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Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato field

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 229 - 237, 21.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.84972

Öz

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a very challenging pest that causes economical losses in tomato production. This devastating pest originated from South America was the first time detected in İzmir province of Turkey in August 2009. The efficacy of the infective juveniles (IJs) of four native entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Steinernema affine (Bovien) (isolate 46), S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (isolate 1133), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (isolate 879) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (isolate 1144) was investigated against the larvae of T. absoluta in the field during the tomato production seasons of 2012-2013 in Çanakkale. Individuals of T. absoluta were collected from infested tomato fields in Çanakkale and mass produced on tomato plants in a climate controlled room. EPNs were isolated from different parts of Turkey and mass produced by using Galleria mellonella larvae in the laboratory. The tomato leaf miners were exposed to each nematode species at the rate of 50 IJs/cm2 on tomato plants in cages. T. absoluta were susceptible to all EPNs tested but the degree of susceptibility of the larvae to EPN infection varied according to the species. The most effective nematode species on T. absoluta larvae was S. feltiae (isolate 879) with 90.7% and 94.3% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively, whereas the least effective species was S. affine (isolate 46) with 39.3% and 43.7% mortality in 2012 and 2013, respectively. EPNs can be potential canditates to control tomato leafminer, so the integration possibility of these biological agents into the T. absoluta management programme is discussed. 

