Araştırma Makalesi
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DOĞAL KAYNAKLARIN YÖNETİMİNDE NEGATİF DIŞSALLIKLAR VE BEDAVACILIK SORUNU ÜZERİNE İSLAM HUKUKU PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TEORİK BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 35 - 59

Ozat Shamshıyev

https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1381347

Öz

Bu çalışma, doğal kaynakların üretimi sırasında karşılaşılan iki önemli sorunu, negatif dışsallık ve bedavacılık sorununu ele almayı ve İslam Hukuku çerçevesinde politika yapıcılar için bazı ilgili çözüm ve öneriler sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu makalede, sorunları tanımlamak için betimsel bir araştırma metodolojisi kullanılmış ve araştırma boyunca kullanılan birincil yöntem olarak kavramsal analiz modeli kullanılmıştır. Genel teorilerden ve yerleşik İslam hukuku ilkelerinden spesifik tahminler türetmek için tümdengelim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, negatif dışsallık ve bedavacı sorununun ekonomik kaygıların ötesine geçtiğini ve İslam hukuku çerçevesinde hakların ihlaliyle iç içe geçtiğini göstermektedir. Hem negatif dışsallıkların hem de doğal kaynaklardan bedavacılığın insan hakları (hukûku'l-‘ibâd) ve toplum hakları (hukûku'l-llâh) ihlallerine yol açabileceği açıktır. Bu gözlem, İslami bağlamda ekonomik ve hukuki boyutların kritik bir kesişme noktasının altını çizmektedir. Çalışmanın pratik ve sosyal çıkarımları, İslami ekonomi ve çevre politikalarının İslam hukuku ve etiği ile uyumlu olması, kamu yararı ve refahına öncelik vermesi ve sorumlu kaynak yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, politika yapıcıları küresel bir bakış açısı benimsemeye teşvik etmekte ve daha geniş bir bağlamda Allah’ın yeryüzündeki halifesi olarak rollerinin farkına varmalarına davet etmektedir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla bu çalışma, İslam hukuk teorisi bakış açısıyla negatif dışsallık ve bedavacılık sorunlarının ele alındığı ilk çalışmadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam hukuku Doğal kaynaklar Negatif dışsallık Bedavacılık Sorunlar ve Öneriler.

