Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey

Tohid Behmand; Naime Zülal Elekcioğlu; Jens Berger; Canan Can; İbrahim Halil Elekcioğlu

doi:10.16970/entoted.578081

Araştırma Makalesi

Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4, 357 - 366, 01.12.2019

Tohid Behmand Naime Zülal Elekcioğlu Jens Berger Canan Can İbrahim Halil Elekcioğlu

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.578081

Cited By: 9

Öz

A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea was conducted in the chickpea growing areas of Turkey including 37 districts in 17 provinces during spring and summer of 2014-2016. A total of 211 soil and root samples were collected. Nematodes were extracted from soil by different extraction methods to ensure all kinds of nematode groups. Nematodes were identified using morphological and morphometric features. In addition, Pratylenchus spp. Filipjev, 1936 were determined using species-specific primers. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857), Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) and Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 were the most common of the plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in the areas surveyed. Pratylenchusneglectus, P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) and P. thornei were present in almost all samples. In descending order, P. thornei, P. neglectus and D. dipsaci were detected in 179, 138 and 95 in samples (84, 65 and 45% of samples, respectively). Other nematodes found at lower frequency were species of Aphelenchus Bastian, 1965, Criconemoides Taylor, 1936, Dorylaimida species, Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945, Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970, Paratrophurus Arias, 1970, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922, Trophurus Loof, 1957, Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1930, Tylenchus Bastian, 1865 and Xiphinema Cobb, 1913.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chickpea, plant parasitic nematodes, molecular identification

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was financially supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) as part of the Australian Coordinated Chickpea Improvement Program (ACCIP)

