54: 1-9.
  • Mai, W. F., 1985. “Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Their Threat to The Agriculture, 1-17”. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. I. Biology and Control (Eds. J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, 422 pp.
  • Mennan, S., G. Aydınlı & T. Katı, 2011. First report of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) infecting parsley in Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology, 159: 694-696.
  • Netscher, C. & R. A. Sikora, 1990. “Nematode Parasites on Vegetables, 237-283”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International Institute of Parasitology, Wallingford, 817 pp.
  • Özarslandan, A. & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2010. Identification of the Root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) collected from different parts of Turkey by moleculer and morphological methods. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 34: 323-335.
  • Özarslandan, A., Z. Devran, N. Mutlu & I. H. Elekcioğlu, 2009. First report of Columbia Root-Knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato in Turkey. Plant Disease, 93: 316.
  • Pais, C. S. & I. M. O. Abrantes, 1989. Esterase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes in Portuguese populations of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology, 21: 342-346.
  • Rammah, A. & H. Hirschmann, 1990. Morphological comparison of three host races of Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Nematology, 22: 56–68.
  • Roberts, P. A., 1992. Current status of the availability, development, and use of host plant resistance to nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 24 (2): 213-227.
  • Sasser, J. N. & C. C. Carter, 1985. “Overview of the international Meloidogyne project 1975-1984, 19-24”. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. I. Biology and Control (Eds. J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, 422 pp.
  • Sasser J. N. A., 1987. Perspective on Nematode Problems Worldwide, 1–12”. Nematode Parasitic to Cereals and Legumes in Temperate Semi-Arid Regions (Eds. M. C. Saxena, R. A. Sikora & J. P. Sarivastava). Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Larnaca, Cyprus, 222 pp.
  • Sijmons, P. C., H. J. Atkinson & U. Wyss, 1994. Parasitic strategies of root nematodes and associated host cell responses. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32: 235-259.
  • Söğüt, M. A & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2000. Determination of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 24: 33-40.
  • Taylor, D. P. & C. C. Netscher, 1974. An improved technique for preparing perineal patterns of Meloidogyne spp. Nematologica, 20: 268-269.
  • Taylor, A. l. & J. N. Sasser, 1978. Identification and Control of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, North Carolina State University and U.S. Agency International Development. Raliegh, N.C. 111 pp.
  • Tytgat, T. J. D. Meutter, G. Gheysen & A. Coomans, 2000. Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes as a model for other plant parasitic nematodes. Nematology, 2(1): 113-121.
  • Young, L. D., 1992. Problems and strategies associated with long-term use of nematod resistant cultivars. Journal of Nematology, 24 (2): 228-233.
  • Yüksel, H., 1974. Kök-ur nematodlarının (Meloidogyne spp.) Türkiye’deki durumu ve bunların populasyon problemleri üzerinde düşünceler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ziraat Dergisi, 5 (1): 83-105.
  • Zijlstra, C., D. T. H. M. Donkers-Venne & M. Fargette, 2000. Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays. Nematology, 2: 847-853.

Kahramanmaraş bölgesinde tarımı yapılan domates, hıyar ve patlıcan bitkilerinde mevcut Meloidogyne türleri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4, 355 - 364, 05.10.2016

Ramazan Cetıntas Betul Cakmak

Öz

Kahramanmaraş’ın Andırın, Narlı, Pazarcık ve Türkoğlu bölgelerinden 2009-2010 yıllarında sebze alanlarından toplam 107 topraklı bitki kök örneği toplanmıştır. Domates, patlıcan ve hıyar bitkilerinden elde edilen nematodlar PAGE (Poliakrilamid Jel Elektroforez) belirlenen esteraz enzim fenotipleri ve perineal (anal)  kesit yöntemi ile tür teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Örneklerde mevcut olan nematodların Meloidogyne incognita tek türüne ait olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu nematoda ait tek ve çift bantlı olmak üzere iki ayrı esteraz fenotipi olan I1 ve I2 belirlenmiş olup, bunların tüm örnekler içinde sırası ile %8.5 ve 15.8 oranında olduğu görülmüştür. Örneklenen tüm Kahramanmaraş bölgesindeki sebze alanlarının yaklaşık % 24’ünün ilgili kök-ur nematodu ile bulaşık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Esteraz fenotipleri teşhis Meloidogyne incognita anal kesit

