Öz
Şeker pancarı (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris), hem gıda hem de şeker üretimi için yetiştirilen, ekonomik olarak önemli kültür bitkilerinden biridir. Yetiştiriciler, istekleri doğrultusunda bitki özelliklerini geliştirmek için ıslah çalışmaları sürdürmektedirler. Şeker pancarı ıslahı ile birlikte; verimli, şeker içeriği yüksek, dayanıklı üstün çeşitler geliştirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, kültür pancarlarındaki düşük genetik çeşitlilik, hastalık ve zararlılara hassasiyet gibi özellikleri iyileştirmek amacıyla yabani akrabalarından yararlanılmaktadır. Yabani akrabalar belirli habitatlara adapte olduklarından, pancar yetiştirme havuzu için önemli bir genetik kaynak oluştururlar. Genom dizileme yoluyla pancarda bulunan genlerin ve alellerin sayısı, kimliği ve çeşitliliği hakkında bilgi edinmek, pancarlarda yeni özellikleri tanıtmak ve geliştirmek için önemlidir. Bitkinin yabani akrabalarında bulunan özellikler olan tolerans ve direnç özelliklerini kültür çeşitlerine aktarmak için bu özelliklerin belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu amaçla şeker pancarının genetik tabanının genişletilmesi, ekolojik açıdan önemli özelliklerin korunması açısından önemlidir. Bunun için kültür pancarı ve yabani akrabalarının genetik bilgilerinin belirlenmesi ve birbirlerine göre filogenetik sınıflandırılmaları çok önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Şeker pancarı genom dizileme genetik çeşitlilik bitki ıslahı plant breeding
Kaynakça
- Andrello, Marco, et al. "Insights into the genetic relationships among plants of Beta section Beta using SNP markers." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 130.9 (2017): 1857-1866.
- Dohm, J. C. et al. The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Nature 505, 546–549 (2014).
- Felsenstein J. 2004. Inferring phylogenies. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
- Galewski, Paul, and J. Mitchell McGrath. "Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences." BMC genomics 21.1 (2020): 1-14.
- Hall BG, Barlow M. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis as a tool in molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases. Ann Epidemiol. 16: 157–169.
- Hall BG. 2011. Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
- Kubo T, Nishizawa S, Sugawara A, Itchoda N, Estiati A, Mikami T. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reveals a novel gene for tRNA(Cys)(GCA). Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 1;28(13):2571-6. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.13.2571.
- McGrath, J. M., Panella, L. & Frese, L. Beta. in Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Industrial Crops (ed. Kole, C.) (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011).
- Myers, P. (2008) Synteny: Inferring ancestral genomes. Nature Education 1(1):47.
- N. Maxted, B. V. Ford-Lloyd, S. L. Jury, S. P. Kell and M. A. Scholten, “Towards a Definition of a Crop Wild Relative,” Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 15, No. 8, 2006, pp. 2673-2685.
- Nei M, Kumar S. 2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. New York: Oxford University Press
- Özdoğan GÖ, Retinoblastom Hastalığında Yeni Nesil Dizileme Veri Analizi İle Bir Ardışık Düzenin Geliştirilmesi (Dokora Tezi, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, 2020; 18.
- Paesold, S., Borchardt, D., Schmidt, T. and Dechyeva, D. (2012) A sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reference FISH karyotype for chromosome and chromo- some-arm identification, integration of genetic linkage groups and analy- sis of major repeat family distribution. Plant J. 72, 600–611.
- Peto, F.H. ve Boyes, J.W. (1940). Comparison of diploid and triploid sugar beet. Canadian Journal of Research 18, 273-282.
- Richards, C.M., Reeves, P.A., Fenwick, A.L. and Panella, L. (2014) Genetic structure and gene flow in Beta vulgaris subspecies maritima along the Atlantic coast of France. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 61, 651–662.
- Rodríguez del Río, Álvaro, et al. "Genomes of the wild beets Beta patula and Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima." The Plant Journal 99.6 (2019): 1242-1253.
- S. D. Tanksley and S. R. McCouch, “Seed Banks and Molecular Maps: Unlocking Genetic Potential from the Wild,” Science, Vol. 277, No. 5329, 1997, pp. 1063-1066.
- Sielemann, Katharina, et al. Complete pan-plastome sequences enable high resolution phylogenetic classification of sugar beet and closely related crop wild relatives. BMC genomics, 2022, 23.1: 1-17.
- Wascher, Felix L., et al. "Genomic distances reveal relationships of wild and cultivated beets." Nature communications 13.1 (2022): 1-13.
- Winner C. History of the crop. In: Cooke DA, Scott RK, editors. The sugar beet crop. London: Chapman and Hall Publishers; 1993. p. 1–35.
