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The effect of sorbitol applications on total phenolic, flavonoid amount, and antioxidant activity in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 614 - 621, 30.12.2022

Alper Dilek Ebru Batı Ay Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz Beril Kocaman

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.4.15

Öz

It is already known that secondary metabolites in plants are affected by many parameters such as biotic and abiotic stress conditions and can vary in quantity. Sorbitol, which is used to increase osmolality in cells, is an important source of abiotic stress. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of sorbitol applications at different doses by foliar spraying on total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) at different times. Olein variety was used as the material in the study and different sorbitol doses (0.5 g/L, 25 g/L, 50 g/L and 100 g/L) were applied by foliar spraying. Sorbitol doses were applied in three different growth periods (before, during, and after blooming). The total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the drugs obtained from all samples were examined after the harvest was completed. Although it was determined that the effect of increasing sorbitol doses applied in different growth periods on the total amount of phenolic and flavonoid substances and on the DPPH free radical scavenging activity was statistically not significant, the interaction of sorbitol doses x different growth periods in the total phenolic substance content was significant. The highest total phenolic content was determined as 133.00 mg GAE/g in the before blooming period of the plant in safflower. The total amount of flavonoid substance was determined as 24.46 mg QE/g in the before blooming period of the highest plant. The highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity was found to be 92.86% in the after blooming period. As a result, when the study outcomes were evaluated according to different development periods in safflower, it is possible to rank the development periods of the total phenolic substance content and total flavonoid substance amounts as before blooming > blooming period > after blooming. We can list the antioxidant activity as after blooming > blooming period > before blooming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asteraceae plant growth and development periods bioactive compounds osmotic stress

Destekleyen Kurum

Amasya üniversitesi bap birimi

Proje Numarası

FMB-BAP 21-0496 BAP Project.

