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Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 53 Sayı: 2, 193 - 198, 30.08.2023

Burcu Sümer Tüzün Tuğçe Fafal Recep İlhan Bijen Kıvçak Petek Ballar Kırmızıbayrak

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165

Öz

Background and Aims: The study aims to examine the antioxidant , tyrosinase inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsaceae (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter in order to evaluate the results regarding different polarities.
Methods: The study evaluates the total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extract sand the in vitro antioxidant activities using the DPPH, ABTS, superoxide radical, and nitric oxide scavenging activities. Tyrosinase inhibitor activity was identified by Masuda’s method. Cytotoxicity was investigated using the MTT assay.
Results: The A. aciphylla var. aciphylla methanol extract (AAM) was the most active extract in term of overall antioxidant activity. The IC50 values for DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radical activity were found to be 19.57, 46.82, and 5.610 µg/ mL, respectively. Nitric oxide scavenging activity percent inhibition of the AAM was 46.47%. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of AAM, was also the most effective, thus confirming the study’s hypothesis. Moreover, no cytotoxic activity was observed to be present in the extracts with biological activity.
Conclusion: According to the hypothesis, the tyrosinase inhibitor effect should be observed mostly in extracts and compounds that show the high antioxidant activity mostly originating from phenolic substances. AAM confirmed this hypothesis as the most active extract regarding both the tyrosinase inhibitor effect as well as antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the MTT assay was used to find AAM to be non-cytotoxic at the tested concentrationsThis indicates AAM to be able to be used more reliably in medicine and as a food preservative.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthemis Cota antioxidant activity cytotoxic activity tyrosinase inhibitor activity