- Yıldırım KÖ, Gökalp FD, Martin K. (2015). In situ Hibridizasyon Yöntemleri (In situ Hybridization Techniques). Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 3. 613-621.
Öz
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) is one of the economically important crops grown for both food and sugar production. Breeders continue breeding studies to improve plant characteristics in line with their wishes. Along with sugar beet breeding; productive, high sugar content, durable superior varieties are being developed. However, their wild relatives are used to improve traits such as low genetic diversity, disease and pest susceptibility in cultivated beets. As wild relatives are adapted to specific habitats, they constitute an important genetic resource for the beet growing pond. Obtaining information about the number, identity and diversity of genes and alleles found in beets through genome sequencing is important for introducing and developing new traits in beets. In order to transfer the tolerance and resistance traits, which are the traits found in the wild relatives of the plant, to the cultivars, these traits must be determined. For this purpose, expanding the genetic base of sugar beet is important in terms of preserving ecologically important characteristics. For this, it is very important to determine the genetic information of cultivated beet and its wild relatives and to classify them according to each other phylogenetic.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sugar beet genome sequencing genetic diversity plant breeding
Kaynakça
- Andrello, Marco, et al. "Insights into the genetic relationships among plants of Beta section Beta using SNP markers." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 130.9 (2017): 1857-1866.
- Dohm, J. C. et al. The genome of the recently domesticated crop plant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Nature 505, 546–549 (2014).
- Felsenstein J. 2004. Inferring phylogenies. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
- Galewski, Paul, and J. Mitchell McGrath. "Genetic diversity among cultivated beets (Beta vulgaris) assessed via population-based whole genome sequences." BMC genomics 21.1 (2020): 1-14.
- Hall BG, Barlow M. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis as a tool in molecular epidemiology of infectious diseases. Ann Epidemiol. 16: 157–169.
- Hall BG. 2011. Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual. 4th ed. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates.
- Kubo T, Nishizawa S, Sugawara A, Itchoda N, Estiati A, Mikami T. The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reveals a novel gene for tRNA(Cys)(GCA). Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jul 1;28(13):2571-6. doi: 10.1093/nar/28.13.2571.
- McGrath, J. M., Panella, L. & Frese, L. Beta. in Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Industrial Crops (ed. Kole, C.) (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011).
- Myers, P. (2008) Synteny: Inferring ancestral genomes. Nature Education 1(1):47.
- N. Maxted, B. V. Ford-Lloyd, S. L. Jury, S. P. Kell and M. A. Scholten, “Towards a Definition of a Crop Wild Relative,” Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 15, No. 8, 2006, pp. 2673-2685.
- Nei M, Kumar S. 2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. New York: Oxford University Press
- Özdoğan GÖ, Retinoblastom Hastalığında Yeni Nesil Dizileme Veri Analizi İle Bir Ardışık Düzenin Geliştirilmesi (Dokora Tezi, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, 2020; 18.
- Paesold, S., Borchardt, D., Schmidt, T. and Dechyeva, D. (2012) A sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) reference FISH karyotype for chromosome and chromo- some-arm identification, integration of genetic linkage groups and analy- sis of major repeat family distribution. Plant J. 72, 600–611.
- Peto, F.H. ve Boyes, J.W. (1940). Comparison of diploid and triploid sugar beet. Canadian Journal of Research 18, 273-282.
- Richards, C.M., Reeves, P.A., Fenwick, A.L. and Panella, L. (2014) Genetic structure and gene flow in Beta vulgaris subspecies maritima along the Atlantic coast of France. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 61, 651–662.
- Rodríguez del Río, Álvaro, et al. "Genomes of the wild beets Beta patula and Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima." The Plant Journal 99.6 (2019): 1242-1253.
- S. D. Tanksley and S. R. McCouch, “Seed Banks and Molecular Maps: Unlocking Genetic Potential from the Wild,” Science, Vol. 277, No. 5329, 1997, pp. 1063-1066.
- Sielemann, Katharina, et al. Complete pan-plastome sequences enable high resolution phylogenetic classification of sugar beet and closely related crop wild relatives. BMC genomics, 2022, 23.1: 1-17.
- Wascher, Felix L., et al. "Genomic distances reveal relationships of wild and cultivated beets." Nature communications 13.1 (2022): 1-13.
- Winner C. History of the crop. In: Cooke DA, Scott RK, editors. The sugar beet crop. London: Chapman and Hall Publishers; 1993. p. 1–35.
- Yıldırım KÖ, Gökalp FD, Martin K. (2015). In situ Hibridizasyon Yöntemleri (In situ Hybridization Techniques). Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 3. 613-621.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 10 Ekim 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ekim 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 9 Eylül 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