Kaynakça

  • Akhurst, R. & K. Smith, 2002. “Regulation and Safety, 311-332”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 400 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Controlling Tuta absoluta, a new invasive pest in Europe. Judit Arnó and Rosa Gabarra, IRTA, Cabrils, Spain. ENDURE Training in Integrated Pest Management, Number 5, 8 p.
  • Batalla-Carrera, L., A. Morton & F. Garcia-del-pino, 2010. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Biocontrol, 55: 523-530.
  • Baur, M. E., H. K. Kaya, R. Gaugler & B. Tabashnik, 1997. Effects of adjuvants on entomopathogenic nematode persistence and efficacy against Plutella xylostella. Biocontrol, Science and Technology, 7: 513-525.
  • Bedding, R. A. & R. J. Akhurst, 1975. A simple technique for the detection of insect parasitic rhabditid nematodes in soil. Nematologica, 21: 109-110.
  • Boemare, N. E., C. Laumond & H., Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: Biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science Technology, 6: 333-346.
  • Boemare, N., A. Givandan, M. Brehelin & C. Laumond, 1997. Symbioisis and pathogenicity of nematode-bacterium complexes. Symbioisis, 22: 21-45.
  • Burnell, A. M. & S. P. Stock, 2000. Heterorhabditis, Steinernema and their bacterial symbionts-lethal pathogens of insects. Nematology, 2: 31-42.
  • Caponero, A., 2009. Solanacee, rischio in serre. Resta alta l’attenzione alla tignola del pomodoro nelle colture protette. Colture Protette, 10: 96-97.
  • Desneux, N., M. G. Luna, T. Guillemaud & A. Urbaneja, 2011. The invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, continues to spread in Afro-Eurasia and beyond: The new threat to tomato world production. Journal of Pest Science, 84 (4): 403-408.
  • EPPO, 2005. Data sheets on quarantine pests: Tuta absoluta. OEPP/ EPPO Bulletin, 35: 434-435.
  • EPPO, 2009. EPPO reporting service 2009/169. New additions to the EPPO list. Resource document. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http:// archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2009/Rse-0909.pdf, (Date accessed: June 2014).
  • Estay, P., 2000. Polilla del tomate Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), URL http://alerce.inia.cl/docs/Informativos/Informativo09.pdf, (Date accessed: September 2014).
  • Garcia, M. F. & J. C. Espul, 1982. Bioecología de la polilla del tomate (Scrobipalpula absoluta) en Mendoza, República Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-INTA (Argentina), 18: 135-146.
  • Garcia-del-Pino, F., X. Alabern & A. Morton, 2013. Efficacy of soil treatments of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae, pupae and adults of Tuta absoluta and their interaction with the insecticides used against this insect. BioControl, 58 (6): 723-731.
  • Gaugler, R. 1999. Matching nematode and insect to achieve optimal field performance. In Workshop Proceedings: Optimal use of insecticidal nematodes in pest management, Edited by S. Polavarapu, Rutgers University, 9- 14 p.
  • Georgis, R. & R. Gaugler, 1991. Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84: 713-720.
  • Georgis, R., A. M. Koppenhöfer, L. A. Lacey, G. Bélair, L. W. Duncan, P. S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr & R. W. H. M. van Tol, 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biological Control, 38: 103-123.
  • Glazer, I. & Navon, A., 1990. Activity and persistence of entomogenous nematodes used against Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1795-1800.
  • Germain, J. F., AI. Lacordaire, C. Cocquempot, J. M. Ramel & E. Oudard, 2009. Un nouveau ravageur de la tomate en France: Tuta absoluta. PHM-Revue Horticole, 512: 37-41.
  • Griffin, C. T., M. J. Downes & W. Block, 1990. Test of Antarctic soils for insect parasitic nematodes. Antarctic Science, 2: 221-222.
  • Forst, S. & Clarke, D., 2002. “Bacteria-Nematode Symbiosis, 54-77”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK, 400 pp.
  • Kasap, İ., U. Gözel & A. Özpınar, 2011. “Yeni bir zararlı; domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), 284”. Çanakkale Tarımı Sempozyumu (Dünü, Bugünü, Geleceği) Bildirileri, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Çanakkale, 717 s.
  • Kaya, H. K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 181-206.
  • Kaya, H. K. & S. P. Stock, 1997. “Techniques in Insect Nematology, 281-324” In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (Eds L. A., Lacey) Biological Techniques Series, Academic Press, San Diego, California, 409 pp.
  • Kılıç, T., 2010. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38: 243-244. Larrain, P. S., 1986. Plagas del tomate. IPA, La Platina, 39: 30-35.
  • Lietti, M. M. M., E. Botto & R. A. Alzogaray, 2005. Insecticide resistance in Argentine populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotropical Entomology, 34 (1): 113-119.
  • Lindegren, J. E., K. A. Valero & B.E. Mackey, 1993. Simple in vivo production and storage methods for Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles. Journal of Nematology, 25: 193-197.
  • Olthof, Th. H. A. & A. B. Broadbent, 1990. “Control of a chrysanthemum leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii with the entomophilic nematode, Heterorhabditis heliothidis, 379”. Abstracts of Papers, Posters and Films Presented at the Second International Nematology Congress, 11-17 August, Veldhoven the Netherlands, Nematologica, 36 (1990): 327-403.
  • Poinar, G. O. Jr., G. M. Thomas, S. B. Presser & J. L. Hardy, 1982. Inoculation of entomogenous nematodes, Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis and their associated bacteria, Xenorhabdus spp., into chicks and mice. Environmental Entomology, 11: 137-138.
  • Potting, R., 2009. Pest risk analysis Tuta absoluta, tomato leaf miner moth. Plant protection service of the Netherlands, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, www.minlnv.nl, 28 pp. Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 1997. Detección de resistencia a insecticidas en la polilla del tomate. Simiente, 67: 8- 22.
  • Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 2001. Respuesta de la polilla del tomate, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a insecticidas en Arica. Agricultura Técnica, 61: 429-435.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. & R. Gaugler, 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 137-146.
  • Shields, E. J., A. Testa, J. M. Miller & K. L. Flanders, 1999. Field efficacy and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ‘Oswego’ and H. bacteriophora ‘NC’ on Alfalfa snout beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 28: 128-136.
  • Siqueira, H. A. A., R. N. C. Guedes & M. C. Picanço, 2000. Insecticide resistance in populations of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2: 147-153.
  • Siqueira, H. A. A., R. N. C. Guedes, D. B. Fragoso & L. C. Magalhaes, 2001. Abamectin resistance and synergism in Brazilian populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 47 (4): 247-251.
  • Temerak, S. A., 2011. “The status of Tuta absoluta in Egypt, 16-18”. EPPO/IOPC/FAO/NEPP Joint, International Symposium on Management of Tuta absoluta (tomato borer), Conference, Agadri, Morocco, November, 18 pp.
  • Tropea Garzia, G., 2009. Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae), a host plant of Tuta absoluta in Italy. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49: 231-232.
  • Urbaneja, A., R. Vercher, V. Navarro, J. L. Porcuna & F. Garcia Maria, 2007. La polilla del tomate, Tuta absoluta. Phytoma España, 194: 16-23.
  • Vargas, H.C., 1970. Observaciones sobre la biologia y enemigos naturales de la polilla del tomate, Gnorimoschema absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Idesia, 1: 75-110.
  • White, G. F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
  • Woodring, J. L. & H. K. Kaya, 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid Nematodes: A Handbook of Biology and Techniques, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 1-17.
  • Zar, J. H., 1999. Biostatistical analysis. 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 662 pp.

Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 229 - 237, 21.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.84972

Öz

Domates güvesi, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) domates üretiminde ekonomik kayıplara neden olan, mücadelesi zor bir zararlıdır. Tahrip gücü yüksek bu zararlı Güney Amerika orijinli olup, ülkemizde ilk olarak 2009 Ağustosu’nda İzmir’de tespit edilmiştir. Dört yerel entomopatojen nematod türü; Steinernema affine (Bovien) (izolat 46), S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (izolat 1133), S. feltiae (Filipjev) (izolat 879) ve Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) (izolat 1144)’nın T. absoluta’ya karşı etkinliği tarlada 2012-2013 Çanakkale domates üretim sezonu süresince araştırılmıştır. T. absoluta bireyleri Çanakkale’deki bulaşık domates tarlalarından toplanmış ve iklim odasında domates bitkileri üzerinde kitle üretimi yapılmıştır. EPN’ler ise ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinden elde edilmiş ve laboratuarda Galleria mellonella larvalarında kitle üretimi yapılmıştır. Her bir nematod türü domates güvesine kafeslerdeki domates bitkileri üzerinde 50 IJs/cm2 olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. T. absoluta’nın, denemede kullanılan tüm EPN’lere karşı duyarlı olduğu tespit edilmiş, ancak larvaların infeksiyona karşı gösterdiği duyarlılık nematod türüne bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. S. feltiae (izolat 879) 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında sırası ile meydana getirdiği %90.7 ve %94.3 ölüm oranları ile en etkili tür olarak tespit edilmişken, S. affine (izolat 46) 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında sırası ile meydana getirdiği %39.3 ve %43.7 ölüm oranları ile en az etkili tür olarak tespit edilmiştir. EPN’ler domates güvesini kontrol etmek için potansiyel adaylar olabilir, bu nedenle bu biyolojik ajanların T. absoluta’nın mücadele programına dahil edilme olasılığı üzerinde durulmalıdır. 

