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Lifestyle Behaviour Changes and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 624 - 638, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1146324

Öz

This study aims to identify changes in diet, physical activity, sleep duration, and lifestyle behaviors, which are the main determinants of health, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in nutrition, physical activity, and sleep patterns of 3294 adults (18-65 years old) living in Turkey were examined through an online questionnaire. Evaluation of the periods before and during the pandemic revealed a significant increase in body weight and BMI values in both genders (70.5±15.12 kg, 71.5±15.58 kg, p<0.001, 24.0±4.24 kg/m2, 24.3±4.36 kg/m2 p<0.001, respectively). The mean Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score of the participants was 7.0±2.37, with 25.0% low, 60.5% moderate, 14.5% high-level Mediterranean diet pattern. While it was found that there was a difference across genders, the physical activity duration was less than 30 minutes or 30-45 minutes in the majority of women (80.8%), and 30-45 minutes or more than 45 minutes in the majority of men (68.8%) (p<0.001). The frequency of consumption of all food groups increased significantly compared to the pre-quarantine period (p<0.001). Compared to the pre-quarantine period, the participants' water consumption (46.7%) and sleep duration (44.3%) increased, while their physical activity levels (57.5%) decreased. The results of this study confirm that nutrition and lifestyle behaviors have changed drastically during the pandemic. Based on the relationship between the immune system and nutrition, it is crucial to raise awareness in society about healthy, adequate, and balanced nutrition and a physically active life.