Teşekkür

We are thankful to Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) of Amasya University for providing support to this research, with the number of FMB-BAP 21-0496 BAP Project.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, M.A. (2017). Achillea gypsicola türünde kallus kültürü ile sekonder metabolit üretim potansiyelinin belirlenmesi. Ordu University, PhD Thesis (Printed), Ordu.
  • Açıkgöz, M.A., Kara, Ş.M., Aygün, A., Özcan, M.M., Ay, E.B. (2019). Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on the production of camphor and phenolic compounds in cell suspension culture of endemic Turkish yarrow (Achillea gypsicola) species. Turk J Agric For 43: 351–359. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1809-54.
  • Açıkgöz, M.A. (2020). Establishment of cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. and enhanced production of pharmaceutical active ingredients. Ind Crops Prod 148:112278. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2020.112278. Açıkgöz, M.A. (2021). Effects of sorbitol on the production of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Biologia 76, 395–409. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00581-0.
  • Abu-Romman, S. (2010). Responses of Cucumber Callus to Sorbitol-Induced Osmotic Stress. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 8(2): 45-50.
  • Akman, Y., Ketenoğlu, O., Kurt, L., Güney, K., Hamzaoğlu, E. ve Tuğ, N. (2007). “Angiospermae (Kapalı Tohumlular)”, Palme Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Albiski, F., Najla, S., Sanoubar, R., Alkabani, N. and Murshed, R. (2012). In vitro screening of potato lines for drought tolerance. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 18(4), 315-321.
  • Ay, B. E., Gül, M., Açikgöz, M.A., Yarilgaç, T., and Kara, Ş. M. (2018). Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) Extracts with Their Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52(Issue 4 (Suppl), 128-132.
  • Babaoğlu, M. (2006). “Dünya ve Türkiye’de aspir bitkisinin tarihi, kullanım alanları ve önemi”, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Edirne.
  • Baydar, H. (2000). Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Male Sterility, Seed Yield and Oil and Fatty Acid Syntheses of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Biology. 24: 159-168.
  • Bidabadi, SS., Meon S., Wahab, Z., Subramaniam, S. and Mahmood, M. (2012). In vitro selection and characterization of water stress tolerant lines among ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) induced variants of banana (Musa spp., with AAA genome). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(3), 567-575.
  • Brito, G., Costa, A., Fonseca, H. M., and Santos, C. V. (2003). Response of Olea europaea ssp. maderensis in vitro shoots exposed to osmotic stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 97(3-4), 411-417.
  • Bujor, O. C., Ginies, C., Popa, V. I., and Dufour, C. (2018). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) leaf, stem and fruit at different harvest periods. Food chemistry, 252, 356-365.
  • Bündig, C., Vu, T. H., Meise, P., Seddig, S., Schum, A., and Winkelmann, T. (2017). Variability in osmotic stress tolerance of starch potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as revealed by an in vitro screening: role of proline, osmotic adjustment and drought response in pot trials. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(3), 206-218.
  • Caliskan, S. and Caliskan. M.E. (2018). Row and plant spacing e_ects on the yield and yield components of saffower in mediterrranean-type environment. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, p. 85–92.
  • Coşge Şenkal, B., Kıralan, M., and Ramadan, M.F. (2015). Impact of harvest times on the quality characteristics of oils recovered from different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars sown in spring and autumn. Eurpean Food Research and Technology, 2015.
  • Corleto, A., Alba, E., Polignano, G. B., and Vonghia, G. (1997). Safflower: A Multipurpose Species with Unexploited Potential and World Adaptability. The Research in Italy. IV th International Safflower Conference, (2-7 June), 23-31 Bari, Italy.
  • Dodds, J. H., and Roberts, L. W. (1985). Experiments in plant tissue culture. International Potato Center.
  • Eryiğit, T. (1998). Farklı hasat zamanlarının aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sayfa, 57.
  • Fan, L., and Guo, M. (2013). Progress of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Regeneration through Tissue Culture, Journal of Medical Colleges of Pl. 289-301. Faostat (2018) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Accessed 8 Mar 2018.
  • Farran M, Barbour GW, Usayran NN, Kayouli C. (2010). Metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility of decorticated extruded safflower meal. Poultry Science, 89:1962–1966. Doi: 10.3382/ ps.2009-00559.
  • Feng, Z. M., He, J., Jiang, J. S., Chen, Z., Yang, Y. N., and Zhang, P. C. (2013). NMR solution structure study of the representative component hydroxysafflor yellow A and other quinochalcone C-glycosides from Carthamus tinctorius. Journal of natural products, 76(2), 270-274.
  • Gautam, S., Anjani, K., and Srivastava, N. (2016). In vitro evaluation of excess copper affecting seedlings and their biochemical characteristics in Carthamus tinctorius L. (variety PBNS-12). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 22(1), 121-129.
  • Geçgel, Ü., Demirci, M., Esendal, E., Taşan, M. (2007). Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil from Developing Seeds of Different Varieties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Amer Oil Chem Soc (2007) 84:47–54.
  • Gopal, J. and Iwama, K. (2007). In vitro screening of potato against water-stress mediated through sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. Plant cell reports, 26(5), 693-700.
  • Hall, C.A., and Cuppett, S. L. (1997). Structure-activities of natural antioxidants. In Antioxidant Methodology In Vivo and In Vitro Concepts Aruoma, O. I., Cuppett, S. L., Eds.; AOCS Press: Champaign, IL, pp 2-29.
  • Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Miah, MB., and Islam, SS. (2021). In vitro morphophysiological screening of drought-tolerant potato genotypes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 57(3), 519-528.
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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 614 - 621, 30.12.2022

Alper Dilek Ebru Batı Ay Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz Beril Kocaman

