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Cancer preventive and neuroprotective potentials of red hulls, kernels and oleo-gum resins from Pistachio

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 137 - 143, 27.09.2019

Sevgi Gezici

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.3.4
Cited By: 5

Öz




This research was performed
to assess cancer prevention and neuroprotective capacities of different parts
of Pistachio (Pistachio vera L.). Red
hulls, kernels and oleo-gum resins of Pistachio were extracted with
methanol-MeOH and distilled water-dH2O, and subjected to in vitro biological assays varying from
100 to 1000 μg mL−1 concentrations. Their anticancer activities were
evaluated against A549, MCF-7, and HeLa human cancer cells. Neuroprotective
activities of the extracts were tested through enzyme inhibition on AChE, BChE,
and TYR, which are closely related to pathogenesis of neurobiological disorders,
particularly Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases. Due to cancer and
neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative damage, the extracts
were analyzed for their antioxidant activities. With
respect to free radical scavenging activities of the extracts, red hull
extracts were found as the most potent ones both DPPH (67.95±1.13 to
80.55±0.12%) and ABTS (86.92±0.10 to 92.04±1.06%) radicals. The highest
anticancer activity were determined in MeOH and dH2O extracts
obtained from oleo-gum resin against HeLa cells (IC50 = 18.50±0.85
and 28.97±0.08
µg mL-1, p< 0.01, respectively), whilst dH2O-kernel
extract was found to have the weakest anticancer activity towards A549 cells
(IC50 = 268.66±1.02 µg mL-1, p< 0.01). Neuroprotective
potentials on AChE and BChE enzymes were resulted in the superiority of dH2O-red
hull extract was exerted the highest inhibition on AChE and BChE enzymes with 81.50±0.08
and 62.96±1.01% inhibition, respectively. However, dH2O extract from
oleo-gum resin showed the highest inhibitory effect on TYR enzyme (58.16±0.18% inhibition). P. vera is of valuable nutritional source
for human diet. Other than kernel parts used as food, waste parts like red
hulls and oleo-gum resins have been proven as a potential pharmacological
source. Consequently, this study reveals that non-food parts of Pistachio could
be valuable source for pharmaceutical industry.  



Anahtar Kelimeler

Pistachio cancer prevention neuroprotective antioxidant enzyme inhibition

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank Advanced Technology Application and Research Center (ATARC), Kilis 7 Aralik University for their technical support.

