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Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 235 - 243, 20.07.2023

Yasin Nazım Alpkent Abdullah Yılmaz Sait Ertürk

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1213840
Cited By: 2

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the malathion resistance levels of two important stored grain pest beetles, Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), collected from different provinces of Türkiye in the years 2017-2018. To control these pests, chemical insecticides have been widely used for a long time as a grain protectant in farmer warehouses, flour mills, or silos in many countries, including Türkiye. In the current study, insects were exposed to malathion for 24 hours to determine resistance rates. The highest resistance ratio to malathion in S. oryzae was found in the Adana-Kartepe population with 5.73-fold, and the lowest resistance was found in the İstanbul- Büyükçekmece population with 1.57-fold. While the Konya-Alibeyhöyüğü population of S. granarius had the highest resistance ratio of 6-fold, the lowest resistance rate of 2.54-fold was found in the population obtained from the same location but from a different warehouse. According to this study, we found that slight resistance developed in the populations of S. oryzae and S. granarius in Türkiye. In order to prevent the occurrence of resistance due to synthetic insecticides used against stored product pests, it is thought that various insecticide groups with different mechanisms of action should be used.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malathion resistance Sitophilus spp. Türkiye warehouse

Destekleyen Kurum

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye

Proje Numarası

Grant Project No: 215O475-TOVAG

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, V. & Ö. Sağlam, 2022. Insecticidal efficacy of some Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on paddy. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 19 (2): 446-455.
  • Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: Current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32 (4): 293-302.
  • Asrar, M., N. Ashraf, M. D. Gogi, S. M. Hussain, K. Zia & B. Rasool, 2016. Toxicity and repellence of plant oils against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Trogoderma granarium (E.). Pakistan Entomologist, 38 (1): 55-63.
  • Atabay, S., V. Aydın & N. Özder, 2013. Insect pests of stored paddy and rice in Balıkesir (Gönen) and Edirne (Uzunköprü) Plant Protection Bulletin, 53 (3): 141-157.
  • Attia, M. A., T. F. Wahba, N. Shaarawy, F. I. Moustafa, R. N. C. Guedes & Y. Dewer, 2020. Stored grain pest prevalence and insecticide resistance in Egyptian populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 87: 101611 (1-6).
  • Ay, R. & M. O. Gürkan, 2005. Investigations on resistance and resistance mechanisms of different populations of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) against two selective acaricide. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11 (2): 217-223.
  • Aydın, A., 2022. Structure of wheat production sector in Turkey and Production forecast with the Arima model. The Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research, 5 (1): 1-18.
  • Bağcı, F., A. Yılmaz & S. Ertürk, 2014. Insect pest species in grain warehouses in Ankara province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 54 (1): 69-78.
  • Baliota, G. V., E. Lampiri, E. N. Batzogianni & C. G. Athanassiou, 2022. Insecticidal effect of four insecticides for the control of different populations of three stored-product beetle species. Insects, 13 (4): 325 (1-16).
  • Boxall, R. A., 2002. Damage and loss caused by the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 7 (2): 105-121.
  • Boyer, S., H. Zhang & G. Lempérière, 2012. A review of control methods and resistance mechanisms in stored-product insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102 (2): 213-29.
  • Correa, A. S., L. O. de Oliveira, L. S. Braga & R. N. C. Guedes, 2013. Distribution of the related weevil species Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais in Brazil. Insect Science, 20 (6): 763-770.
  • Coşkuncu, K. S., 2004. Stored product insect pests in flour factory and mills in Bursa province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludağ University, 18 (1): 33-44.
  • Dennehey, T. J., 1987. “Decision-Making for Managing Pest Resistance to Pesticides, 118-126”. In: Combating Resistance to Xenobiotics: Biological and Chemical Approaches (Eds. M. G. Ford, D. W. Holloman, B. P. S. Khanbay & R. M. Sawicki) Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England, 320 pp.
  • Dörtbudak, N., D. Yılmaz & M. Aydın, 1987. Investigations on the resistance to protective chemical used against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) destructive on stored grain in Ankara and Eskişehir. Plant Protection Bulletin, 27 (1-2): 101-109.
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  • Ertürk, S., T. Atay, U. Toprak & M. Alkan, 2020. The efficacy of different surface applications of wettable powder formulation of Detech® diatomaceous earth against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 89: 101725 (1-7).
  • Esin, T., 1971. Hububat ve Bakliyat Ambar Zararlıları Mücadele Talimatı. Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi, Ankara 145 s (in Turkish).
  • Ferizli, A. G. & G. Beris, 2005. Mortality and F1 progeny of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F), on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of rate, exposure period and relative humidity. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 61 (11): 1103-1109.
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Türkiye'deki Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 ve Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) popülasyonlarında malathion direncinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 235 - 243, 20.07.2023