Destekleyen Kurum

EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Proje Numarası

22424

Teşekkür

Ege University RECTORATE Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, S., Atasagun, B., & Aksoy, A. (2017). Comparison of phe-nolic components and biological activities of two Centaurea sp. obtained by three extraction techniques. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine Med, 10(6), 599- 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. apjtm.2017.06.010 google scholar
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and present) (1), Istanbul: Publication of Istanbul University. google scholar
  • Belhaoues, S., Amri, S., & Bensouilah, M. (2020). Major phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Anthemis praecox Link aerial parts. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 200205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.02.018 google scholar
  • Bursal, E., Aras, A., Kılıç, Ö., & Buldurun, K. (2020). Chemical con-stituent and radical scavenging antioxidant activity of Anthemis kotschyana Boiss. Natural Product Research, online. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1723089. google scholar
  • Chemsa, A.E., Zellagui, A., Öztürk, M., Erol, E., Ceylan, Ö. et al. (2018). Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimi-crobial and antibiofilm activities of essential oil and methanolic extract of Anthemis stiparum subsp. sabulicola (Pomel) Oberpr, Microbial Pathogenesis, 119, 233- 240. google scholar
  • Davis, PH. (1984). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Edin-burgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Emir, A and Emir C. (2020). Anthemis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria L. Bitkisine Ait Fenolik Bileşiklerin LC-ESIMS/MS ile Miktar Tayini ve Bitkinin Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. GUSTIJ, 10(4), 996- 1006. Esmaeili, MA.,& Sonboli, A. (2010). Antioxidant, free radical scav-enging activities of Salvia branchyantha and its protective effect against oxidative cell injury. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 846-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.020 google scholar
  • Fuchs-Tarlovsky, V. (2013). Role of Antioxidants in cancer therapy. Nutrition, 29 (1), 15-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.014 Gomez-Cordoves, C., Bartalome, B., Vieira, W., Virador, VM. (2001). Effects of Wine Phenolics and Sorghum Tannins on Tyrosinase Activity and Growth of Melanoma Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (3), 1620-1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ jf001116h google scholar
  • Göger, G., Allak, M., Şen, A., Göger, F., Tekin, M., Ozek, G. (2021). As-sessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composi-tion and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimi-crobial activities. Zeitschrift für Naturforsch C Journal of Bioscience, 9(76), 7-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2020-0257 google scholar
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, MT. (edlr.). (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. google scholar
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, KHC. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (11), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Gür M., Güder A., Verep D., Güney K., Özkan OE., Seki N., Kandemir-li F. (2018). Some Important Plants for Epilepsy Treatment: Antioxi-dant Activity and Flavonoid Compositions, Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci, 42, 1847-1857. google scholar
  • Gürhan, G., & Ezer, N. (2004). Halk Arasında Hemoroit Tedavisinde Kullanılan Bitkiler I. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Phar-macy, 2, 37-60. google scholar
  • Honda, G., Yeşilada, E., & Tabata, M. (1996). Traditional Medicine in Turkey. VI. Folk Medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın Provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 5, 75-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01426-2 google scholar
  • Karadeniz, A., Çinbilgel, İ., Gün, S.Ş., & Çetin, A. (2015). Antioxi-dant activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Natural Product Research, 29(24), 2308-2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478641 9.2015.1005618 google scholar
  • Kultur, S. (2007). Medicinal Plants Used in Kırklareli Provience (Tur-key). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111, 341-364. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.035 google scholar
  • Masuda, T., Yamashita, D., Takeda, Y., & Yonemori, S. (2005). Screen-ing for tyrosinase inhibitors among extracts of seashore plants and identification of potent inhibitors from Garcinia subelliptica. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 69, 197-201. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.197 google scholar
  • Orlando, G., Zengin, G., Ferrante, C., Ronci, M., Recinella, L., Şenkardeş, İ.....Menghini, L. (2019). Comprehensive Chemical google scholar
  • profiling and multidirectional biological investigation of two wild Anthemis species (Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida and A. cretica sub-sp. tenuiloba. Focus on Neuroprotective Effects Molecules, 24, 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142582 google scholar
  • Ozek, G., Özbek, M.U., Yur, S., Göger, F., Arslan, M., & Özek, T. (2019). Assesment of endemic Cota fulvida (Asteracea) for phytochemi-cal composition and inhibitory activities against oxidation, a-amylase, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase en-zymes. Records of Natural Products, 13(4), 333- 345. http://dx.doi. org/10.25135/rnp.109.18.09.875 google scholar
  • Patel, A., Patel, A., & Patel, NM. (2010). Determination of polyphe-nols and free radical scavenging activity of Tephrosia pupurea linn leaves. Pharmacognosy Research, 2, 152-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.4103/0974-8490.65509 google scholar
  • Rer, A., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannola, A., Yong, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231-1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3 google scholar
  • Sarıkürkçü C. (2020). Anthemis chia: Biological capacity and phy-tochemistry. Industrial Crops and Products, 153, 112578. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112578 google scholar
  • Sun, Y.S., Zhao, Z., Yang, Z.N., Xu, F., Lu, H.J., Zhu, Z.Y.....Zhu, H-P (2017). Risk factors and preventions of breast cancer. International Journal of Biological Science, 13(11), 1387-1397, http://dx.doi, org/10.7150/ijbs.21635 google scholar
  • Sut, S., Dall’Acqua, S., Zengin, G., Senkardes, İ., Bulut, G., Cvetanovic, A......Mahomoodally, F. (2019). Influence of different extraction techniques on the chemical profile and biological properties of Anthemis cotula L.: Multifuncitonal aspects for potential pharma-ceutical applications. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sci-ence, 173, 75-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.028 google scholar
  • Şener, İ., Gür, M., Verep, D., Güney, K. and Altuner, E.M. (2017). An-timicrobial Activities and Some Flavonoids in Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51, 234-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.20 google scholar
  • Talhouk, R.S., Nasr, B., Fares, M.B., Ajeeb, B., Nahhas, R., Aaraj, L.A......Saliba, N.A. (2015) Anti-inflammatory and cytostatic acitivities of a parthenolide-like sesquiterpene lactone from Cota palaestina subsp. syriaca. Evidence Based Complemantary Alterna-tive Medicine, 2015, 1- 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/474597 google scholar
  • Ugurlu, E., & Secmen, O. (2008). Medicinal Plants Popularly Used in the Villages of Yunt Mountain (Manisa Turkey). Fitoterapia, 79, 126-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.016 google scholar
  • Venza, I., Venza, M., Visalli, M., Lentini, G., Teti, D., & d’Alcontres, FS. (2021). ROS as regulators of cellular process in melanoma. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, Article ID 1208690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1208690. google scholar
  • Wang, H.M., Chou, Y.T., Hong, Z.L., Chen, H.A., Chang, Y.C., Yang, W.L......Chen, C-Y. (2011). Bioconstituents from stems of Synse-palum dulcificum Daniell. (Sapotaceae) inhibit human melanoma proliferation, reduce mushroom tyrosinase activity and have anti-oxidant properties. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engi-neers, 42(2), 204-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.05.008 google scholar
  • Wang, Y., Hao, M.M., Sun, Y., Wang, L.F., Wang, H., Zhan, Y.J..........Yang, Z. (2018). Synergistic promotion on tyrosinase inhibition by antioxidants. Molecules, 23, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/mol-ecules23010106 google scholar
  • Wang, Y.X., Su, W.C., Wang, O., Lin, Y.F., Zhou, Y., Lin, L-F..........Shi, Y. (2019). Antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of guani-dine compounds and effect of guanylthiourea on melanogen-esis. Process Biochemistry, 85, 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. procbio.2019.07.003 google scholar
  • Witgen, H.G.M., & Kempen, L.C.L.T.V. (2007). Reactive oxy-gen species in melanoma and its therapeutic implications. Melanoma Research, 17(6), 400-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ CMR.0b013e3282f1d312 google scholar
  • Zengin, G., Aktümsek, A., Güler, G.Ö., Çakmak, Y.S., & Yıldıztugay, E. (2011). Antioxidant properties of methanolic extract and fatty acid composition of Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wa-genitz. Records of Natural Products, 5, 123-132. Couldn’t reach the doi number style. google scholar
  • Zolghadri, S., Bahrami, A., Khan, M.T.H., Munoz-Munoz, J., Garcia-Molina, F., Garcia-Canovas, F.........Saboury, A.A. (2019). A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34, 279-309. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767 google scholar