Kaynakça

  • Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Müller, P., Müller, N., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O.., … Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients, 12(6), 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
  • Bhutani, S., & Cooper, J. A. (2020). COVID-19-Related Home Confinement in Adults: Weight Gain Risks and Opportunities. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 28(9), 1576–1577. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22904
  • Bu, F., Bone, J. K., Mitchell, J. J., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Scientific reports, 11(1), 17723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97065-1
  • Burtscher, J., Millet, G. P., & Burtscher, M. (2021). Low cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial fitness as risk factors in viral infections: implications for COVID-19. British journal of sports medicine, 55(8), 413–415. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103572
  • Butler, M. J., & Barrientos, R. M. (2020). The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 53–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 people of any age with underlying medical conditions. Accessed Sep 15, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html..
  • da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med. 2021 Feb;21(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32728975; PMCID: PMC7387807.
  • Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., de Edelenyi, F. S., Allès, B., Andreeva, V. A., Baudry, J., Charreire, H., Deschamps, V., Egnell, M., Fezeu, L. K., Galan, P., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Latino-Martel, P., Oppert, J. M., Péneau, S., Verdot, C., Hercberg, S., & Touvier, M. (2021). Diet and physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (March-May 2020): results from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 113(4), 924–938.
  • Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Cinelli, G., Leggeri, C., Caparello, G., Barrea, L., Scerbo, F., Esposito, E., & De Lorenzo, A. (2020). Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. Journal of translational medicine, 18(1), 229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
  • Ghosal S, Arora B, Dutta K, Ghosh A, Sinha B, Misra A. Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: A cohort analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):949-952. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.020. Epub 2020 Jun 19. PMID: 32604013; PMCID: PMC7303633.
  • Giacalone, D., Frøst, M. B., & Rodríguez-Pérez, C. (2020). Reported Changes in Dietary Habits During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Danish Population: The Danish COVIDiet Study. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 592112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.592112
  • Górska, P., Górna, I., Miechowicz, I., & Przysławski, J. (2021). Changes in Eating Behaviour during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among the Inhabitants of Five European Countries. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(7), 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071624
  • Greene, M. W., Roberts, A. P., & Frugé, A. D. (2021). Negative Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths in Spain and 23 OECD Countries: An Ecological Study. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 591964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.591964
  • He M, Xian Y, Lv X, He J, Ren Y. Changes in Body Weight, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle During the Semi-lockdown Period After the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: An Online Survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020 Jul 14:1-6. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.237. Epub ahead of print.
  • Janssen, M., Chang, B., Hristov, H., Pravst, I., Profeta, A., & Millard, J. (2021). Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Consumer Survey Data From the First Lockdown Period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 635859.
  • Lewnard, J. A., & Lo, N. C. (2020). Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 20(6), 631–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30190-0
  • Martínez-de-Quel, Ó., Suárez-Iglesias, D., López-Flores, M., & Pérez, C. A. (2021). Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study. Appetite, 158, 105019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105019
  • Martínez-González, M. A., García-Arellano, A., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., Covas, M. I., Schröder, H., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Fiol, M., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V … PREDIMED Study Investigators (2012). A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PloS one, 7(8), e43134.
  • Matsungo, T. M., & Chopera, P. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on nutrition, health and lifestyle patterns among adults in Zimbabwe. BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 3(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000124
  • Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, Belcastro S, Crespi C, De Michieli F, Ghigo E, Broglio F, Bo S. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 7;12(7):2016. doi: 10.3390/nu12072016. PMID: 32645970; PMCID: PMC7400808.
  • Peña, J. E., Rascón-Pacheco, R. A., Ascencio-Montiel, I. J., González-Figueroa, E., Fernández-Gárate, J. E., Medina-Gómez, O. S., Borja-Bustamante, P., Santillán-Oropeza, J. A., & Borja-Aburto, V. H. (2021). Hypertension, Diabetes and Obesity, Major Risk Factors for Death in Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Archives of medical research, 52(4), 443–449.
  • Poskute, A. S., Nzesi, A., & Geliebter, A. (2021). Changes in food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Appetite, 163, 105191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105191
  • Reyes-Olavarría, D., Latorre-Román, P. Á., Guzmán-Guzmán, I. P., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Caamaño-Navarrete, F., & Delgado-Floody, P. (2020). Positive and Negative Changes in Food Habits, Physical Activity Patterns, and Weight Status during COVID-19 Confinement: Associated Factors in the Chilean Population. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5431.
  • Rezaei, N., & Grandner, M. A. (2021). Changes in sleep duration, timing, and variability during the COVID-19 pandemic: Large-scale Fitbit data from 6 major US cities. Sleep health, 7(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.008
  • Robbins, R., Affouf, M., Weaver, M. D., Czeisler, M. É., Barger, L. K., Quan, S. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2021). Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e20546. https://doi.org/10.2196/20546
  • Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, Ruíz-López MD. Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1730. doi: 10.3390/nu12061730. PMID: 32531892; PMCID: PMC7353108.
  • Sallis, J. F., Adlakha, D., Oyeyemi, A., & Salvo, D. (2020). An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform coronavirus disease-2019 policies and practices. Journal of sport and health science, 9(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.005
  • Sallis, R., Young, D. R., Tartof, S. Y., Sallis, J. F., Sall, J., Li, Q., Smith, G. N., & Cohen, D. A. (2021). Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. British journal of sports medicine, 55(19), 1099–1105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080
  • Sidor, A., & Rzymski, P. (2020). Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12(6), 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
  • Suresh, S., Siddiqui, M., Abu Ghanimeh, M., Jou, J., Simmer, S., Mendiratta, V., Russell, S., Al-Shammari, M., Chatfield, A., Alsheik, E., Dang, D., Genaw, J., & Zuchelli, T. (2021). Association of obesity with illness severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Obesity research & clinical practice, 15(2), 172–176.
  • Urzeala C, Duclos M, Chris Ugbolue U, Bota A, Berthon M, Kulik K, Thivel D, Bagheri R, Gu Y, Baker JS, Andant N, Pereira B, Rouffiac K; Covistress Network, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. COVID-19 lockdown consequences on body mass index and perceived fragility related to physical activity: A worldwide cohort study. Health Expect. 2022 Apr;25(2):522-531.
  • Woods, J. A., Hutchinson, N. T., Powers, S. K., Roberts, W. O., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., Radak, Z., Berkes, I., Boros, A., Boldogh, I., Leeuwenburgh, C., Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Marzetti, E., Cheng, Y., Liu, J., Durstine, J. L., Sun, J., & Ji, L. L. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports medicine and health science, 2(2), 55–64.

COVID-19 Pandemisi Sırasında Yaşam Tarzı Davranış Değişiklikleri ve Akdeniz Diyetine Uyum: Türkiye'den Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 624 - 638, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1146324