Yasin Nazım Alpkent Abdullah Yılmaz Sait Ertürk

https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1213840
Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2017-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin farklı illerinden toplanan iki önemli depolanmış ürün zararlısı Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 ve Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)'un malathion direnç düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu zararlıları kontrol altına almak için insektisitler, Türkiye dahil birçok ülkede çiftçi depolarında, un değirmenlerinde veya silolarda tahıl koruyucu olarak uzun zamandan beri yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Direnç oranlarını belirlemek için böcekler 24 saat boyunca malathion’a maruz bırakılmıştır. Malathion'a karşı en yüksek direnç oranı Sitophilus oryzae'de 5.73 kat ile Adana-Çukurtepe (K4) popülasyonunda, en düşük direnç ise 1.57 kat ile İstanbul-Büyükçekmece (R1) popülasyonunda bulunmuştur. Sitophilus granarius'un Konya-Alibeyhöyüğü (E3) popülasyonunda en yüksek direnç oranı malathion’a karşı 6 kat iken, en düşük direnç oranı 2.54 kat ile S. granarius'un aynı lokasyonun farklı bir deposundan alınan popülasyonunda (E4) bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmaya göre Türkiye'deki S. oryzae ve S. granarius popülasyonlarında hafif bir direnç geliştiği tespit edilmiştir. Depolanmış ürün zararlısı böceklere karşı kullanılan sentetik insektisitler nedeniyle oluşabilecek direnç vakalarının önlenmesi amacıyla, farklı etki mekanizmalarına sahip çeşitli insektisit gruplarının kullanılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malathion direnç Sitophilus spp. Türkiye depo