Proje Numarası

00185

Kaynakça

Al-Banna, L., A. T. Ploeg, V. M. Williamson & I. Kaloshian, 2004. Discrimination of six Pratylenchus species using PCR and species- specific primers. Journal of Nematology, 36: 142-146.
Barker, K. R. & J. P. Noe, 1987. Establishing and using threshold population levels. Vistas on Nematology, 75-81.
Behmand, T., 2018. Screening of chickpea genotypes collected from Turkey against to the root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei and Ditylenchus dipsaci for resistance. Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Adana, Turkey, 163 pp.
Bora, T. & İ. Karaca, 1970. Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167, E.Ü. Matbaası, Bornova-İzmir, 8s.
Castillo, P., A. Gomez-Barcina & R. M. Jimenez-Diaz, 1996. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in southern Spain and effect of soil temperature on reproduction of Pratylenchus thornei. Nematologica, 42 (2): 211-219.
Castillo, P. & N. Vovlas, 2007. “Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management, 305-324”. In: Biology and Ecology of Pratylenchus (Eds. D. J. Hunt & R. N. Perry). Nematology Monographs Perspectives 6, Brill, Leden-Boston, MA, 529 pp.
Castillo, P., N. Vovlas & R. M. Jimenez-Diaz, 1998. Pathogenicity and histopathology of Pratylenchus thornei populations on selected chickpea genotypes. Plant Pathology, 47: 370-376.
Chattopadhyay, C. & S. D. Mohapatra, 2015. Perception of constraints in chickpea production in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85: 287-289.
Chitwood, D. J. & L. R. Krusberg, 1977. Pectolytic enzymes in three populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Nematology, 9: 187-192.
Coolen, W. A., 1979. “Methods for the Extraction of Meloidogyne spp. and Other Nematodes from Roots and Soil, 317-329". In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology and Control (Eds. F. Lamberti & C. E. Taylor). Academic Press, London, 802 pp.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco, H. M. Haula Mabsout, M. Labdi, S. P. S. Beniwal, M. C. Saxena, K. B. Singh & M. B. Solh, 1994. Nematodes of winter season legumes in North Africa. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 3-10.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco, G. Ores, M. C. Saxena, K. B. Singh & I. Kusmenoglu, 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes of legumes in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 245-251.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco & M. C. Saxena, 1992. Patogenicity of Pratylenchus thornei on chickpea in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 20: 71-73.
FAO, 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Data. (Web page: www.fao.org/faostat/en) (Date accessed: 02.11.2017).
Ghosh, R., M. Sharma, R. Telangre & S. Pande, 2013. Occurrence and distribution of chickpea diseases in central and southern parts of India. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4: 940-944.
GRDC, 2015. Tips and tactics: Root lesion nematodes Western region. (Web page: grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/all-publications/factsheets/2015/03/tt-rootlesionnematodes) (Date accessed: 03.03.2015).
Greco, N., 1985. “Nematodes of faba beans, chickpeas, and lentils in the Mediterranean region and their control, 179-187”. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Faba Beans, Kabuli Chickpeas, and Lentils in the 1980s (Eds. M. C. Saxena & S. Varma), (16-20 May 1983, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria), 457 pp.
Greco, N. & M. Di Vito, 1988. “The importance of plant parasitic nematodes in food legume production in the Mediterranean region, 28-45”. In: Proceedings of Workshop on nematodes Parasitic to Cereals and Legumes in Temperate Semi-arid Regions (1-5 March 1987, Larnaca, Cyprus), 217 pp.
Greco, N., M. Di Vito, M. V. Reddy & M. C. Saxena, 1984. A preliminary report of the survey of plant parasitic nematodes of leguminous crops in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 12: 87-93.
Greco, N., M. Di Vito & C. Saxena, 1992. Plant parasitic nematodes of cool season food legumes in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 20: 37-46.
Greco, N. & S. B. Sharma, 1990. “Progress and problems in the management of nematode diseases, 135-137”. In: Chickpea in the Ninetie, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement (4-8 December 1989, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India) (Eds. H. A. van Rheenen, M. C. Saxena, B. J. Walby & S.D. Hall), 403 pp.
Handoo, Z. A. & M. A. Golden, 1989. A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (lesion nematodes). Journal of Nematology, 21: 202-218.
Hollaway, G. J., P. T Sharyn, F. E Russeli & H. H Colleen, 2000. Effect of field crops on density of Pratylenchus in South Eastern Australia; Part 2: P. thornei. Journal of Nematology, 32 (4S): 600-608.
Hollaway, G. J., V. A. Vanstone, J. Nobbs, J. G. Smith & J. S. Brown, 2008. Pathogenic nematodes of cereal crops in south-west Victoria, Australia. Australia Plant Pathology, 37: 505-510.
Hooper, D. J., 1986. “Extraction of Free-Living Stages from Soil, 5-30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed. J. F. Southey), CAB International, London, UK, 629 pp.
Imren, M., L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene, H. Toktay, A. Dababat & I. H. Elekcioğlu, 2012.Molecular characterization of cereal cyst nematodes from South Anatolian Region in Turkey using ITS-rDNA sequences. Turkish Journal of Entomology 36 (4): 491-499.
Jatala, P. & J. Bridge, 1990. “Nematode Parasites of Root and Tuber Crops,137-180”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 221 pp.
Jenkins, W. R., 1964. A rapid centrifugal-flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Reports, 48: 692.
Loof, P. A. A., 1991. “The Family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949, 363-421”. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Ed. W. R. Nickle). Marcel Dekker, New York NY, USA, 503 pp.
Orion, D., J. Krikun & J. Amir, 1982. “Population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei and its effect on wheat in a semi-arid region, 48”. Abstracts of the 16th International Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists (30 August- 3 September 1982, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK), 160 pp.
Pulse Australia, 2013. Northern chickpea best management practices training course manual 2013. Pulse.
Riley, I. T. & S. J. Kelly, 2002. Endoparasitic nematodes in cropping soils of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 42: 49-56.
Riley, I. T. & W. M. Wouts, 2001. Pratylenchus and Radopholus species in agricultural soils and native vegetation in southern Australia. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 125: 147-153.
Rubiales, D., S. Fondevilla, W. Chen, L. Gentzbittel, T. J. Higgins, M. A. Castillejo & N. Rispail, 2015. Achievements and challenges in legume breeding for pest and disease resistance. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 34: 195-236.
Seinhorst, W., 1959. A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica: 4: 67-69.
Sharma, S. B., D. H. Smith & D. I. McDonald, 1992. Nematode constraints of chickpea and pigeon pea production in the semi-arid tropics. Plant Disease, 76 (9): 868-874.
Sikora, A. & N. Greco, 1990. “Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes, 181-235”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 261 pp.
Singh, M. & S. B. Sharma, 1994. Temperature effects on development and reproduction of Heterodera cajani on pigeon pea. Journal of Nematology, 26: 241-248.
Subbotin, S. A., E. J. Ragsdale, T. Mullens, P. A. Roberts, M. Mundo-Ocampo & J. G. Baldwin, 2008. A phylogenetic framework for root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda): evidence from 18s and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28s ribosomal RNA genes and morphological characters. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48: 491-505.
Sudupak, A., M. S. Akkaya & A. Kence, 2002. Analysis of genetic relationships among perennial and annual Cicer species growing in Turkey using RAPD markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 105: 1220-1228.
Thompson, J. P., T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy, 2010. Occurrence of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus) and stunt nematode (Merlinius brevidens) in the northern grain region of Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39: 254-264.
Toktay, H., L. McIntyre, J. M. Nicol, H. Ozkan & H. I. Elekcioglu, 2006. Identification of common root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher et Allen) loci in bread wheat. Genome, 49: 1319-1323.
Vanstone, V. A., A. J. Rathjen, A. H. Ware & R. D. Wheeler, 1998. Relationship between root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus negleclus and P. thornei) and performance of wheat varieties. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38: 18-188.
Waeyenberge, L., A. Ryss, M. Moens, J. Pinochet & T. C. Vrain, 2000. Molecular characterization of 18 Pratylenchus species using rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nematology, 2: 135-142.
Whish, J. P. M., P. Castor & P. S. Carberry, 2007. Managing production constraints to the reliability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) within marginal areas of the northern grains region of Australia. Crop and Pasture Science, 58: 396-405.
Yan, G., S. Richard, A. Patricia, P. A. Okubara, A. Skantar, A. E Sandra, G. S. Jason & T. Alison, 2008. Detection and Discrimination of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in DNA Extracts from Soil, Plant Disease, 92: 1480-1487.
Young, T. W., 1954. An incubation method for collecting migratory endoparasitic nematodes. Plant Disease Reporter, 38: 794-795.