Kaynakça

  • Adegbite, E., Amaeshi, K., Nakpodia, F., Ferry, L., & Yekini, K. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies in Nigeria: A Tinged Shareholder Model. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(5), 797–820.
  • Ahmad, A.A. (no date). Structural interrelations of theory and practice in Islamic law: A study of takhrīj al -furū‘ ‘alā al -usūl literature. Ph.D. https://www.proquest.com/docview/305001680/abstract/5F92895C88984FCDPQ/1 (Accessed: 4 September 2023).
  • al-Ghazālī, A.H.M.B.I.M. (1993). al-Mustaṣfā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'ilmiyyah.
  • Alhassan, H., & Kwakwa, P.A. (2023). The Effect of Natural Resources Extraction and Public Debt on Environmental Sustainability. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(3), 605–623.
  • Barboza, G., Pede, V., & Madero, S. (2021). Shared Social Responsibility. Dual Role of Consumers as Stakeholders in Firm Strategy. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(1), 48–68.
  • Bogoviz, A.V., Rycova I.N., Kletskova, E.V., & Rudakova, T.I. (2019). Tax Awareness and “Free Rider” Problem in Taxes, in I.V. Gashenko, Y.S. Zima, & A.V. Davidyan (eds) Optimization of the Taxation System: Preconditions, Tendencies and Perspectives. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control), 117–123.
  • Bonini, N., Ritov, I., & Graffeo, M. (2015). On the Evaluation of Public Goods: Cognitive and Emotional Aspects. On the Horizon, 23(2), 119–127.
  • Brada, J.C., & Wachtel, P. (2018). Comparative Economic Studies and Comparative Economics: Six Decades and Counting. Comparative Economic Studies, 60(4), 638–656.
  • Bukhari, S.A.A., Hashim, F., Amran, A.B. & Hyder, K. (2019). Green Banking and Islam: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(4), 977–1000.
  • Buterin, V., Hitzig, Z., & Weyl, E.G. (2019). A Flexible Design for Funding Public Goods. Management Science, 65(11), 5171–5187.
  • Cebeci, I. (2012). Integrating the Social Maslaha into Islamic Finance. Accounting Research Journal, 25(3), 166–184.
  • Chari, V.V., & Jones, L.E. (2000). A Reconsideration of the Problem of Social Cost: Free Riders and Monopolists. Economic Theory, 16(1), 1–22.
  • Cheikbossian, G. (2008). Heterogeneous Groups and Rent-Seeking for Public Goods. European Journal of Political Economy, 24(1), 133–150.
  • Christiansen, E.A.N. (2013). Negative Externalities of Food Production: Discourses on the Contested Norwegian Aquaculture Industry. Journal of Political Ecology, 20, 180–198.
  • Ciftci, S. (2019). Islam, Social Justice, and Democracy. Politics and Religion, 12(4), 549–576.
  • Committee. (1876). Majallah al-Aḥkām al-’Adliyyah.
  • Committee. (2006). Fiqh Encyclopedia. Kuwait: Wizarah al-awqaf.
  • Cosma, S., & Cosma, S. (2010). Managing Negative Externalities. 16th International Conference on the Knowledge-Based Organization - Economic, Social and Administrative Approaches to the Knowledge-Based Organization. Sibiu: Nicolae Balcescu-Land Forces Academy (Knowledge Based Organization International Conference), 21–24. Available at: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/fullrecord/WOS:000297623800002 (Accessed: 13 September 2023).
  • Deneulin, S., & Townsend, N. (2007). Public Goods, Global Public Goods and the Common Good. International Journal of Social Economics, 34(1/2), 19–36.
  • Ekici, F., Orhan, G., Öner, G., & Bahçe, A.B. (2022). A Policy on the Externality Problem and Solution Suggestions in Air Transportation: The Environment and Sustainability. Energy, 258, p. 124827.
  • Emon, A. (2006). Huqūq Allāh and Huqūq al-’Ibād: A Legal Heuristic for a Natural Rights Regime. Islamic Law and Society, 13(3), 325–391.
  • Fourati, M., Gratton, G., & Grosjean, P. (2019). Render unto Caesar: Taxes, charity, and political Islam. European Economic Review, 119, 114–146.
  • Fuadah, N., & Qudsi Fauzi, R.M. (2019). Externalities in Water Santri Sidogiri Natural Resources Perspective Islamic Economy. KnE Social Sciences, 3(13), p. 85.
  • Gasper, D. (2007). Goods and Persons, Reasons and Responsibilities. International Journal of Social Economics, 34(1/2), 6–18.
  • Guney, N. (2019). The Basis for the Legitimate Entitlement to Profit in Islamic Law.Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 6(2), 62–79.
  • Hallaq, W. (2019). ‘God cannot be harmed’ On Huquq Allah/Huquq al-Ibad continuum. ed. ElFadl, K.A., Ahmad, A.A. & Hassan, S.F. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000576870000004 (Accessed: 26 September 2023).
  • Hamed, S.E.D. (1993). Seeing the Environment Through Islamic Eyes: Application Ofshariah to Natural Resources Planning and Management. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 6(2), 145–164.
  • Jabareen, Y. (2009). Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(4), 49–62.
  • Jakubowski, R.M., & Kusmierczyk, P. (2007). Production of Public Goods and the Free-Riding Problem. Ekonomia I Prawo-Economics and Law, 3(1), 163–184.
  • Jing, W., & Sun, B. (2018). Negative Externalities in the Sharing Economy: Sources, Paths and Recommendations. International Journal of Crowd Science, 2(2), 149–163.