Öz

Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sağlığın temel belirleyicileri olan diyet, fiziksel aktivite, uyku süresi ve yaşam tarzı davranışlarındaki değişiklikleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye'de yaşayan 3294 yetişkinin (18-65 yaş) beslenme, fiziksel aktivite ve uyku düzenindeki değişiklikler online bir anket aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Pandemi öncesi ve pandemi sırasındaki dönemler değerlendirildiğinde her iki cinsiyette (70.5±15.12 kg, 71.5±15.58 kg, p<0.001, 24.0±4.24 kg/m2, 24.3±4.36 kg/m2 p<0.001, sırasıyla) vücut ağırlığı ve beden kütle indeksi değerlerinde anlamlı artış saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların ortalama Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum Puanı 7.0±2.37 olup, %25,0 düşük, %60,5 orta, %14,5 yüksek düzeyde Akdeniz diyeti örüntüsüne sahiptir. Cinsiyetler arasında fark bulunurken, fiziksel aktivite süresinin kadınların çoğunluğunda (%80,8) 30 dakikadan az veya 30-45 dakika, erkeklerin çoğunluğunda (%68,8) ise 30-45 dakika veya 45 dakikadan fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). Tüm besin gruplarının tüketim sıklığı karantina öncesine göre anlamlı olarak artış göstermiştir (p<0,001). Karantina öncesi döneme göre katılımcıların su tüketimi (%46,7) ve uyku süreleri (%44,3) artarken, fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri (%57,5) azalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, pandemi sırasında beslenme ve yaşam tarzı davranışlarının büyük ölçüde değiştiğini doğrulamaktadır. Bağışıklık sistemi ve beslenme arasındaki ilişkiye dayanarak, toplumda sağlıklı, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme ve fiziksel olarak aktif bir yaşam hakkında farkındalık yaratmak çok önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Müller, P., Müller, N., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O.., … Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients, 12(6), 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
  • Bhutani, S., & Cooper, J. A. (2020). COVID-19-Related Home Confinement in Adults: Weight Gain Risks and Opportunities. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 28(9), 1576–1577. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22904
  • Bu, F., Bone, J. K., Mitchell, J. J., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Scientific reports, 11(1), 17723. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97065-1
  • Burtscher, J., Millet, G. P., & Burtscher, M. (2021). Low cardiorespiratory and mitochondrial fitness as risk factors in viral infections: implications for COVID-19. British journal of sports medicine, 55(8), 413–415. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103572
  • Butler, M. J., & Barrientos, R. M. (2020). The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 53–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.040
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. COVID-19 people of any age with underlying medical conditions. Accessed Sep 15, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html..
  • da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med. 2021 Feb;21(1):15-28. doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3. Epub 2020 Jul 29. PMID: 32728975; PMCID: PMC7387807.
  • Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., de Edelenyi, F. S., Allès, B., Andreeva, V. A., Baudry, J., Charreire, H., Deschamps, V., Egnell, M., Fezeu, L. K., Galan, P., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Latino-Martel, P., Oppert, J. M., Péneau, S., Verdot, C., Hercberg, S., & Touvier, M. (2021). Diet and physical activity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown (March-May 2020): results from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 113(4), 924–938.
  • Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Cinelli, G., Leggeri, C., Caparello, G., Barrea, L., Scerbo, F., Esposito, E., & De Lorenzo, A. (2020). Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. Journal of translational medicine, 18(1), 229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
  • Ghosal S, Arora B, Dutta K, Ghosh A, Sinha B, Misra A. Increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes during lockdown for the COVID19 pandemic in India: A cohort analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Sep-Oct;14(5):949-952. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.020. Epub 2020 Jun 19. PMID: 32604013; PMCID: PMC7303633.
  • Giacalone, D., Frøst, M. B., & Rodríguez-Pérez, C. (2020). Reported Changes in Dietary Habits During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Danish Population: The Danish COVIDiet Study. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 592112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.592112
  • Górska, P., Górna, I., Miechowicz, I., & Przysławski, J. (2021). Changes in Eating Behaviour during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among the Inhabitants of Five European Countries. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(7), 1624. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10071624
  • Greene, M. W., Roberts, A. P., & Frugé, A. D. (2021). Negative Association Between Mediterranean Diet Adherence and COVID-19 Cases and Related Deaths in Spain and 23 OECD Countries: An Ecological Study. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 591964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.591964
  • He M, Xian Y, Lv X, He J, Ren Y. Changes in Body Weight, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle During the Semi-lockdown Period After the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China: An Online Survey. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020 Jul 14:1-6. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.237. Epub ahead of print.
  • Janssen, M., Chang, B., Hristov, H., Pravst, I., Profeta, A., & Millard, J. (2021). Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Consumer Survey Data From the First Lockdown Period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 635859.