Kaynakça

  • Almehdar, H., Abdallah, H.M., Osman, A.M., Abdel-Sattar, E.A. (2012). In vitro cytotoxic screening of selected Saudi medicinal plants. Journal of Natural Medicines, 66(2), 406-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0589-8.
  • Belkhodja, H., Meddah, B., Gezici S. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis and Populus alba on Experimental Models of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.8.
  • Benamar, H., Rached, W., Derdour, A., Marouf, A. (2010). Screening of Algerian medicinal plants for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(1), 1- https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.1.9.
  • Bozorgi, M., Memariani, Z., Mobli, M., Salehi Surmaghi, M. H., Shams-Ardekani, M. R., Rahimi, R. (2013). Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): a review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. The Scientific World Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815.
  • Das, K. and Gezici, S. (2018). Secondary plant metabolites, their separation and identification, and role in human disease prevention. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2018.7.2.3.
  • Das, K., Khan, M.S., Namratha, N., Swetha, R., Gezici, S. (2019). Comparative phytochemical screening, elemental content and chromatographic evaluation for detection and quantification of polyphenolic compounds for strong antioxidant activity of various extracts of Abutilon indicum (Link) Sweet leaves. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.4.
  • Dimas, K., Hatziantoniou, S., Wyche, J.H., Pantazis, P. (2009). A mastic gum extract induces suppression of growth of human colorectal tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. In Vivo, 23(1), 63-68.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres Jr, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9.
  • Farzaei, M. H., Shahpiri, Z., Mehri, M. R., Bahramsoltani, R., Rezaei, M., Raeesdana, A., Rahimi, R. (2018). Medicinal plants in neurodegenerative diseases: perspective of traditional Persian medicine. Current drug metabolism, 19(5), 429-442.
  • Fathalizadeh, J., Bagheri, V., Khorramdelazad, H., Kazemi Arababadi, M., Jafarzadeh, A., Mirzaei, M.R., Hajizadeh, M.R. (2015). Induction of apoptosis by pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull extract and its molecular mechanisms of action in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 61(7), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2015.61.7.20.
  • Gezici, S., Sekeroglu, N., Kijjoa, A. (2017). In vitro Anticancer Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Populus alba L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 498-503. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.74.
  • Gezici S. (2018). Promising anticancer activity of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil through induction of both apoptosis and necrosis. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2018.7.2.55.
  • Gezici, S. and Sekeroglu, N. (2019a). Current perspectives in the application of medicinal plants against cancer: novel therapeutic agents. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 19(1), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666181224121004.
  • Gezici, S. and Sekeroglu, N. (2019b). Neuroprotective potential and phytochemical composition of acorn kernels. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.082.
  • Gezici, S. (2019a). Comparative anticancer activity analysis of saffron extracts and a principle component, crocetin for prevention and treatment of human malignancies. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04014-y.
  • Gezici S. (2019b). Anticancer, antiproliferative, lysosomal and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory effects of fruit extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on human lung cancer cells. Acta Oncologica Turcica, 52(1), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.5505/aot.2019.093266.
  • Guizani, N., Waly, M.I., Rahman, M.S., Al-Attabi, Z. (2018). Natural products and their benefits in cancer prevention. Bioactive components, diet and medical treatment in cancer prevention. Springer, Cham, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75693-6_3.
  • Gundogdu, M., Tuncturk, M., Berk, S., Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S. (2018). Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive Contents of Mulberry Species from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52(4), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.82.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., Tabassi, S. A. S., Moghadam, N. M., Rashedinia, M., Mehri, S. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Pistacia vera kernels, leaves and gum extracts. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 11(3), 879-887. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813125/pdf/ijpr-11-879.pdf.
  • Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65(1-2), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4.
  • Newman, D.J. and Cragg, G.M. (2016). Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 629-661. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055.
  • Orhan, I.E., Senol, F.S., Gulpinar, A.R., Sekeroglu, N., Kartal, M., Sener, B. (2012). Neuroprotective potential of some terebinth coffee brands and the unprocessed kernels of Pistacia terebinthus L. and their fatty and essential oil analyses. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 882-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.119.
  • Rajaei, A., Barzegar, M., Mobarez, A.M., Sahari, M. A., Esfahani, Z.H. (2010). Antioxidant, anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.023.
  • Reddy, L., Odhav, B., Bhoola, K.D. (2003). Natural products for cancer prevention: a global perspective. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 99(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(03)00042-1.
  • Rezaei, P.F, Fouladdel, S, Hassani S, Yousefbeyk F, Ghaffari SM, Amin G, et al. (2012). Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by pericarp polyphenol-rich extract of Baneh in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(3-4), 1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.012.
  • Roy, A., Jauhari, N., Bharadvaja, N. (2018). Medicinal Plants as a Potential Source of Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements. Springer, Singapore, 109-139.
  • Schieber, M. and Chandel, N.S. (2014). ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Current biology, 24(10), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.034.
  • Seifaddinipour, M., Farghadani, R., Namvar, F., Mohamad, J., Abdul Kadir, H. (2018). Cytotoxic effects and anti-angiogenesis potential of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hulls against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Molecules, 23(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010110.
  • Sekeroglu, N. and Gezici, S. (2019). Astragalus neurocarpus Bioss. as a potential source of natural enzyme inhibitor associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with its rich polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.9.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S., Tanriover, C.S., Yayla, F. (2019). Anticancer, Antiproliferative and Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activities of Astragalus elongatus subsp. nucleiferus on Human Cancer Cells. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.544872.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Senol, F.S., Orhan, I.E., Gulpinar, A.R., Kartal, M., Sener, B. (2012). In vitro prospective effects of various traditional herbal coffees consumed in Anatolia linked to neurodegeneration. Food Research International, 45, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.0088.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Urlu, E., Kulak, M., Gezici, S., Dang, R. (2017). Variation in Total Polyphenolic Contents, DNA Protective Potential and Antioxidant Capacity from Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts in Different Plant Parts of Hypericum perforatum L. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.2s.43.
  • Senol, F.S., Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S., Kilic, E., Orhan, İ.E. (2018). Neuroprotective potential of the fruit (acorn) from Quercus coccifera L. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42, 82-87. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1711-18.
  • Shida, W., Tateishi, H., Fujita, M., Koga R., Radwan, M.O., Ciftci, H.I., Otsuka, M., Husham Al-Saadi, D., Watanabe, M., Gezici, S., Wada, M., Sekeroglu, N., Watanabe, T. (2019). Anticancer activity of extract from twigs of Caucasian beech in Turkey. The Fifth International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (ISPBS-5), Cappadocia-Turkey, p: 29 (Oral presentation) www.ispbs.org.
  • Tabatabaei-Malazy, O., Larijani, B., Abdollahi, M. (2013). A novel management of diabetes by means of strong antioxidants’ combination. Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas, 7(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.12.002.
  • World Health Statistics Overview 2019. World Health Organization, 2019. https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2019/en/.