Proje Numarası

Grant Project No: 215O475-TOVAG

Kaynakça

  • Alagöz, V. & Ö. Sağlam, 2022. Insecticidal efficacy of some Turkish diatomaceous earth deposits against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on paddy. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 19 (2): 446-455.
  • Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: Current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32 (4): 293-302.
  • Asrar, M., N. Ashraf, M. D. Gogi, S. M. Hussain, K. Zia & B. Rasool, 2016. Toxicity and repellence of plant oils against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Trogoderma granarium (E.). Pakistan Entomologist, 38 (1): 55-63.
  • Atabay, S., V. Aydın & N. Özder, 2013. Insect pests of stored paddy and rice in Balıkesir (Gönen) and Edirne (Uzunköprü) Plant Protection Bulletin, 53 (3): 141-157.
  • Attia, M. A., T. F. Wahba, N. Shaarawy, F. I. Moustafa, R. N. C. Guedes & Y. Dewer, 2020. Stored grain pest prevalence and insecticide resistance in Egyptian populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 87: 101611 (1-6).
  • Ay, R. & M. O. Gürkan, 2005. Investigations on resistance and resistance mechanisms of different populations of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) against two selective acaricide. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 11 (2): 217-223.
  • Aydın, A., 2022. Structure of wheat production sector in Turkey and Production forecast with the Arima model. The Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research, 5 (1): 1-18.
  • Bağcı, F., A. Yılmaz & S. Ertürk, 2014. Insect pest species in grain warehouses in Ankara province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 54 (1): 69-78.
  • Baliota, G. V., E. Lampiri, E. N. Batzogianni & C. G. Athanassiou, 2022. Insecticidal effect of four insecticides for the control of different populations of three stored-product beetle species. Insects, 13 (4): 325 (1-16).
  • Boxall, R. A., 2002. Damage and loss caused by the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 7 (2): 105-121.
  • Boyer, S., H. Zhang & G. Lempérière, 2012. A review of control methods and resistance mechanisms in stored-product insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 102 (2): 213-29.
  • Correa, A. S., L. O. de Oliveira, L. S. Braga & R. N. C. Guedes, 2013. Distribution of the related weevil species Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais in Brazil. Insect Science, 20 (6): 763-770.
  • Coşkuncu, K. S., 2004. Stored product insect pests in flour factory and mills in Bursa province. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludağ University, 18 (1): 33-44.
  • Dennehey, T. J., 1987. “Decision-Making for Managing Pest Resistance to Pesticides, 118-126”. In: Combating Resistance to Xenobiotics: Biological and Chemical Approaches (Eds. M. G. Ford, D. W. Holloman, B. P. S. Khanbay & R. M. Sawicki) Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England, 320 pp.
  • Dörtbudak, N., D. Yılmaz & M. Aydın, 1987. Investigations on the resistance to protective chemical used against granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.) destructive on stored grain in Ankara and Eskişehir. Plant Protection Bulletin, 27 (1-2): 101-109.
  • Elzen, G. W. & D. D. Hardee, 2003. United state department of agricultural-agricultural research on managing insect resistance to insecticides. Pest Management Science, 59 (6-7): 770-776.
  • Erakay, S., 1974. Ege Bölgesi’nde Un ve Undan Mamul Maddelerde Bulunan Zararlı Böcekler Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, İstiklal Matbaası, İzmir, 60 s (in Turkish).
  • Ertürk, S., 2021. Combined and individual effects of diatomaceous earth and methyl eugenol against stored products insect pests. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45 (2): 173-184.
  • Ertürk, S., T. Atay, U. Toprak & M. Alkan, 2020. The efficacy of different surface applications of wettable powder formulation of Detech® diatomaceous earth against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 89: 101725 (1-7).
  • Esin, T., 1971. Hububat ve Bakliyat Ambar Zararlıları Mücadele Talimatı. Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi, Ankara 145 s (in Turkish).
  • Ferizli, A. G. & G. Beris, 2005. Mortality and F1 progeny of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F), on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of rate, exposure period and relative humidity. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 61 (11): 1103-1109.
  • Freeman, P., 1980. Common Insect Pests of Stored Food Products: A Guide to Their Identification. British Museum (Natural History) London (Sixth Ed.), Vol. 15, 69 pp.
  • Georghiou, G. P. & R. L. Metcalf, 1961. A bioassay method and results of laboratory evaluation of insecticides against adult mosquitoes. Mosquito News 21 (4): 328-337.
  • Guedes, R. N. C., B. Dover & S. Kambhampatı, 1996. Resistance to chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and malathion in Brazilian and U.S. populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 89 (1): 27-32.
  • Guedes, R. N. C., J. O. G. Lima, J. P. Santos & C. D. Cruz, 1994. Inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in a Brazilian strain of maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Mots). International Journal of Pest Management, 40 (1): 103-106.
  • Guedes, R. N. C., J. O. G. Lima, J. P. Santos & C. D. Cruz, 1995. Resistance to DDT and pyrethroids in Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 31 (2): 145-150.
  • Hill, D., 2002. Pests of Stored Product Foodstuffs and Their Control. Springer Publisher, the Netherlands, 478 pp.
  • Hoskins, W. M. & H. T. Gordon, 1956. Arthropod resistance to chemicals. Annual Review of Entomology, 1 (1): 89-122.
  • Hoskins, W. M., 1960. Use of the dosage-mortality curve in quantitative estimation of insecticide resistance. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 2: 85-91.
  • IRAC, 2009. IRAC susceptibility test methods series method No: 006 Version: 3. (Web page: https://irac-online.org/methods/beetles-damaging-stored-products-all-stages/) (Date accessed: November 2022).
  • Işıkber, A. A., H. Ü. Özdamar & A. Karcı, 2005. Determination of insect species and their infestation rates on stored wheat in Kahramanmaraş and Adiyaman province. KSU Journal of Science and Engineering, 8 (1): 107-113 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Işıkber, A. A., İ. Ş. Doğanay, H. Tunaz & M. K. Er, 2016. The infestation rate and abundance of insect pests on stored corn in different climatic zones of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 6 (4): 349-356.
  • Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 45-66.
  • Kalkan, M., N. Dörtbudak & G. Ersoy, 1977. Studies on the Resistance to Malathion of Stored Cereal Insect Pests. Annuals Research of Plant Protection, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock General Directorate of Agricultural Control and Agricultural Quarantine Research Department, Ankara, 276 pp (In Turkish).