Kaynakça

  • Akhurst, R. & K. Smith, 2002. “Regulation and Safety, 311-332”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 400 pp.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Controlling Tuta absoluta, a new invasive pest in Europe. Judit Arnó and Rosa Gabarra, IRTA, Cabrils, Spain. ENDURE Training in Integrated Pest Management, Number 5, 8 p.
  • Batalla-Carrera, L., A. Morton & F. Garcia-del-pino, 2010. Efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Biocontrol, 55: 523-530.
  • Baur, M. E., H. K. Kaya, R. Gaugler & B. Tabashnik, 1997. Effects of adjuvants on entomopathogenic nematode persistence and efficacy against Plutella xylostella. Biocontrol, Science and Technology, 7: 513-525.
  • Bedding, R. A. & R. J. Akhurst, 1975. A simple technique for the detection of insect parasitic rhabditid nematodes in soil. Nematologica, 21: 109-110.
  • Boemare, N. E., C. Laumond & H., Mauleon, 1996. The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex: Biology, life cycle and vertebrate safety. Biocontrol Science Technology, 6: 333-346.
  • Boemare, N., A. Givandan, M. Brehelin & C. Laumond, 1997. Symbioisis and pathogenicity of nematode-bacterium complexes. Symbioisis, 22: 21-45.
  • Burnell, A. M. & S. P. Stock, 2000. Heterorhabditis, Steinernema and their bacterial symbionts-lethal pathogens of insects. Nematology, 2: 31-42.
  • Caponero, A., 2009. Solanacee, rischio in serre. Resta alta l’attenzione alla tignola del pomodoro nelle colture protette. Colture Protette, 10: 96-97.
  • Desneux, N., M. G. Luna, T. Guillemaud & A. Urbaneja, 2011. The invasive South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta, continues to spread in Afro-Eurasia and beyond: The new threat to tomato world production. Journal of Pest Science, 84 (4): 403-408.
  • EPPO, 2005. Data sheets on quarantine pests: Tuta absoluta. OEPP/ EPPO Bulletin, 35: 434-435.
  • EPPO, 2009. EPPO reporting service 2009/169. New additions to the EPPO list. Resource document. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http:// archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2009/Rse-0909.pdf, (Date accessed: June 2014).
  • Estay, P., 2000. Polilla del tomate Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), URL http://alerce.inia.cl/docs/Informativos/Informativo09.pdf, (Date accessed: September 2014).
  • Garcia, M. F. & J. C. Espul, 1982. Bioecología de la polilla del tomate (Scrobipalpula absoluta) en Mendoza, República Argentina. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-INTA (Argentina), 18: 135-146.
  • Garcia-del-Pino, F., X. Alabern & A. Morton, 2013. Efficacy of soil treatments of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae, pupae and adults of Tuta absoluta and their interaction with the insecticides used against this insect. BioControl, 58 (6): 723-731.
  • Gaugler, R. 1999. Matching nematode and insect to achieve optimal field performance. In Workshop Proceedings: Optimal use of insecticidal nematodes in pest management, Edited by S. Polavarapu, Rutgers University, 9- 14 p.
  • Georgis, R. & R. Gaugler, 1991. Predictability in biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84: 713-720.
  • Georgis, R., A. M. Koppenhöfer, L. A. Lacey, G. Bélair, L. W. Duncan, P. S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr & R. W. H. M. van Tol, 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biological Control, 38: 103-123.
  • Glazer, I. & Navon, A., 1990. Activity and persistence of entomogenous nematodes used against Heliothis armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1795-1800.
  • Germain, J. F., AI. Lacordaire, C. Cocquempot, J. M. Ramel & E. Oudard, 2009. Un nouveau ravageur de la tomate en France: Tuta absoluta. PHM-Revue Horticole, 512: 37-41.
  • Griffin, C. T., M. J. Downes & W. Block, 1990. Test of Antarctic soils for insect parasitic nematodes. Antarctic Science, 2: 221-222.
  • Forst, S. & Clarke, D., 2002. “Bacteria-Nematode Symbiosis, 54-77”. In: Entomopathogenic Nematology (Ed: R. Gaugler). CABI Publishing, Wallingford UK, 400 pp.
  • Kasap, İ., U. Gözel & A. Özpınar, 2011. “Yeni bir zararlı; domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), 284”. Çanakkale Tarımı Sempozyumu (Dünü, Bugünü, Geleceği) Bildirileri, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Çanakkale, 717 s.
  • Kaya, H. K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38: 181-206.
  • Kaya, H. K. & S. P. Stock, 1997. “Techniques in Insect Nematology, 281-324” In: Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology (Eds L. A., Lacey) Biological Techniques Series, Academic Press, San Diego, California, 409 pp.
  • Kılıç, T., 2010. First record of Tuta absoluta in Turkey. Phytoparasitica, 38: 243-244. Larrain, P. S., 1986. Plagas del tomate. IPA, La Platina, 39: 30-35.
  • Lietti, M. M. M., E. Botto & R. A. Alzogaray, 2005. Insecticide resistance in Argentine populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotropical Entomology, 34 (1): 113-119.
  • Lindegren, J. E., K. A. Valero & B.E. Mackey, 1993. Simple in vivo production and storage methods for Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles. Journal of Nematology, 25: 193-197.
  • Olthof, Th. H. A. & A. B. Broadbent, 1990. “Control of a chrysanthemum leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii with the entomophilic nematode, Heterorhabditis heliothidis, 379”. Abstracts of Papers, Posters and Films Presented at the Second International Nematology Congress, 11-17 August, Veldhoven the Netherlands, Nematologica, 36 (1990): 327-403.
  • Poinar, G. O. Jr., G. M. Thomas, S. B. Presser & J. L. Hardy, 1982. Inoculation of entomogenous nematodes, Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis and their associated bacteria, Xenorhabdus spp., into chicks and mice. Environmental Entomology, 11: 137-138.
  • Potting, R., 2009. Pest risk analysis Tuta absoluta, tomato leaf miner moth. Plant protection service of the Netherlands, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, www.minlnv.nl, 28 pp. Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 1997. Detección de resistencia a insecticidas en la polilla del tomate. Simiente, 67: 8- 22.
  • Salazar, E. R. & J. E. Araya, 2001. Respuesta de la polilla del tomate, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a insecticidas en Arica. Agricultura Técnica, 61: 429-435.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I. & R. Gaugler, 2002. Production technology for entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 137-146.
  • Shields, E. J., A. Testa, J. M. Miller & K. L. Flanders, 1999. Field efficacy and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ‘Oswego’ and H. bacteriophora ‘NC’ on Alfalfa snout beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Environmental Entomology, 28: 128-136.
  • Siqueira, H. A. A., R. N. C. Guedes & M. C. Picanço, 2000. Insecticide resistance in populations of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2: 147-153.
  • Siqueira, H. A. A., R. N. C. Guedes, D. B. Fragoso & L. C. Magalhaes, 2001. Abamectin resistance and synergism in Brazilian populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 47 (4): 247-251.
  • Temerak, S. A., 2011. “The status of Tuta absoluta in Egypt, 16-18”. EPPO/IOPC/FAO/NEPP Joint, International Symposium on Management of Tuta absoluta (tomato borer), Conference, Agadri, Morocco, November, 18 pp.
  • Tropea Garzia, G., 2009. Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae), a host plant of Tuta absoluta in Italy. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 49: 231-232.
  • Urbaneja, A., R. Vercher, V. Navarro, J. L. Porcuna & F. Garcia Maria, 2007. La polilla del tomate, Tuta absoluta. Phytoma España, 194: 16-23.
  • Vargas, H.C., 1970. Observaciones sobre la biologia y enemigos naturales de la polilla del tomate, Gnorimoschema absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Idesia, 1: 75-110.
  • White, G. F., 1927. A method for obtaining infective nematode larvae from cultures. Science, 66: 302-303.
  • Woodring, J. L. & H. K. Kaya, 1988. Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid Nematodes: A Handbook of Biology and Techniques, Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 331. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 1-17.
  • Zar, J. H., 1999. Biostatistical analysis. 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 662 pp.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Çiğdem Gözel