Kaynakça

  • Akyazı, F. & O. Ecevit, 2011. Identification and distribution root knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable fields in Tokat Province. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science, 26: 1-9.
  • Aydınlı, G. & S. Mennan, 2011. Atypical esterase phenotype from root-knot nematodes in vegetable greenhouse in Samsun. Proceeding of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 28-30 June 2011, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 236 pp.
  • Aydınlı, G. & S. Mennan, 2016. Identification of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from greenhouses in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, (Accepted paper) DOI: 10.3906/zoo-1508-19.
  • Aydınlı, G., S. Mennan, Z. Devran, S. Sirca & G. Urek, 2013. First report of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on tomato and cucumber in Turkey. Plant Diseases, 97: 1262.
  • Barker, K. R., R. S. Hussey, L. R. Krusberg, G. W. Bird, R. A. Dvnn, H. Ferris, V. R. Ferris, D. W. Freckman, C. J. Gabriel, P. S. Grewal, A. E. Macguidwin, D. L. Riddle, P. A. Roberts & D. P. Schmitt, 1994. Plant and soil nematodes: Societal impact and focus for the future. Journal of Nematology, 26: 127-137.
  • Brito, J. A., R. Kaur, R. Cetintas, J. D. Stanley, M. L. Mendes, E. J. McAvoy, T. O. Powers & D. W. Dickson. 2008. Identification and isozyme characterization of Meloidogyne spp. infecting horticultural and agronomic crops, and weed plants in Florida. Nematology, 10: 757-766.
  • Carneiro, R. M. D. G. & M. R. A. Almeida, 2001. Técnica de eletroforese usada no estudo de enzimas dos nematóides de galhas para identificação de espécies. Nematologia Brasileira, 25: 555-560.
  • Carneiro, R. M. D. G., M. S. Tigano, O. Randig, M. R. A. Almeida & J. L. Sarah, 2004. Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on coffee from Brazil, Central America and Hawaii. Nematology, 6: 287-298.
  • Castro, J. M. C., R. D. Lima, & R. M. D. G. Carneiro, 2003. Variabilidade isoenzimática de populações de Meloidogyne spp. provenientes de regiões Brasileiras produtoras de soja. Nematologia Brasileira, 27: 1-12.
  • Cetintas, R., R. D. Lima, M. L. Mendes, J. A. Brito & D. W. Dickson, 2003. Meloidogyne javanica on peanut in Florida. Journal of Nematology, 35 (4): 433-436.
  • Cofcewicz, E. T., R. M. D. G. Carneiro, P. Castagnone-Sereno & P. Quénéhervé, 2004. Enzyme phenotypes and genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes parasitizing Musa in Brazil. Nematology, 6: 85-95.
  • Cofcewicz, E. T., R. M. D. G. Carneiro, O. Randig, C. Chabrier, & P. Quénéhervé, 2005. Diversity of Meloidogyne spp. on Musa in Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana. Journal of Nematology, 37: 313-322.
  • Coyne, D. L., H. H. Fourie & M. Moens, 2009. “Current and future management strategies in resource-poor farming, 444-475”. In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens & J. L. Starr). 1st Ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 520 pp.
  • Çetintas, R. & B. Çakmak, 2011. Diagnosis of Meloidogyne species found on tomatoes, eggplants and cucumbers grown in Kahramanmaraş province by PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Elektrophoresis) and perineal patterns. Proceeding of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, 28-30 June 2011, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, 48.
  • Devran, Z. N. Mutlu, A. Özarslandan & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2009. Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne chitwoodi in potato production areas of Turkey. Nematropica 39: 75-83.
  • Devran, Z. & M. A. Söğüt, 2009. Distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from Turkey. Journal of Nematology, 41: 128-133.
  • Dickson, D. W., J. N. Sasser & D. Huisingh, 1970. Comparative disc-electrophoretic protein analyses of selected Meloidogyne, Ditylenchus, Heterodera and Aphelenchus spp. Journal of Nematology, 2 (4): 286-293.
  • Di Vito, M., N. Greco, G. Oreste, M.C. Saxena, K. B Singh & I. Kusmenoglu, 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes of legumes in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 245-251.
  • Eisenback, J. D., H. Hirschmann & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1980. Morphological comparison of Meloidogyne female head structures, perineal patterns, and stylets. Journal of Nematology, 12: 300-313.
  • Eisenback, J. D., H. Hirschmann, J. N. Sasser & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1981. A Guide to the Four Most Common Species of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species) with A Pictorial Key. North Carolina, USA: A cooperative Publication of the Departments of Plant Pathology and Genetics, North Carolina State University and the United States Agency for International Development, Raleigh, 48 pp.
  • Elekçioğlu, I. H. & N. Uygun, 1994. Occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in cash crop in eastern Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological. Union-Kuşadası-Aydın-Türkiye. 409-410.
  • Esbenshade, P. R. & A. C. Triantaphyllou, 1985. Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Journal of Nematology, 17: 6-20.
  • Fargette, M., 1987. Use of the esterase phenotype in the taxonomy of the genus Meloidogyne. 1. Stability of the esterase phenotype. Revue Nématologie, 10: 39-43.
  • Gheysen, G., W. Van Der Eycken, N. Barthels,. M. Karimi, & M. Van Montagu, 1996. The exploitation of nematode- responsive plant genes in novel nematod control methods. Pesticide Science, 47: 95-101.
  • Harris, H. & D. A. Hopkinson, 1976. Handbook of Enzyme Electrophoresis in Human Genetics. New York: North-Holland Publications, 92 pp.