  • Karaağaç, S. U. & M. Konuş, 2015. Determination of organophosphate resistance status and mechanism in Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 40 (5): 417-422.
  • Karaağaç, S. U., 2015. Monitoring of insecticide resistance in stored product pests in Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24 (5a): 1852-1855.
  • Keszthelyi, S., H. Lukács & F. Pál-Fám, 2021. Effects of different infra-red irradiations on the survival of granary weevil Sitophilus granarius: bioefficacy and sustainability. Insects,12 (2): 102 (1-10).
  • Keyder, S., H. Seçkin & G. İlalan, 1979. Studies on malathion resistance in granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.), rice weevil (S. oryzae L.), confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum Duv.) and red flour beetle (T. castaneum Herbst) in Marmara region. Plant Protection Bulletin, 19 (2): 96-102.
  • Kljajić, P. & I. Peric, 2006. Susceptibility to contact insecticides of granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) originating from different locations in the former Yugoslavia. Journal of Stored Products Research, 42 (2): 149-161.
  • Kljajić, P. & I. Perić, 2007. Altered susceptibility of granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations to insecticides after selection with pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Journal of Stored Products Research, 43 (2): 134-141.
  • Koçak, E., A. Yılmaz, Y. N. Alpkent & S. Ertürk, 2018. Phosphine resistance to some coleopteran pests in stored grains across Turkey. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the IOBC-WPRS Bulletin, Ljubljana, 130: 303-310.
  • Konus, M., 2015. Malathion resistance mediated by detoxification enzymes in Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24 (6a): 2146-2151.
  • Kucerova, Z., 2002. Weight losses of wheat grains caused by psocid infestation Liposcelis bostrychophila (Liposcelididae: Psocoptera). Plant Protection Science, 38 (3): 103-107.
  • Lv, S. L., Y. Shi, J. C. Zhang, P. Liang, L. Zhang & X. W. Gao, 2021. Detection of ryanodine receptor target-site mutations in diamide insecticide-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda in China. Insect Science, 28 (3): 639-648.
  • Magan, N., R. Hope, V. Cairns & D. Aldred, 2003. Post-harvest fungal ecology: Impact of fungal growth and mycotoxin accumulation in stored grain. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109 (7): 723-730.
  • Mason, L. J. & M. McDonough, 2012. “Biology, Behavior, and Ecology of Stored Grain and Legume Insects,1-14”. In: Stored Product Protection (Eds. D. W. Hagstrum, T. W. Philips & G. Cuperus). Kansas State University Manhattan, KS, USA, 351 pp.
  • Mazzarri, M. B. & G. P. Georghiou, 1995. Characterization of resistance to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 11 (3): 315-322.
  • Mebarkia, A., Y. Rahbe, A. Guechi & A. Bouras, 2010. Susceptibility of twelve soft wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum) to Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1 (4): 571-578.
  • Mutlu, C., A. Öğreten, C. Kaya & M. Mamay, 2019. Influence of different grain storage types on khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), infestation in southeastern Anatolia (Turkey) and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43 (2): 131-142.
  • Nietupski, M., E. R. Cabaj, C. Purwin & B. Kordan, 2021. Fatty acids present in wheat kernels influence the development of the grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.). Insects, 12 (9): 806 (1-12).
  • Obr, S., 1978. Psocoptera of food-processing plants and storages, dwellings and collections of natural objects in Czechoslovakia. Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 75 (4): 226-242.
  • Oden, T. & E. Sahin, 1964. Determination of malathion residues on store products by bioassay. Plant Protection Bulletin, 4 (2): 88-94.
  • Özder, N. & O. Toğantimur, 2019. Investigation on insect pest species in grain warehouse and flour mills in Edirne province. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 16 (2): 192-201.
  • Özer, M., 1957. Studies on the Morphology, Brief Biology, and Distribution of Insect Species that Cause Significant Damage to Various Grains, Flour and Products, Dried Fruits, and Tobacco in Stores, Warehouses, Factories, and Silos in Türkiye. Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture Publications 125. Ankara University Press, Ankara, 136 pp (in Turkish).
  • Perez-Mendoza, J., 1999. Survey of insecticide resistance in Mexican populations of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 35 (1): 107-115.
  • Ribeiro, B. M., R. N. C. Guedesa, E. E. Oliveira & J. P. Santos, 2003. Insecticide resistance and synergism in Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 39 (1): 21-31.
  • Rodrigues, A. S., R. N. C. Guedes, H. Á. A. De Siqueira & J. B. Torres, 2020. Stability of the resistance to lambda‐cyhalothrin in the ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 168 (8): 644-652.
  • Santos, J. P., I. V. M. Cajueiro & R. A. Fontes, 1986. “Avaliação de Perdas Causadas por Insetos no Milho Armazenado ao Nível de Fazenda, em Três Estados, 65-66”. In: Relatório Técnico Anual do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (Ed. E Paiva). CNPMS-EMBRAPA, Sete Lagoas, Brazil, 161 pp (in Portuguese).
  • TMO, 2020. 2020 yılı hububat sektör raporu. (https://www.tmo.gov.tr/Upload/Document/sektorraporlari/hububat2020. pdf&cd=1&hl=tr&ct=clnk&gl=tr) (Accessed date: November 2022) (in Turkish).
  • Yalçın, M., S. Mermer, L. D. Kozacı & C. Turgut, 2015. Insecticide resistance in two populations of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39 (2): 137-145.
  • Yesir, N. & E. Koçak, 2017. Determination of deltamethrin and malathion resistance status on rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Turkey. Academia Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, ICAE-IWCB, Special issue: 14-25.
  • Yetkin, M. S. & E. Atakan, 2022. Determination of pests in stored wheat and corn in Tarsus and Akdeniz districts of Mersin Province, Turkey. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 59 (3): 471-483.
  • Yiğit, Ş., A. K. Aşkın, İ. Akça & İ. Saruhan, 2022. Biocidal effect of deltamethrin against Tribolium confusum Duv. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults in laboratory conditions. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 5 (4): 383-386.
  • Yu, S. J., 2008. The Toxicology and Biochemistry of Insecticides. Boca Raton, USA. CRC Pres Taylor-Francis Group, 250 pp.
  • Zengin, E. & İ. Karaca, 2019. Determination of pest and natural enemies species and their distributions on stored wheat in Uşak province. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 23 (3): 738-742.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Pestisititler ve Toksikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yasin Nazım Alpkent 0000-0003-1501-1223