  • Lewnard, J. A., & Lo, N. C. (2020). Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 20(6), 631–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30190-0
  • Martínez-de-Quel, Ó., Suárez-Iglesias, D., López-Flores, M., & Pérez, C. A. (2021). Physical activity, dietary habits and sleep quality before and during COVID-19 lockdown: A longitudinal study. Appetite, 158, 105019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105019
  • Martínez-González, M. A., García-Arellano, A., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Buil-Cosiales, P., Corella, D., Covas, M. I., Schröder, H., Arós, F., Gómez-Gracia, E., Fiol, M., Ruiz-Gutiérrez, V … PREDIMED Study Investigators (2012). A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PloS one, 7(8), e43134.
  • Matsungo, T. M., & Chopera, P. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on nutrition, health and lifestyle patterns among adults in Zimbabwe. BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 3(2), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000124
  • Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, Belcastro S, Crespi C, De Michieli F, Ghigo E, Broglio F, Bo S. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 7;12(7):2016. doi: 10.3390/nu12072016. PMID: 32645970; PMCID: PMC7400808.
  • Peña, J. E., Rascón-Pacheco, R. A., Ascencio-Montiel, I. J., González-Figueroa, E., Fernández-Gárate, J. E., Medina-Gómez, O. S., Borja-Bustamante, P., Santillán-Oropeza, J. A., & Borja-Aburto, V. H. (2021). Hypertension, Diabetes and Obesity, Major Risk Factors for Death in Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Archives of medical research, 52(4), 443–449.
  • Poskute, A. S., Nzesi, A., & Geliebter, A. (2021). Changes in food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Appetite, 163, 105191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105191
  • Reyes-Olavarría, D., Latorre-Román, P. Á., Guzmán-Guzmán, I. P., Jerez-Mayorga, D., Caamaño-Navarrete, F., & Delgado-Floody, P. (2020). Positive and Negative Changes in Food Habits, Physical Activity Patterns, and Weight Status during COVID-19 Confinement: Associated Factors in the Chilean Population. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5431.
  • Rezaei, N., & Grandner, M. A. (2021). Changes in sleep duration, timing, and variability during the COVID-19 pandemic: Large-scale Fitbit data from 6 major US cities. Sleep health, 7(3), 303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2021.02.008
  • Robbins, R., Affouf, M., Weaver, M. D., Czeisler, M. É., Barger, L. K., Quan, S. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2021). Estimated Sleep Duration Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Major Metropolitan Areas on Different Continents: Observational Study of Smartphone App Data. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(2), e20546. https://doi.org/10.2196/20546
  • Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Montes E, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández EJ, Ruíz-López MD. Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1730. doi: 10.3390/nu12061730. PMID: 32531892; PMCID: PMC7353108.
  • Sallis, J. F., Adlakha, D., Oyeyemi, A., & Salvo, D. (2020). An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform coronavirus disease-2019 policies and practices. Journal of sport and health science, 9(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.005
  • Sallis, R., Young, D. R., Tartof, S. Y., Sallis, J. F., Sall, J., Li, Q., Smith, G. N., & Cohen, D. A. (2021). Physical inactivity is associated with a higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes: a study in 48 440 adult patients. British journal of sports medicine, 55(19), 1099–1105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104080
  • Sidor, A., & Rzymski, P. (2020). Dietary Choices and Habits during COVID-19 Lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12(6), 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
  • Suresh, S., Siddiqui, M., Abu Ghanimeh, M., Jou, J., Simmer, S., Mendiratta, V., Russell, S., Al-Shammari, M., Chatfield, A., Alsheik, E., Dang, D., Genaw, J., & Zuchelli, T. (2021). Association of obesity with illness severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study. Obesity research & clinical practice, 15(2), 172–176.
  • Urzeala C, Duclos M, Chris Ugbolue U, Bota A, Berthon M, Kulik K, Thivel D, Bagheri R, Gu Y, Baker JS, Andant N, Pereira B, Rouffiac K; Covistress Network, Clinchamps M, Dutheil F. COVID-19 lockdown consequences on body mass index and perceived fragility related to physical activity: A worldwide cohort study. Health Expect. 2022 Apr;25(2):522-531.
  • Woods, J. A., Hutchinson, N. T., Powers, S. K., Roberts, W. O., Gomez-Cabrera, M. C., Radak, Z., Berkes, I., Boros, A., Boldogh, I., Leeuwenburgh, C., Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Marzetti, E., Cheng, Y., Liu, J., Durstine, J. L., Sun, J., & Ji, L. L. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports medicine and health science, 2(2), 55–64.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beslenme ve Diyetetik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Neda Yousefirad 0000-0003-1141-5730

Fatma Elif Sezer 0000-0002-3399-0229

Merve Pehlivan 0000-0002-5863-5258

Fatmanur Özyürek 0000-0002-3157-8257

Hande Bakırhan 0000-0001-9377-888X

Volkan Özkaya 0000-0001-7576-2083

İdil Alpat 0000-0002-0388-1267

Hazal Dişlitaş Samur 0000-0001-9887-3261

Gülgün Ersoy 0000-0001-8345-5489

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yousefirad, N., Sezer, F. E., Pehlivan, M., Özyürek, F., vd. (2022). Lifestyle Behaviour Changes and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Turkey. Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 624-638. https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1146324