Türkiye'de nohut alanlarındaki bitki paraziti nematodların belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4, 357 - 366, 01.12.2019

Tohid Behmand Naime Zülal Elekcioğlu Jens Berger Canan Can İbrahim Halil Elekcioğlu

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.578081

Cited By: 9

Öz

Türkiye nohut üretim alanlarında nematod türlerini belirlemek amacıyla 17 ile bağlı 37 ilçede 2014-2016 yılları arasında yürütülen sürvey çalışmasında toplam 211 toprak ve kök örnekler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerde tüm nematod gruplarını elde etmek amacıyla, topraktan farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemleriyle elde edilmiştir. Nematod türlerinin teşhisi, morfolojik ve morfometrik özellikler kullanılarak klasik teşhis yöntemlerine göre yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 türlerinin teşhisi için türe özgü primer yardımıyla moleküler yöntemleri kullanılmıştır .Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857), Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) ve Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953, sürvey yapılan nohut alanlarda en yaygın bitki paraziti nematodları tespit edilmiştir. Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) ve P. thornei tüm örneklerde tespit edilmiştir. Pratylenchus thornei, P. neglectus ve D. dipsaci incelenen toprak ve köklerde sırasıyla 179, 138 ve 95 örnekte (toplam örneklerin sırasıyla %84, 65 ve 45'inde) tespit edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinde daha düşük Aphelenchus Bastian, 1965, Criconemoides Taylor, 1936, Dorylaimida species, Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945, Merlinius Siddiqi, 1970, Paratrophurus Arias, 1970, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922, Trophurus Loof, 1957, Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1930, Tylenchus Bastian, 1865 ve Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 cinslerine bağlı türler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nohut, bitki paraziti nematodlar, moleküler teşhis