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 53 Sayı: 2, 193 - 198, 30.08.2023

Burcu Sümer Tüzün Tuğçe Fafal Recep İlhan Bijen Kıvçak Petek Ballar Kırmızıbayrak

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165

Öz

Proje Numarası

22424

Kaynakça

  • Albayrak, S., Atasagun, B., & Aksoy, A. (2017). Comparison of phe-nolic components and biological activities of two Centaurea sp. obtained by three extraction techniques. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine Med, 10(6), 599- 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. apjtm.2017.06.010 google scholar
  • Baytop, T. (1984). Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey (past and present) (1), Istanbul: Publication of Istanbul University. google scholar
  • Belhaoues, S., Amri, S., & Bensouilah, M. (2020). Major phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Anthemis praecox Link aerial parts. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 200205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.02.018 google scholar
  • Bursal, E., Aras, A., Kılıç, Ö., & Buldurun, K. (2020). Chemical con-stituent and radical scavenging antioxidant activity of Anthemis kotschyana Boiss. Natural Product Research, online. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1723089. google scholar
  • Chemsa, A.E., Zellagui, A., Öztürk, M., Erol, E., Ceylan, Ö. et al. (2018). Chemical composition, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antimi-crobial and antibiofilm activities of essential oil and methanolic extract of Anthemis stiparum subsp. sabulicola (Pomel) Oberpr, Microbial Pathogenesis, 119, 233- 240. google scholar
  • Davis, PH. (1984). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Edin-burgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Emir, A and Emir C. (2020). Anthemis tinctoria L. var. tinctoria L. Bitkisine Ait Fenolik Bileşiklerin LC-ESIMS/MS ile Miktar Tayini ve Bitkinin Biyolojik Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. GUSTIJ, 10(4), 996- 1006. Esmaeili, MA.,& Sonboli, A. (2010). Antioxidant, free radical scav-enging activities of Salvia branchyantha and its protective effect against oxidative cell injury. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48, 846-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.020 google scholar
  • Fuchs-Tarlovsky, V. (2013). Role of Antioxidants in cancer therapy. Nutrition, 29 (1), 15-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.014 Gomez-Cordoves, C., Bartalome, B., Vieira, W., Virador, VM. (2001). Effects of Wine Phenolics and Sorghum Tannins on Tyrosinase Activity and Growth of Melanoma Cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (3), 1620-1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ jf001116h google scholar
  • Göger, G., Allak, M., Şen, A., Göger, F., Tekin, M., Ozek, G. (2021). As-sessment of Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay for phytochemical composi-tion and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antimi-crobial activities. Zeitschrift für Naturforsch C Journal of Bioscience, 9(76), 7-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2020-0257 google scholar
  • Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, MT. (edlr.). (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. google scholar
  • Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Baser, KHC. (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (11), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
  • Gür M., Güder A., Verep D., Güney K., Özkan OE., Seki N., Kandemir-li F. (2018). Some Important Plants for Epilepsy Treatment: Antioxi-dant Activity and Flavonoid Compositions, Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci, 42, 1847-1857. google scholar
  • Gürhan, G., & Ezer, N. (2004). Halk Arasında Hemoroit Tedavisinde Kullanılan Bitkiler I. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Phar-macy, 2, 37-60. google scholar
  • Honda, G., Yeşilada, E., & Tabata, M. (1996). Traditional Medicine in Turkey. VI. Folk Medicine in West Anatolia: Afyon, Kütahya, Denizli, Muğla, Aydın Provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 5, 75-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01426-2 google scholar
  • Karadeniz, A., Çinbilgel, İ., Gün, S.Ş., & Çetin, A. (2015). Antioxi-dant activity of some Turkish medicinal plants. Natural Product Research, 29(24), 2308-2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478641 9.2015.1005618 google scholar
  • Kultur, S. (2007). Medicinal Plants Used in Kırklareli Provience (Tur-key). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111, 341-364. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.035 google scholar
  • Masuda, T., Yamashita, D., Takeda, Y., & Yonemori, S. (2005). Screen-ing for tyrosinase inhibitors among extracts of seashore plants and identification of potent inhibitors from Garcinia subelliptica. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 69, 197-201. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.197 google scholar
  • Orlando, G., Zengin, G., Ferrante, C., Ronci, M., Recinella, L., Şenkardeş, İ.....Menghini, L. (2019). Comprehensive Chemical google scholar