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.4.15

Öz

Proje Numarası

FMB-BAP 21-0496 BAP Project.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz, M.A. (2017). Achillea gypsicola türünde kallus kültürü ile sekonder metabolit üretim potansiyelinin belirlenmesi. Ordu University, PhD Thesis (Printed), Ordu.
  • Açıkgöz, M.A., Kara, Ş.M., Aygün, A., Özcan, M.M., Ay, E.B. (2019). Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid on the production of camphor and phenolic compounds in cell suspension culture of endemic Turkish yarrow (Achillea gypsicola) species. Turk J Agric For 43: 351–359. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1809-54.
  • Açıkgöz, M.A. (2020). Establishment of cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. and enhanced production of pharmaceutical active ingredients. Ind Crops Prod 148:112278. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.indcrop.2020.112278. Açıkgöz, M.A. (2021). Effects of sorbitol on the production of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in the cell suspension cultures of Ocimum basilicum L. Biologia 76, 395–409. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00581-0.
  • Abu-Romman, S. (2010). Responses of Cucumber Callus to Sorbitol-Induced Osmotic Stress. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 8(2): 45-50.
  • Akman, Y., Ketenoğlu, O., Kurt, L., Güney, K., Hamzaoğlu, E. ve Tuğ, N. (2007). “Angiospermae (Kapalı Tohumlular)”, Palme Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Albiski, F., Najla, S., Sanoubar, R., Alkabani, N. and Murshed, R. (2012). In vitro screening of potato lines for drought tolerance. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 18(4), 315-321.
  • Ay, B. E., Gül, M., Açikgöz, M.A., Yarilgaç, T., and Kara, Ş. M. (2018). Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Giant Snowdrop (Galanthus elwesii Hook) Extracts with Their Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 52(Issue 4 (Suppl), 128-132.
  • Babaoğlu, M. (2006). “Dünya ve Türkiye’de aspir bitkisinin tarihi, kullanım alanları ve önemi”, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Edirne.
  • Baydar, H. (2000). Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Male Sterility, Seed Yield and Oil and Fatty Acid Syntheses of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Biology. 24: 159-168.
  • Bidabadi, SS., Meon S., Wahab, Z., Subramaniam, S. and Mahmood, M. (2012). In vitro selection and characterization of water stress tolerant lines among ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) induced variants of banana (Musa spp., with AAA genome). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(3), 567-575.
  • Brito, G., Costa, A., Fonseca, H. M., and Santos, C. V. (2003). Response of Olea europaea ssp. maderensis in vitro shoots exposed to osmotic stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 97(3-4), 411-417.
  • Bujor, O. C., Ginies, C., Popa, V. I., and Dufour, C. (2018). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) leaf, stem and fruit at different harvest periods. Food chemistry, 252, 356-365.
  • Bündig, C., Vu, T. H., Meise, P., Seddig, S., Schum, A., and Winkelmann, T. (2017). Variability in osmotic stress tolerance of starch potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as revealed by an in vitro screening: role of proline, osmotic adjustment and drought response in pot trials. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 203(3), 206-218.
  • Caliskan, S. and Caliskan. M.E. (2018). Row and plant spacing e_ects on the yield and yield components of saffower in mediterrranean-type environment. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, p. 85–92.
  • Coşge Şenkal, B., Kıralan, M., and Ramadan, M.F. (2015). Impact of harvest times on the quality characteristics of oils recovered from different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars sown in spring and autumn. Eurpean Food Research and Technology, 2015.
  • Corleto, A., Alba, E., Polignano, G. B., and Vonghia, G. (1997). Safflower: A Multipurpose Species with Unexploited Potential and World Adaptability. The Research in Italy. IV th International Safflower Conference, (2-7 June), 23-31 Bari, Italy.
  • Dodds, J. H., and Roberts, L. W. (1985). Experiments in plant tissue culture. International Potato Center.
  • Eryiğit, T. (1998). Farklı hasat zamanlarının aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Sayfa, 57.
  • Fan, L., and Guo, M. (2013). Progress of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Regeneration through Tissue Culture, Journal of Medical Colleges of Pl. 289-301. Faostat (2018) http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data. Accessed 8 Mar 2018.
  • Farran M, Barbour GW, Usayran NN, Kayouli C. (2010). Metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility of decorticated extruded safflower meal. Poultry Science, 89:1962–1966. Doi: 10.3382/ ps.2009-00559.