  • Kargi, V., & Yuksel, C. (2010). Public Economics Solutions on Environmental Externalities. Maliye Dergisi, (159),183–202.
  • Kayadibi, S. (2019). Istihsan: The Doctrine of Juristic Preference in Islamic Law. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Khawar, M. (2023). Economic Agency of Women in Islamic Economic Philosophy: Going Beyond Economic Man and Islamic Man. International Journal of Social Economics, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
  • Laudal, T. (2012). Rising Externality Costs and Corporate Social Responsibility Case: Eu Legislation on Electric and Electronic Equipment. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(2), 289–304.
  • Levent, A. (2018). Kurumlar ve İktisadi Gelişme: Timur Kuran’ın İslam Ekonomisi Yaklaşımının Metodolojik Analizi. Journal of Humanity and Society (İnsan & Toplum Dergisi), 1–22.
  • Luqman, M., Soytas, U., Li, Y., & Ahmad, N. (2022). Rewards and Penalties in an Evolutionary Game Theoretic Model of International Environmental Agreements. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 602–621.
  • Lv, J. (2011). Research on Negative External Economy of Natural Resources Exploiting Enterprises in P.R.China. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information, 882–885.
  • Magee, C. (2002). Endogenous Trade Policy and Lobby Formation: An Application to the Free-Rider Problem. Journal of International Economics, 57(2), 449–471.
  • al-Marghīnānī, B. (no date). al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyah al-Mubtadī. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-`Arabi. Martensson, U. (2011). 'It’s the Economy, Stupid': Al-Tabarī’s Analysis of the Free Rider Problem in the Abbāsid Caliphate. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 54(2), 203–238.
  • Miftahorrozi, M., Khan, S., & Bhatti, M.I. (2022).Waste Bank-Socio-Economic Empowerment Nexus in Indonesia: The Stance of Maqasid al-Shariʻah. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(7), p. 294.
  • Mohamed, M.F., Abdul Mutalib, L., İsmail, W.A.F.W., & Sahid, M.M. (2019). Islamic Epistemology and Its Relations to Scientific Method in Islamic Law of Evidence. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(3), 4350–4352.
  • Monawer, A.T.M., Abdul Rahman, N.N., Qasem Al-‎Nahari, A.A.A., Haji Abdullah, L., Ali, A.K. & Meguellati, A. (2022). The Actualization of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah in Islamic Finance: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(5), 847–864.
  • Moosa, E. (2000). The Dilemma of Islamic Rights Schemes. Journal of Law and Religion, 15(1/2), p. 185.
  • Munyo, I., & Regent, P. (2016). Exercise of Ownership Rights and Efficiency in State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Uruguay. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 14(2), 150–165.
  • Nshimbi, M., & Vinya, R. (2014). Impacts of Public-Private Partnership on Local Livelihoods and Natural Resource Dynamics: Perceptions from Eastern Zambia. Resources, 3(2), 471–487.
  • Olsson-Yaouzis, N. (2010). Revolutionaries, Despots, and Rationality. Rationality and Society, 22(3), 283–299.
  • Oner, A. (2020). Iqta Applications in the Period of the Rashid Caliphs. Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty, 11(25), 457–486.
  • Padela, A.I. (2017). Social Responsibility and the State’s Duty to provide Healthcare: An Islamic Ethico-Legal Perspective. Developing World Bioethics, 17(3), 205–214.
  • Patel, S.S., & Ramachandran, P. (2022). A Bargaining Model for Sharing Water in a River with Negative Externality. Opsearch, 59(2), 645–666.
  • Pittel, K., & Rübbelke, D.T.G. (2006). Private Provision of Public Goods: Incentives for Donations. Journal of Economic Studies, 33(6), 497–519.
  • Rayamajhee, V., & Joshi, A. (2018). Economic Trade-Offs Between Hydroelectricity Production and Environmental Externalities: A Case for Local Externality Mitigation Fund. Renewable Energy, 129, 237–244.
  • Rogna, M. (2016). Cooperative Game Theory Applied to Ieas: A Comparison of Solution Concepts. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(3), 649–678.
  • Skarzhinskaia, E.M., & Tsurikov, V.I. (2019). Modelling of Collective Actions: The Significance of Cooperative Agreements. Russian Management Journal, 17(3), 337–366.
  • Subkī, T. al-Dīn (1991). al-Ashbāh wa al-Naẓāir. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’ilmiyyah.
  • Tariq, M.U. (2015). Hypothetico-Deductive Method: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, 7, 2395–3446.
  • Vilke, R. (2019). Towards Holistic Understanding of Socially Responsible Provision of Public Goods: Conceptual Foundations. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(1), 47–60.
  • Wiseman, H.J. (2021). Taxing Local Energy Externalities. Notre Dame Law Review, 96(2), 563–620.
  • Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2018). Polish Society in the Light of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(1), 893–901.
  • Yildirimer, Ş. (2021). İslam Hukukunun Aksiyolojik Boyutu. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Yudanov, A., Pyrkina, O., & Bekker, E. (2016). On the Limits of Unsolvability of the “Free Rider Problem”. Voprosy Ekonomiki, (11), 57–75.