  • profiling and multidirectional biological investigation of two wild Anthemis species (Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida and A. cretica sub-sp. tenuiloba. Focus on Neuroprotective Effects Molecules, 24, 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142582 google scholar
  • Ozek, G., Özbek, M.U., Yur, S., Göger, F., Arslan, M., & Özek, T. (2019). Assesment of endemic Cota fulvida (Asteracea) for phytochemi-cal composition and inhibitory activities against oxidation, a-amylase, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase en-zymes. Records of Natural Products, 13(4), 333- 345. http://dx.doi. org/10.25135/rnp.109.18.09.875 google scholar
  • Patel, A., Patel, A., & Patel, NM. (2010). Determination of polyphe-nols and free radical scavenging activity of Tephrosia pupurea linn leaves. Pharmacognosy Research, 2, 152-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.4103/0974-8490.65509 google scholar
  • Rer, A., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannola, A., Yong, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231-1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3 google scholar
  • Sarıkürkçü C. (2020). Anthemis chia: Biological capacity and phy-tochemistry. Industrial Crops and Products, 153, 112578. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112578 google scholar
  • Sun, Y.S., Zhao, Z., Yang, Z.N., Xu, F., Lu, H.J., Zhu, Z.Y.....Zhu, H-P (2017). Risk factors and preventions of breast cancer. International Journal of Biological Science, 13(11), 1387-1397, http://dx.doi, org/10.7150/ijbs.21635 google scholar
  • Sut, S., Dall’Acqua, S., Zengin, G., Senkardes, İ., Bulut, G., Cvetanovic, A......Mahomoodally, F. (2019). Influence of different extraction techniques on the chemical profile and biological properties of Anthemis cotula L.: Multifuncitonal aspects for potential pharma-ceutical applications. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sci-ence, 173, 75-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.028 google scholar
  • Şener, İ., Gür, M., Verep, D., Güney, K. and Altuner, E.M. (2017). An-timicrobial Activities and Some Flavonoids in Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51, 234-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.20 google scholar
  • Talhouk, R.S., Nasr, B., Fares, M.B., Ajeeb, B., Nahhas, R., Aaraj, L.A......Saliba, N.A. (2015) Anti-inflammatory and cytostatic acitivities of a parthenolide-like sesquiterpene lactone from Cota palaestina subsp. syriaca. Evidence Based Complemantary Alterna-tive Medicine, 2015, 1- 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/474597 google scholar
  • Ugurlu, E., & Secmen, O. (2008). Medicinal Plants Popularly Used in the Villages of Yunt Mountain (Manisa Turkey). Fitoterapia, 79, 126-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.016 google scholar
  • Venza, I., Venza, M., Visalli, M., Lentini, G., Teti, D., & d’Alcontres, FS. (2021). ROS as regulators of cellular process in melanoma. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, Article ID 1208690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1208690. google scholar
  • Wang, H.M., Chou, Y.T., Hong, Z.L., Chen, H.A., Chang, Y.C., Yang, W.L......Chen, C-Y. (2011). Bioconstituents from stems of Synse-palum dulcificum Daniell. (Sapotaceae) inhibit human melanoma proliferation, reduce mushroom tyrosinase activity and have anti-oxidant properties. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engi-neers, 42(2), 204-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.05.008 google scholar
  • Wang, Y., Hao, M.M., Sun, Y., Wang, L.F., Wang, H., Zhan, Y.J..........Yang, Z. (2018). Synergistic promotion on tyrosinase inhibition by antioxidants. Molecules, 23, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/mol-ecules23010106 google scholar
  • Wang, Y.X., Su, W.C., Wang, O., Lin, Y.F., Zhou, Y., Lin, L-F..........Shi, Y. (2019). Antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of guani-dine compounds and effect of guanylthiourea on melanogen-esis. Process Biochemistry, 85, 84-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. procbio.2019.07.003 google scholar
  • Witgen, H.G.M., & Kempen, L.C.L.T.V. (2007). Reactive oxy-gen species in melanoma and its therapeutic implications. Melanoma Research, 17(6), 400-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ CMR.0b013e3282f1d312 google scholar
  • Zengin, G., Aktümsek, A., Güler, G.Ö., Çakmak, Y.S., & Yıldıztugay, E. (2011). Antioxidant properties of methanolic extract and fatty acid composition of Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wa-genitz. Records of Natural Products, 5, 123-132. Couldn’t reach the doi number style. google scholar
  • Zolghadri, S., Bahrami, A., Khan, M.T.H., Munoz-Munoz, J., Garcia-Molina, F., Garcia-Canovas, F.........Saboury, A.A. (2019). A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34, 279-309. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767 google scholar
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Burcu Sümer Tüzün 0000-0002-7340-9750