  • Hartman, K. M. & J. N. Sasser. 1985. “Identification of Meloidogyne Species on the Basis of Different Host Test and Perineal Pattern Morphoplogy, 69-77”. An Advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. 2. Methodology, (Eds. K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter & J. N. Sasser) North Carolina State University Graphics. Raleigh, North Carolina, 223 pp.
  • Hernandez, A., M. Fargette & J. L. Sarah, 2004. Characterisation of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) from coffee plantations in Central America and Brazil. Nematology, 6: 193-204.
  • Hunt, D. J. & Z. A. Handoo. 2009. “Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species, 55-97”. Root-knot Nematodes, (Eds. R. N. Perry, M. Moens & J. L. Starr). 1st Ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 97 pp.
  • Janssen, T., G. Karssen, M. Verhaeven, D. Coyne & W. Bert, 2016. Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidoyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of reticulate evolution. Scientific Reports, 6: 22591; DOI 10.1038/srep22591.
  • Jepson, S. B., 1987. Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne species). CAB International Institute of Parasitology. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 265 pp.
  • Johnson, A. W. & G. Fassuliotis, 1984. “Nematodes Parasites of Vegetable Crops, 323-372”. In: Plant and Insect Nematodes (Ed. W. R. Nickle) Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, USA, 713 pp.
  • Kaşkavalcı, G. & C. Öncüer, 1999. Investigations on distribution and economic importance of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1887 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) species found in the major areas of hot climate vegetables in Aydın province. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 23 (2): 149-160.
  • Kepenekci İ., E. Evlice & G. Öztürk, 2014. Taxonomic characteristics of Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi which is a new root-knot nematodes for Turkey and other root-knot nematode species. Turkish Bulletin of Entomology, 54: 1-9.
  • Mai, W. F., 1985. “Plant Parasitic Nematodes: Their Threat to The Agriculture, 1-17”. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. I. Biology and Control (Eds. J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, 422 pp.
  • Mennan, S., G. Aydınlı & T. Katı, 2011. First report of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) infecting parsley in Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology, 159: 694-696.
  • Netscher, C. & R. A. Sikora, 1990. “Nematode Parasites on Vegetables, 237-283”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds: M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International Institute of Parasitology, Wallingford, 817 pp.
  • Özarslandan, A. & İ. H. Elekçioğlu, 2010. Identification of the Root-knot nematode species (Meloidogyne spp.) (Nemata: Meloidogynidae) collected from different parts of Turkey by moleculer and morphological methods. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 34: 323-335.
  • Özarslandan, A., Z. Devran, N. Mutlu & I. H. Elekcioğlu, 2009. First report of Columbia Root-Knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) in potato in Turkey. Plant Disease, 93: 316.
  • Pais, C. S. & I. M. O. Abrantes, 1989. Esterase and malate dehydrogenase phenotypes in Portuguese populations of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology, 21: 342-346.
  • Rammah, A. & H. Hirschmann, 1990. Morphological comparison of three host races of Meloidogyne javanica. Journal of Nematology, 22: 56–68.
  • Roberts, P. A., 1992. Current status of the availability, development, and use of host plant resistance to nematodes. Journal of Nematology, 24 (2): 213-227.
  • Sasser, J. N. & C. C. Carter, 1985. “Overview of the international Meloidogyne project 1975-1984, 19-24”. In: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Vol. I. Biology and Control (Eds. J. N. Sasser & C. C. Carter). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina, 422 pp.
  • Sasser J. N. A., 1987. Perspective on Nematode Problems Worldwide, 1–12”. Nematode Parasitic to Cereals and Legumes in Temperate Semi-Arid Regions (Eds. M. C. Saxena, R. A. Sikora & J. P. Sarivastava). Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Larnaca, Cyprus, 222 pp.
  • Sijmons, P. C., H. J. Atkinson & U. Wyss, 1994. Parasitic strategies of root nematodes and associated host cell responses. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32: 235-259.
  • Söğüt, M. A & I. H. Elekçioğlu, 2000. Determination of Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Nemata: Heteroderidae) species races found in vegetable growing areas of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 24: 33-40.
  • Taylor, D. P. & C. C. Netscher, 1974. An improved technique for preparing perineal patterns of Meloidogyne spp. Nematologica, 20: 268-269.
  • Taylor, A. l. & J. N. Sasser, 1978. Identification and Control of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, North Carolina State University and U.S. Agency International Development. Raliegh, N.C. 111 pp.
  • Tytgat, T. J. D. Meutter, G. Gheysen & A. Coomans, 2000. Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes as a model for other plant parasitic nematodes. Nematology, 2(1): 113-121.
  • Young, L. D., 1992. Problems and strategies associated with long-term use of nematod resistant cultivars. Journal of Nematology, 24 (2): 228-233.
  • Yüksel, H., 1974. Kök-ur nematodlarının (Meloidogyne spp.) Türkiye’deki durumu ve bunların populasyon problemleri üzerinde düşünceler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Ziraat Dergisi, 5 (1): 83-105.
  • Zijlstra, C., D. T. H. M. Donkers-Venne & M. Fargette, 2000. Identification of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria using sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) based PCR assays. Nematology, 2: 847-853.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ramazan Cetıntas