  • Feng, Z. M., He, J., Jiang, J. S., Chen, Z., Yang, Y. N., and Zhang, P. C. (2013). NMR solution structure study of the representative component hydroxysafflor yellow A and other quinochalcone C-glycosides from Carthamus tinctorius. Journal of natural products, 76(2), 270-274.
  • Gautam, S., Anjani, K., and Srivastava, N. (2016). In vitro evaluation of excess copper affecting seedlings and their biochemical characteristics in Carthamus tinctorius L. (variety PBNS-12). Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 22(1), 121-129.
  • Geçgel, Ü., Demirci, M., Esendal, E., Taşan, M. (2007). Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil from Developing Seeds of Different Varieties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Amer Oil Chem Soc (2007) 84:47–54.
  • Gopal, J. and Iwama, K. (2007). In vitro screening of potato against water-stress mediated through sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. Plant cell reports, 26(5), 693-700.
  • Hall, C.A., and Cuppett, S. L. (1997). Structure-activities of natural antioxidants. In Antioxidant Methodology In Vivo and In Vitro Concepts Aruoma, O. I., Cuppett, S. L., Eds.; AOCS Press: Champaign, IL, pp 2-29.
  • Harun-Or-Rashid, M., Miah, MB., and Islam, SS. (2021). In vitro morphophysiological screening of drought-tolerant potato genotypes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 57(3), 519-528.
  • Hassan, NA., and Bekheet, SA. (2008). Mid-term storage and genetic stability of strawberry tissue cultures. Egyptian Journal of Genetics And Cytology, 37(2).
  • Hudson, B. J. F., Ed. (1990). Food Antioxidants; Elsevier Applied Science: London
  • İşbilir, Ş. S. (2008). Yaprakları salata-baharat olarak tüketilen bazı bitkilerin antioksidan aktivitelerinin incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Kimya Ana Bilim Dalı Doktora Tezi Sayfa, 132.
  • Keleş, R., Öztürk, Ö. (2012). Farklı Ekim Zamanlarının Bazı Aspir Çeşitlerinde Verim ve Kalite Üzerine Etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 5(1), 112-117.
  • Kırıcı, S. (1998). İki Aspir Çeşidinde Gibberellik Asidin (GA3) Agronomik Özellikler ve Çiçek Verimi ile Boyar Madde Oranına Etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (1): 10-30.
  • Kielkowska, A., Adamus, A., and Oleksyk, A. (2012). In vitro selection of Allium cepa for water stress. In VI International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae, 21-12 May, Fukuoka (Japan).
  • Kizil, S., Çakmak, Ö., Kirici, S. A. L. İ. H. A., and İnan, M. (2008). A comprehensive study on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in semi-arid conditions. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 22(4), 947-953.
  • Kuşoğlu, E. (2015). Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) bitkisinin fenolik bileşiklerinin ve antioksidan aktivitesinin tayini (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü). Larson, R. A., (1988). The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry, 27(4), 969- 978.
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  • Lim, S. Y., Hwang, J. Y., Yoon, H. R. and Paık, Y. S. (2007). Antioxidative Phenolics from the Petals of Carthamus tinctorius. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry. Cilt 50, sayı 4, Sf.304-307.
  • Lu, Y. H., Huang, J. H., Li, Y. C., Ma, T. T., Sang, P., Wang, W. J., and Gao, C. Y. (2015). Variation in nutritional compositions, antioxidant activity and microstructure of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. root at different harvest times. Food chemistry, 183, 91-100.
  • Mahajan, S., & Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 444(2), 139-158.
  • Marssaro, AL., Lucymeire, SM., Jailson, LC., Silva Ledo, CA. Santos-Serejo, JA. (2017). Simulation of in vitro water deficit for selecting drought-tolerant banana genotypes. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 52 (12): 1301-1304.
  • Mohammadi, M., and Tavakoli, A. (2015). Effect of harvest time of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) florets on the production of red and yellow pigments. Quality Assurance Safety of Crops and Foods. p. 581–588.
  • Nagaraj, G. (2009). Oilseeds Properties, Processing, Products and Procedures. 2nd Ed. New India pub., New Delhi, India.
  • Nemeth-Zamborine, E., Seidler-Łożykowska, K., and Szabo, K. (2019). Effect of harvest date on yield and secondary compounds of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality.
  • Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Dizikısa, T., Kumluay, A.M., Pehluvan, M., Kaya, C. (2010). Erzurum Sulu Koşullarında Bazı Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çeşitlerinin Tarımsal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 41 (1), 1-6.
  • Özdemir, F. A., Aymelek F. ve Karataş, F. (2011). Aspir Bitkisinde Redükte, Okside Glutatyon ile A, C, E Vitamini ve β-karoten Miktarlarının Araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, sayı 23, Sf.65-71.