Tuğçe Fafal 0000-0002-7445-5855

Recep İlhan 0000-0002-9328-2216

Bijen Kıvçak 0000-0001-7645-1930

Petek Ballar Kırmızıbayrak 0000-0002-6189-1818

Proje Numarası 22424
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 53 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sümer Tüzün, B., Fafal, T., İlhan, R., Kıvçak, B., vd. (2023). Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 53(2), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165
AMA Sümer Tüzün B, Fafal T, İlhan R, Kıvçak B, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P. Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter. iujp. Ağustos 2023;53(2):193-198. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165
Chicago Sümer Tüzün, Burcu, Tuğçe Fafal, Recep İlhan, Bijen Kıvçak, ve Petek Ballar Kırmızıbayrak. “Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Effects of Anthemis Aciphylla Boiss. Var. Aciphylla and Cota Dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2023): 193-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165.
EndNote Sümer Tüzün B, Fafal T, İlhan R, Kıvçak B, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P (01 Ağustos 2023) Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53 2 193–198.
IEEE B. Sümer Tüzün, T. Fafal, R. İlhan, B. Kıvçak, ve P. Ballar Kırmızıbayrak, “Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter”, iujp, c. 53, sy. 2, ss. 193–198, 2023, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165.
ISNAD Sümer Tüzün, Burcu vd. “Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Effects of Anthemis Aciphylla Boiss. Var. Aciphylla and Cota Dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 53/2 (Ağustos 2023), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165.
JAMA Sümer Tüzün B, Fafal T, İlhan R, Kıvçak B, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P. Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter. iujp. 2023;53:193–198.
MLA Sümer Tüzün, Burcu vd. “Antioxidant, Tyrosinase Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Effects of Anthemis Aciphylla Boiss. Var. Aciphylla and Cota Dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, c. 53, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 193-8, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2023.1202165.
Vancouver Sümer Tüzün B, Fafal T, İlhan R, Kıvçak B, Ballar Kırmızıbayrak P. Antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic effects of Anthemis aciphylla Boiss. var. aciphylla and Cota dipsacea (Bornm.) Oberpr. & Greuter. iujp. 2023;53(2):193-8.
 Kapak Resmi İndir