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 137 - 143, 27.09.2019

Sevgi Gezici

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.3.4
Cited By: 5

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Almehdar, H., Abdallah, H.M., Osman, A.M., Abdel-Sattar, E.A. (2012). In vitro cytotoxic screening of selected Saudi medicinal plants. Journal of Natural Medicines, 66(2), 406-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0589-8.
  • Belkhodja, H., Meddah, B., Gezici S. (2017). Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Essential Oils from Rosmarinus officinalis and Populus alba on Experimental Models of Acute and Chronic Inflammation in Rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.8.
  • Benamar, H., Rached, W., Derdour, A., Marouf, A. (2010). Screening of Algerian medicinal plants for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(1), 1- https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2010.1.9.
  • Bozorgi, M., Memariani, Z., Mobli, M., Salehi Surmaghi, M. H., Shams-Ardekani, M. R., Rahimi, R. (2013). Five Pistacia species (P. vera, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus, P. khinjuk, and P. lentiscus): a review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. The Scientific World Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/219815.
  • Das, K. and Gezici, S. (2018). Secondary plant metabolites, their separation and identification, and role in human disease prevention. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2018.7.2.3.
  • Das, K., Khan, M.S., Namratha, N., Swetha, R., Gezici, S. (2019). Comparative phytochemical screening, elemental content and chromatographic evaluation for detection and quantification of polyphenolic compounds for strong antioxidant activity of various extracts of Abutilon indicum (Link) Sweet leaves. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.4.
  • Dimas, K., Hatziantoniou, S., Wyche, J.H., Pantazis, P. (2009). A mastic gum extract induces suppression of growth of human colorectal tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. In Vivo, 23(1), 63-68.
  • Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres Jr, V., Featherstone, R.M. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9.
  • Farzaei, M. H., Shahpiri, Z., Mehri, M. R., Bahramsoltani, R., Rezaei, M., Raeesdana, A., Rahimi, R. (2018). Medicinal plants in neurodegenerative diseases: perspective of traditional Persian medicine. Current drug metabolism, 19(5), 429-442.
  • Fathalizadeh, J., Bagheri, V., Khorramdelazad, H., Kazemi Arababadi, M., Jafarzadeh, A., Mirzaei, M.R., Hajizadeh, M.R. (2015). Induction of apoptosis by pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hull extract and its molecular mechanisms of action in human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 61(7), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2015.61.7.20.
  • Gezici, S., Sekeroglu, N., Kijjoa, A. (2017). In vitro Anticancer Activity and Antioxidant Properties of Essential Oils from Populus alba L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. from South Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 498-503. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.74.
  • Gezici S. (2018). Promising anticancer activity of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil through induction of both apoptosis and necrosis. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2018.7.2.55.
  • Gezici, S. and Sekeroglu, N. (2019a). Current perspectives in the application of medicinal plants against cancer: novel therapeutic agents. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 19(1), 101-111. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871520619666181224121004.
  • Gezici, S. and Sekeroglu, N. (2019b). Neuroprotective potential and phytochemical composition of acorn kernels. Industrial Crops and Products, 128, 13-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.10.082.
  • Gezici, S. (2019a). Comparative anticancer activity analysis of saffron extracts and a principle component, crocetin for prevention and treatment of human malignancies. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04014-y.
  • Gezici S. (2019b). Anticancer, antiproliferative, lysosomal and lactate dehydrogenase inhibitory effects of fruit extracts from sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on human lung cancer cells. Acta Oncologica Turcica, 52(1), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.5505/aot.2019.093266.
  • Guizani, N., Waly, M.I., Rahman, M.S., Al-Attabi, Z. (2018). Natural products and their benefits in cancer prevention. Bioactive components, diet and medical treatment in cancer prevention. Springer, Cham, 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75693-6_3.
  • Gundogdu, M., Tuncturk, M., Berk, S., Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S. (2018). Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive Contents of Mulberry Species from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52(4), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.82.
  • Hosseinzadeh, H., Tabassi, S. A. S., Moghadam, N. M., Rashedinia, M., Mehri, S. (2012). Antioxidant activity of Pistacia vera kernels, leaves and gum extracts. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research, 11(3), 879-887. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3813125/pdf/ijpr-11-879.pdf.
  • Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65(1-2), 55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4.