A THEORETICAL STUDY ON NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES AND THE FREE-RIDER PROBLEM IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 35 - 59

Ozat Shamshıyev

https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1381347

Öz

This paper aims to address two major problems faced throughout the production and management of natural resources, which are negative externality and free-rider problem and to offer some relevant solutions and suggestions for policymakers within the framework of Islamic Law. In this paper, a descriptive research methodology was used to identify the problems, using a conceptual analysis model as a primary method used throughout the research. Deductive reasoning was employed to derive specific predictions from general theories and established Islamic jurisprudence principles. The research findings indicate that the negative externality and free-rider problem extend beyond economic concerns and are intricately linked to the violation of rights within the framework of Islamic law. It is evident that both negative externalities and the free-riding of natural resources can lead to violations of human rights (ḥuqūq al-‘ibād) and community rights (ḥuqūq Allāh). This observation underscores a critical intersection of economic and legal dimensions within an Islamic context. The practical and social implications of the study highlight the need for Islamic economic and environmental policies to align with Islamic law and ethics, prioritize public interest and well-being, and promote responsible resource stewardship and sustainability. Additionally, the study encourages policymakers to adopt a global perspective, recognizing their role as stewards in a broader context. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first study on dealing with negative externality and free rider problems from Islamic legal theory point of view.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic law Natural resources Negative externality Free-riding Problems and Recommendations.