Abdullah Yılmaz 0000-0003-2687-2707

Sait Ertürk 0000-0001-9961-3955

Proje Numarası Grant Project No: 215O475-TOVAG
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Aralık 2022
Kabul Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Alpkent, Y. N., Yılmaz, A., & Ertürk, S. (2023). Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47(2), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1213840
AMA Alpkent YN, Yılmaz A, Ertürk S. Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye. TED. Temmuz 2023;47(2):235-243. doi:10.16970/entoted.1213840
Chicago Alpkent, Yasin Nazım, Abdullah Yılmaz, ve Sait Ertürk. “Determination of Malathion Resistance in Sitophilus Oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus Granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2023): 235-43. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1213840.
EndNote Alpkent YN, Yılmaz A, Ertürk S (01 Temmuz 2023) Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47 2 235–243.
IEEE Y. N. Alpkent, A. Yılmaz, ve S. Ertürk, “Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye”, TED, c. 47, sy. 2, ss. 235–243, 2023, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1213840.
ISNAD Alpkent, Yasin Nazım vd. “Determination of Malathion Resistance in Sitophilus Oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus Granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47/2 (Temmuz 2023), 235-243. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1213840.
JAMA Alpkent YN, Yılmaz A, Ertürk S. Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye. TED. 2023;47:235–243.
MLA Alpkent, Yasin Nazım vd. “Determination of Malathion Resistance in Sitophilus Oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus Granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 47, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 235-43, doi:10.16970/entoted.1213840.
Vancouver Alpkent YN, Yılmaz A, Ertürk S. Determination of malathion resistance in Sitophilus oryzae L., 1763 and Sitophilus granarius L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Türkiye. TED. 2023;47(2):235-43.

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