  • Newman, D.J. and Cragg, G.M. (2016). Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 629-661. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055.
  • Orhan, I.E., Senol, F.S., Gulpinar, A.R., Sekeroglu, N., Kartal, M., Sener, B. (2012). Neuroprotective potential of some terebinth coffee brands and the unprocessed kernels of Pistacia terebinthus L. and their fatty and essential oil analyses. Food Chemistry, 130(4), 882-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.119.
  • Rajaei, A., Barzegar, M., Mobarez, A.M., Sahari, M. A., Esfahani, Z.H. (2010). Antioxidant, anti-microbial and antimutagenicity activities of pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull extract. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.09.023.
  • Reddy, L., Odhav, B., Bhoola, K.D. (2003). Natural products for cancer prevention: a global perspective. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 99(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(03)00042-1.
  • Rezaei, P.F, Fouladdel, S, Hassani S, Yousefbeyk F, Ghaffari SM, Amin G, et al. (2012). Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by pericarp polyphenol-rich extract of Baneh in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(3-4), 1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.012.
  • Roy, A., Jauhari, N., Bharadvaja, N. (2018). Medicinal Plants as a Potential Source of Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements. Springer, Singapore, 109-139.
  • Schieber, M. and Chandel, N.S. (2014). ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress. Current biology, 24(10), 453-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.034.
  • Seifaddinipour, M., Farghadani, R., Namvar, F., Mohamad, J., Abdul Kadir, H. (2018). Cytotoxic effects and anti-angiogenesis potential of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) hulls against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Molecules, 23(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010110.
  • Sekeroglu, N. and Gezici, S. (2019). Astragalus neurocarpus Bioss. as a potential source of natural enzyme inhibitor associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with its rich polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 82-87. https://doi.org/10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.9.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S., Tanriover, C.S., Yayla, F. (2019). Anticancer, Antiproliferative and Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Activities of Astragalus elongatus subsp. nucleiferus on Human Cancer Cells. KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.544872.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Senol, F.S., Orhan, I.E., Gulpinar, A.R., Kartal, M., Sener, B. (2012). In vitro prospective effects of various traditional herbal coffees consumed in Anatolia linked to neurodegeneration. Food Research International, 45, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.0088.
  • Sekeroglu, N., Urlu, E., Kulak, M., Gezici, S., Dang, R. (2017). Variation in Total Polyphenolic Contents, DNA Protective Potential and Antioxidant Capacity from Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts in Different Plant Parts of Hypericum perforatum L. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.2s.43.
  • Senol, F.S., Sekeroglu, N., Gezici, S., Kilic, E., Orhan, İ.E. (2018). Neuroprotective potential of the fruit (acorn) from Quercus coccifera L. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 42, 82-87. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1711-18.
  • Shida, W., Tateishi, H., Fujita, M., Koga R., Radwan, M.O., Ciftci, H.I., Otsuka, M., Husham Al-Saadi, D., Watanabe, M., Gezici, S., Wada, M., Sekeroglu, N., Watanabe, T. (2019). Anticancer activity of extract from twigs of Caucasian beech in Turkey. The Fifth International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (ISPBS-5), Cappadocia-Turkey, p: 29 (Oral presentation) www.ispbs.org.
  • Tabatabaei-Malazy, O., Larijani, B., Abdollahi, M. (2013). A novel management of diabetes by means of strong antioxidants’ combination. Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas, 7(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.12.002.
  • World Health Statistics Overview 2019. World Health Organization, 2019. https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2019/en/.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Bilimi, Gıda Mühendisliği, Ziraat Mühendisliği, Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri, Bahçe Bitkileri Yetiştirme ve Islahı
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sevgi Gezici 0000-0002-4856-0221

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Eylül 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 13 Eylül 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Gezici, S. (2019). Cancer preventive and neuroprotective potentials of red hulls, kernels and oleo-gum resins from Pistachio. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 3(3), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.3.4

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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
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Alzheimer Hastalığının Gelişimsel Sürecinde ve Tedavisinde Potansiyel Öneme Sahip Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar
Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy
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Enzyme inhibitors as controllers of neurodegenerative diseases: An update of in vitro effects of medicinal plants
Lekovite sirovine
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