  • Özel, A., Demirbilek, T., Çopur, O., Gür, A. (2004). Harran ovası kuru koşullarında farklı ekim zamanları ve sıra üzeri mesafelerinin aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.)’in taç yaprak verimi ve bazı bitkisel özelliklerine etkisi. Harran Ün. Z.F. Dergisi, 8(3/4):1-7.
  • Patil, J.G., Ahire, M.L., Nitnaware, K.M., Panda, S., Bhatt, V.P., Kishor Kavi, P.B., Nikam, T.D. (2013). In vitro propagation and production of cardiotonic glycosides in shoot cultures of Digitalis purpurea L. by elicitation and precursor feeding. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 97(6): 2379-2393.
  • Placide, R., Carpentier, S., and Swennen, R. (2012). Development of in vitro technique to screen for drought tolerant banana varieties by sorbitol induced osmotic stress. African Journal of Plant Science, 6(15), 416-425.
  • Ren, S., Wu, Y., Liu, S., Zhou, M., and Ma, S. (2019). Explicit cross-lingual pre-training for unsupervised machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.00180.
  • Rai, MK., Kalia RK., Singh, R., Gangola, MP., and Dhawan, AK. (2011). Developing stress tolerant plants through in vitro selection - an overview of the recent progress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71(1), 89-98.
  • Ribeiro, D. A., Camilo, C. J., Nonato, C. D. F. A., Rodrigues, F. F. G., Menezes, I. R. A., Ribeiro-Filho, J., and da Costa, J. G. M. (2020). Influence of seasonal variation on phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity of Secondatia floribunda A. DC. (Apocynaceae). Food Chemistry, 315, 126277.
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  • Singh, B., Sahu, P.M., Sharma, R.A. (2017). Effect of elicitors on the production of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids by stimulating anthranilate synthase activity in Adhatoda vasica Nees cell cultures. Planta, 1-13.
  • Sorkheh, K., Shiran, B., Khodambshi, M., Rouhi, V., and Ercisli, S. (2010). In vitro assay of native Iranian almond species (Prunus L. spp.) for drought tolerance. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult. 105(3), 395-404.
  • Steberl, K., Hartung, J., Munz, S., and Graeff-Hönninger, S. (2020). Effect of row spacing, sowing density, and harvest time on floret yield and yield components of two safflower cultivars grown in southwestern Germany. Agronomy, 10(5), 664.
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  • Wang, C. Y., Liu, Q., Huang, Q. X., Liu, J. T., He, Y. H., Lu, J. J., and Bai, X. Y. (2013). Activation of PPARγ is required for hydroxysafflor yellow A of Carthamus tinctorius to attenuate hepatic fibrosis induced by oxidative stress. Phytomedicine, 20(7), 592-599.
  • Vanhove, AC., Vermaelen, W., Panis, B., Swennen, R., and Carpentier, SC. (2012). Screening the banana biodiversity for drought tolerance: can an in vitro growth model and proteomics be used as a tool to discover tolerant varieties and understand homeostasis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 3, 176.
  • Yang, Y., Pu, X., Qu, X., Chen, F., Zhang, G., Luo, Y. (2017). Enhanced production of camptothecin and biological preparation of N1-acetylkynuramine in Camptotheca acuminata cell suspension cultures. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 101(10): 4053-4062.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2012). Echinops orientalis Trautv. Bitkisindeki Sekonder Metabolitlerin İzolasyonu, Yapı Tayini, Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tokat.
  • Yolci, M. S., Tunçtürk, R., ve Tunçtürk, M. (2022). Farklı Ekstraksiyon Çözücüleri ve Hasat Zamanlarının Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Çiçeklerinin Toplam Fenol ve Flavonoid Miktarları ile Antioksidan Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 5(1), 97-109.
  • Yu, S. Y., Lee, Y. J., Kım, J. D., Kang, S. N., Lee, S. K., Jang, J. Y., Lee, H. K, Lım, J. H. and Lee, O. H. (2013). Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Hot Water Extract from Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seed. Nutrients. Cilt 5, sayı. 12, Sf. 4894-4907.
  • Zaker, A., Sykora, C., Gössnitzer, F., Abrishamchi, P., Asili, J., Mousavi, S.H., and Wawrosch, C. (2015). Effects of some elicitors on tanshinone production in adventitious root cultures of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. Industrial Crops and Products, 67: 97-102.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alper Dilek 0000-0002-9095-2587

Ebru Batı Ay 0000-0002-9210-6907

Muhammed Akif Açıkgöz 0000-0003-2436-5605

Beril Kocaman 0000-0003-1230-3714

Proje Numarası FMB-BAP 21-0496 BAP Project.
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Dilek, A., Batı Ay, E., Açıkgöz, M. A., Kocaman, B. (2022). The effect of sorbitol applications on total phenolic, flavonoid amount, and antioxidant activity in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 6(4), 614-621. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.4.15
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