Kaynakça

  • Adegbite, E., Amaeshi, K., Nakpodia, F., Ferry, L., & Yekini, K. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility Strategies in Nigeria: A Tinged Shareholder Model. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(5), 797–820.
  • Ahmad, A.A. (no date). Structural interrelations of theory and practice in Islamic law: A study of takhrīj al -furū‘ ‘alā al -usūl literature. Ph.D. https://www.proquest.com/docview/305001680/abstract/5F92895C88984FCDPQ/1 (Accessed: 4 September 2023).
  • al-Ghazālī, A.H.M.B.I.M. (1993). al-Mustaṣfā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'ilmiyyah.
  • Alhassan, H., & Kwakwa, P.A. (2023). The Effect of Natural Resources Extraction and Public Debt on Environmental Sustainability. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 34(3), 605–623.
  • Barboza, G., Pede, V., & Madero, S. (2021). Shared Social Responsibility. Dual Role of Consumers as Stakeholders in Firm Strategy. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(1), 48–68.
  • Bogoviz, A.V., Rycova I.N., Kletskova, E.V., & Rudakova, T.I. (2019). Tax Awareness and “Free Rider” Problem in Taxes, in I.V. Gashenko, Y.S. Zima, & A.V. Davidyan (eds) Optimization of the Taxation System: Preconditions, Tendencies and Perspectives. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control), 117–123.
  • Bonini, N., Ritov, I., & Graffeo, M. (2015). On the Evaluation of Public Goods: Cognitive and Emotional Aspects. On the Horizon, 23(2), 119–127.
  • Brada, J.C., & Wachtel, P. (2018). Comparative Economic Studies and Comparative Economics: Six Decades and Counting. Comparative Economic Studies, 60(4), 638–656.
  • Bukhari, S.A.A., Hashim, F., Amran, A.B. & Hyder, K. (2019). Green Banking and Islam: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(4), 977–1000.
  • Buterin, V., Hitzig, Z., & Weyl, E.G. (2019). A Flexible Design for Funding Public Goods. Management Science, 65(11), 5171–5187.
  • Cebeci, I. (2012). Integrating the Social Maslaha into Islamic Finance. Accounting Research Journal, 25(3), 166–184.
  • Chari, V.V., & Jones, L.E. (2000). A Reconsideration of the Problem of Social Cost: Free Riders and Monopolists. Economic Theory, 16(1), 1–22.
  • Cheikbossian, G. (2008). Heterogeneous Groups and Rent-Seeking for Public Goods. European Journal of Political Economy, 24(1), 133–150.
  • Christiansen, E.A.N. (2013). Negative Externalities of Food Production: Discourses on the Contested Norwegian Aquaculture Industry. Journal of Political Ecology, 20, 180–198.
  • Ciftci, S. (2019). Islam, Social Justice, and Democracy. Politics and Religion, 12(4), 549–576.
  • Committee. (1876). Majallah al-Aḥkām al-’Adliyyah.
  • Committee. (2006). Fiqh Encyclopedia. Kuwait: Wizarah al-awqaf.
  • Cosma, S., & Cosma, S. (2010). Managing Negative Externalities. 16th International Conference on the Knowledge-Based Organization - Economic, Social and Administrative Approaches to the Knowledge-Based Organization. Sibiu: Nicolae Balcescu-Land Forces Academy (Knowledge Based Organization International Conference), 21–24. Available at: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/fullrecord/WOS:000297623800002 (Accessed: 13 September 2023).
  • Deneulin, S., & Townsend, N. (2007). Public Goods, Global Public Goods and the Common Good. International Journal of Social Economics, 34(1/2), 19–36.
  • Ekici, F., Orhan, G., Öner, G., & Bahçe, A.B. (2022). A Policy on the Externality Problem and Solution Suggestions in Air Transportation: The Environment and Sustainability. Energy, 258, p. 124827.
  • Emon, A. (2006). Huqūq Allāh and Huqūq al-’Ibād: A Legal Heuristic for a Natural Rights Regime. Islamic Law and Society, 13(3), 325–391.
  • Fourati, M., Gratton, G., & Grosjean, P. (2019). Render unto Caesar: Taxes, charity, and political Islam. European Economic Review, 119, 114–146.
  • Fuadah, N., & Qudsi Fauzi, R.M. (2019). Externalities in Water Santri Sidogiri Natural Resources Perspective Islamic Economy. KnE Social Sciences, 3(13), p. 85.
  • Gasper, D. (2007). Goods and Persons, Reasons and Responsibilities. International Journal of Social Economics, 34(1/2), 6–18.
  • Guney, N. (2019). The Basis for the Legitimate Entitlement to Profit in Islamic Law.Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 6(2), 62–79.
  • Hallaq, W. (2019). ‘God cannot be harmed’ On Huquq Allah/Huquq al-Ibad continuum. ed. ElFadl, K.A., Ahmad, A.A. & Hassan, S.F. Abingdon: Routledge. Available at: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:000576870000004 (Accessed: 26 September 2023).