Betul Cakmak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Ekim 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Nisan 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Cetıntas, R., & Cakmak, B. (2016). Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40(4), 355-364.
AMA Cetıntas R, Cakmak B. Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. TED. Ekim 2016;40(4):355-364.
Chicago Cetıntas, Ramazan, ve Betul Cakmak. “Meloidogyne Species Infesting Tomatoes, Cucumbers and Eggplants Grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40, sy. 4 (Ekim 2016): 355-64.
EndNote Cetıntas R, Cakmak B (01 Ekim 2016) Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40 4 355–364.
IEEE R. Cetıntas ve B. Cakmak, “Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey”, TED, c. 40, sy. 4, ss. 355–364, 2016.
ISNAD Cetıntas, Ramazan - Cakmak, Betul. “Meloidogyne Species Infesting Tomatoes, Cucumbers and Eggplants Grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40/4 (Ekim 2016), 355-364.
JAMA Cetıntas R, Cakmak B. Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. TED. 2016;40:355–364.
MLA Cetıntas, Ramazan ve Betul Cakmak. “Meloidogyne Species Infesting Tomatoes, Cucumbers and Eggplants Grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 40, sy. 4, 2016, ss. 355-64.
Vancouver Cetıntas R, Cakmak B. Meloidogyne species infesting tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplants grown in Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. TED. 2016;40(4):355-64.
 Kapak Resmi İndir