Proje Numarası

00185

Kaynakça

Al-Banna, L., A. T. Ploeg, V. M. Williamson & I. Kaloshian, 2004. Discrimination of six Pratylenchus species using PCR and species- specific primers. Journal of Nematology, 36: 142-146.
Barker, K. R. & J. P. Noe, 1987. Establishing and using threshold population levels. Vistas on Nematology, 75-81.
Behmand, T., 2018. Screening of chickpea genotypes collected from Turkey against to the root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei and Ditylenchus dipsaci for resistance. Çukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Adana, Turkey, 163 pp.
Bora, T. & İ. Karaca, 1970. Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, Yayın No: 167, E.Ü. Matbaası, Bornova-İzmir, 8s.
Castillo, P., A. Gomez-Barcina & R. M. Jimenez-Diaz, 1996. Plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in southern Spain and effect of soil temperature on reproduction of Pratylenchus thornei. Nematologica, 42 (2): 211-219.
Castillo, P. & N. Vovlas, 2007. “Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management, 305-324”. In: Biology and Ecology of Pratylenchus (Eds. D. J. Hunt & R. N. Perry). Nematology Monographs Perspectives 6, Brill, Leden-Boston, MA, 529 pp.
Castillo, P., N. Vovlas & R. M. Jimenez-Diaz, 1998. Pathogenicity and histopathology of Pratylenchus thornei populations on selected chickpea genotypes. Plant Pathology, 47: 370-376.
Chattopadhyay, C. & S. D. Mohapatra, 2015. Perception of constraints in chickpea production in India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 85: 287-289.
Chitwood, D. J. & L. R. Krusberg, 1977. Pectolytic enzymes in three populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci. Journal of Nematology, 9: 187-192.
Coolen, W. A., 1979. “Methods for the Extraction of Meloidogyne spp. and Other Nematodes from Roots and Soil, 317-329". In: Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species) Systematics, Biology and Control (Eds. F. Lamberti & C. E. Taylor). Academic Press, London, 802 pp.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco, H. M. Haula Mabsout, M. Labdi, S. P. S. Beniwal, M. C. Saxena, K. B. Singh & M. B. Solh, 1994. Nematodes of winter season legumes in North Africa. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 3-10.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco, G. Ores, M. C. Saxena, K. B. Singh & I. Kusmenoglu, 1994. Plant parasitic nematodes of legumes in Turkey. Nematologia Mediterranea, 22: 245-251.
Di Vito, M., N. Greco & M. C. Saxena, 1992. Patogenicity of Pratylenchus thornei on chickpea in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 20: 71-73.
FAO, 2017. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Data. (Web page: www.fao.org/faostat/en) (Date accessed: 02.11.2017).
Ghosh, R., M. Sharma, R. Telangre & S. Pande, 2013. Occurrence and distribution of chickpea diseases in central and southern parts of India. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4: 940-944.
GRDC, 2015. Tips and tactics: Root lesion nematodes Western region. (Web page: grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/all-publications/factsheets/2015/03/tt-rootlesionnematodes) (Date accessed: 03.03.2015).
Greco, N., 1985. “Nematodes of faba beans, chickpeas, and lentils in the Mediterranean region and their control, 179-187”. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Faba Beans, Kabuli Chickpeas, and Lentils in the 1980s (Eds. M. C. Saxena & S. Varma), (16-20 May 1983, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria), 457 pp.
Greco, N. & M. Di Vito, 1988. “The importance of plant parasitic nematodes in food legume production in the Mediterranean region, 28-45”. In: Proceedings of Workshop on nematodes Parasitic to Cereals and Legumes in Temperate Semi-arid Regions (1-5 March 1987, Larnaca, Cyprus), 217 pp.
Greco, N., M. Di Vito, M. V. Reddy & M. C. Saxena, 1984. A preliminary report of the survey of plant parasitic nematodes of leguminous crops in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 12: 87-93.
Greco, N., M. Di Vito & C. Saxena, 1992. Plant parasitic nematodes of cool season food legumes in Syria. Nematologia Mediterranea, 20: 37-46.
Greco, N. & S. B. Sharma, 1990. “Progress and problems in the management of nematode diseases, 135-137”. In: Chickpea in the Ninetie, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Chickpea Improvement (4-8 December 1989, ICRISAT Center, India. Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India) (Eds. H. A. van Rheenen, M. C. Saxena, B. J. Walby & S.D. Hall), 403 pp.
Handoo, Z. A. & M. A. Golden, 1989. A key and diagnostic compendium to the species of the genus Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (lesion nematodes). Journal of Nematology, 21: 202-218.
Hollaway, G. J., P. T Sharyn, F. E Russeli & H. H Colleen, 2000. Effect of field crops on density of Pratylenchus in South Eastern Australia; Part 2: P. thornei. Journal of Nematology, 32 (4S): 600-608.