İsmail Kasap

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gözel, Ç., & Kasap, İ. (2015). Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39(3), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.84972
AMA Gözel Ç, Kasap İ. Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği. TED. Ekim 2015;39(3):229-237. doi:10.16970/ted.84972
Chicago Gözel, Çiğdem, ve İsmail Kasap. “Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı Domates tarlasındaki etkinliği”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39, sy. 3 (Ekim 2015): 229-37. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.84972.
EndNote Gözel Ç, Kasap İ (01 Ekim 2015) Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39 3 229–237.
IEEE Ç. Gözel ve İ. Kasap, “Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği”, TED, c. 39, sy. 3, ss. 229–237, 2015, doi: 10.16970/ted.84972.
ISNAD Gözel, Çiğdem - Kasap, İsmail. “Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı Domates tarlasındaki etkinliği”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 39/3 (Ekim 2015), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.16970/ted.84972.
JAMA Gözel Ç, Kasap İ. Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği. TED. 2015;39:229–237.
MLA Gözel, Çiğdem ve İsmail Kasap. “Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı Domates tarlasındaki etkinliği”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 39, sy. 3, 2015, ss. 229-37, doi:10.16970/ted.84972.
Vancouver Gözel Ç, Kasap İ. Entomopatojen nematodların Domates güvesi Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı domates tarlasındaki etkinliği. TED. 2015;39(3):229-37.

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