Hollaway, G. J., V. A. Vanstone, J. Nobbs, J. G. Smith & J. S. Brown, 2008. Pathogenic nematodes of cereal crops in south-west Victoria, Australia. Australia Plant Pathology, 37: 505-510.
Hooper, D. J., 1986. “Extraction of Free-Living Stages from Soil, 5-30”. In: Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes (Ed. J. F. Southey), CAB International, London, UK, 629 pp.
Imren, M., L. Waeyenberge, N. Viaene, H. Toktay, A. Dababat & I. H. Elekcioğlu, 2012.Molecular characterization of cereal cyst nematodes from South Anatolian Region in Turkey using ITS-rDNA sequences. Turkish Journal of Entomology 36 (4): 491-499.
Jatala, P. & J. Bridge, 1990. “Nematode Parasites of Root and Tuber Crops,137-180”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 221 pp.
Jenkins, W. R., 1964. A rapid centrifugal-flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Reports, 48: 692.
Loof, P. A. A., 1991. “The Family Pratylenchidae Thorne, 1949, 363-421”. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Ed. W. R. Nickle). Marcel Dekker, New York NY, USA, 503 pp.
Orion, D., J. Krikun & J. Amir, 1982. “Population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei and its effect on wheat in a semi-arid region, 48”. Abstracts of the 16th International Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists (30 August- 3 September 1982, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK), 160 pp.
Pulse Australia, 2013. Northern chickpea best management practices training course manual 2013. Pulse.
Riley, I. T. & S. J. Kelly, 2002. Endoparasitic nematodes in cropping soils of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 42: 49-56.
Riley, I. T. & W. M. Wouts, 2001. Pratylenchus and Radopholus species in agricultural soils and native vegetation in southern Australia. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 125: 147-153.
Rubiales, D., S. Fondevilla, W. Chen, L. Gentzbittel, T. J. Higgins, M. A. Castillejo & N. Rispail, 2015. Achievements and challenges in legume breeding for pest and disease resistance. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 34: 195-236.
Seinhorst, W., 1959. A rapid method for the transfer of nematodes from fixative to anhydrous glycerin. Nematologica: 4: 67-69.
Sharma, S. B., D. H. Smith & D. I. McDonald, 1992. Nematode constraints of chickpea and pigeon pea production in the semi-arid tropics. Plant Disease, 76 (9): 868-874.
Sikora, A. & N. Greco, 1990. “Nematode Parasites of Food Legumes, 181-235”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 261 pp.
Singh, M. & S. B. Sharma, 1994. Temperature effects on development and reproduction of Heterodera cajani on pigeon pea. Journal of Nematology, 26: 241-248.
Subbotin, S. A., E. J. Ragsdale, T. Mullens, P. A. Roberts, M. Mundo-Ocampo & J. G. Baldwin, 2008. A phylogenetic framework for root lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda): evidence from 18s and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28s ribosomal RNA genes and morphological characters. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48: 491-505.
Sudupak, A., M. S. Akkaya & A. Kence, 2002. Analysis of genetic relationships among perennial and annual Cicer species growing in Turkey using RAPD markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 105: 1220-1228.
Thompson, J. P., T. G. Clewett, J. G. Sheedy, 2010. Occurrence of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus) and stunt nematode (Merlinius brevidens) in the northern grain region of Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology, 39: 254-264.
Toktay, H., L. McIntyre, J. M. Nicol, H. Ozkan & H. I. Elekcioglu, 2006. Identification of common root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei Sher et Allen) loci in bread wheat. Genome, 49: 1319-1323.
Vanstone, V. A., A. J. Rathjen, A. H. Ware & R. D. Wheeler, 1998. Relationship between root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus negleclus and P. thornei) and performance of wheat varieties. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 38: 18-188.
Waeyenberge, L., A. Ryss, M. Moens, J. Pinochet & T. C. Vrain, 2000. Molecular characterization of 18 Pratylenchus species using rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism. Nematology, 2: 135-142.
Whish, J. P. M., P. Castor & P. S. Carberry, 2007. Managing production constraints to the reliability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) within marginal areas of the northern grains region of Australia. Crop and Pasture Science, 58: 396-405.
Yan, G., S. Richard, A. Patricia, P. A. Okubara, A. Skantar, A. E Sandra, G. S. Jason & T. Alison, 2008. Detection and Discrimination of Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei in DNA Extracts from Soil, Plant Disease, 92: 1480-1487.
Young, T. W., 1954. An incubation method for collecting migratory endoparasitic nematodes. Plant Disease Reporter, 38: 794-795.

Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Tohid Behmand 0000-0001-7227-2484 Naime Zülal Elekcioğlu 0000-0002-6425-2907 Jens Berger Bu kişi benim Canan Can İbrahim Halil Elekcioğlu Bu kişi benim
Proje Numarası	00185
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi	14 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi	8 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA	Behmand, T., Elekcioğlu, N. Z., Berger, J., Can, C., vd. (2019). Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43(4), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.578081
AMA	Behmand T, Elekcioğlu NZ, Berger J, Can C, Elekcioğlu İH. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. TED. Aralık 2019;43(4):357-366. doi:10.16970/entoted.578081
Chicago	Behmand, Tohid, Naime Zülal Elekcioğlu, Jens Berger, Canan Can, ve İbrahim Halil Elekcioğlu. “Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Chickpea in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43, sy. 4 (Aralık 2019): 357-66. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.578081.
EndNote	Behmand T, Elekcioğlu NZ, Berger J, Can C, Elekcioğlu İH (01 Aralık 2019) Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43 4 357–366.
IEEE	T. Behmand, N. Z. Elekcioğlu, J. Berger, C. Can, ve İ. H. Elekcioğlu, “Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey”, TED, c. 43, sy. 4, ss. 357–366, 2019, doi: 10.16970/entoted.578081.
ISNAD	Behmand, Tohid vd. “Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Chickpea in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43/4 (Aralık 2019), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.578081.
JAMA	Behmand T, Elekcioğlu NZ, Berger J, Can C, Elekcioğlu İH. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. TED. 2019;43:357–366.
MLA	Behmand, Tohid vd. “Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated With Chickpea in Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 43, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 357-66, doi:10.16970/entoted.578081.
Vancouver	Behmand T, Elekcioğlu NZ, Berger J, Can C, Elekcioğlu İH. Determination of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea in Turkey. TED. 2019;43(4):357-66.