  • Hamed, S.E.D. (1993). Seeing the Environment Through Islamic Eyes: Application Ofshariah to Natural Resources Planning and Management. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 6(2), 145–164.
  • Jabareen, Y. (2009). Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(4), 49–62.
  • Jakubowski, R.M., & Kusmierczyk, P. (2007). Production of Public Goods and the Free-Riding Problem. Ekonomia I Prawo-Economics and Law, 3(1), 163–184.
  • Jing, W., & Sun, B. (2018). Negative Externalities in the Sharing Economy: Sources, Paths and Recommendations. International Journal of Crowd Science, 2(2), 149–163.
  • Kargi, V., & Yuksel, C. (2010). Public Economics Solutions on Environmental Externalities. Maliye Dergisi, (159),183–202.
  • Kayadibi, S. (2019). Istihsan: The Doctrine of Juristic Preference in Islamic Law. Islamic Book Trust.
  • Khawar, M. (2023). Economic Agency of Women in Islamic Economic Philosophy: Going Beyond Economic Man and Islamic Man. International Journal of Social Economics, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print).
  • Laudal, T. (2012). Rising Externality Costs and Corporate Social Responsibility Case: Eu Legislation on Electric and Electronic Equipment. Social Responsibility Journal, 8(2), 289–304.
  • Levent, A. (2018). Kurumlar ve İktisadi Gelişme: Timur Kuran’ın İslam Ekonomisi Yaklaşımının Metodolojik Analizi. Journal of Humanity and Society (İnsan & Toplum Dergisi), 1–22.
  • Luqman, M., Soytas, U., Li, Y., & Ahmad, N. (2022). Rewards and Penalties in an Evolutionary Game Theoretic Model of International Environmental Agreements. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 602–621.
  • Lv, J. (2011). Research on Negative External Economy of Natural Resources Exploiting Enterprises in P.R.China. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information. 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information, 882–885.
  • Magee, C. (2002). Endogenous Trade Policy and Lobby Formation: An Application to the Free-Rider Problem. Journal of International Economics, 57(2), 449–471.
  • al-Marghīnānī, B. (no date). al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyah al-Mubtadī. Beirut: Dar Ihya al-Turath al-`Arabi. Martensson, U. (2011). 'It’s the Economy, Stupid': Al-Tabarī’s Analysis of the Free Rider Problem in the Abbāsid Caliphate. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 54(2), 203–238.
  • Miftahorrozi, M., Khan, S., & Bhatti, M.I. (2022).Waste Bank-Socio-Economic Empowerment Nexus in Indonesia: The Stance of Maqasid al-Shariʻah. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(7), p. 294.
  • Mohamed, M.F., Abdul Mutalib, L., İsmail, W.A.F.W., & Sahid, M.M. (2019). Islamic Epistemology and Its Relations to Scientific Method in Islamic Law of Evidence. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(3), 4350–4352.
  • Monawer, A.T.M., Abdul Rahman, N.N., Qasem Al-‎Nahari, A.A.A., Haji Abdullah, L., Ali, A.K. & Meguellati, A. (2022). The Actualization of Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah in Islamic Finance: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(5), 847–864.
  • Moosa, E. (2000). The Dilemma of Islamic Rights Schemes. Journal of Law and Religion, 15(1/2), p. 185.
  • Munyo, I., & Regent, P. (2016). Exercise of Ownership Rights and Efficiency in State-Owned Enterprises: The Case of Uruguay. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 14(2), 150–165.
  • Nshimbi, M., & Vinya, R. (2014). Impacts of Public-Private Partnership on Local Livelihoods and Natural Resource Dynamics: Perceptions from Eastern Zambia. Resources, 3(2), 471–487.
  • Olsson-Yaouzis, N. (2010). Revolutionaries, Despots, and Rationality. Rationality and Society, 22(3), 283–299.
  • Oner, A. (2020). Iqta Applications in the Period of the Rashid Caliphs. Sirnak University Journal of Divinity Faculty, 11(25), 457–486.
  • Padela, A.I. (2017). Social Responsibility and the State’s Duty to provide Healthcare: An Islamic Ethico-Legal Perspective. Developing World Bioethics, 17(3), 205–214.
  • Patel, S.S., & Ramachandran, P. (2022). A Bargaining Model for Sharing Water in a River with Negative Externality. Opsearch, 59(2), 645–666.
  • Pittel, K., & Rübbelke, D.T.G. (2006). Private Provision of Public Goods: Incentives for Donations. Journal of Economic Studies, 33(6), 497–519.
  • Rayamajhee, V., & Joshi, A. (2018). Economic Trade-Offs Between Hydroelectricity Production and Environmental Externalities: A Case for Local Externality Mitigation Fund. Renewable Energy, 129, 237–244.
  • Rogna, M. (2016). Cooperative Game Theory Applied to Ieas: A Comparison of Solution Concepts. Journal of Economic Surveys, 30(3), 649–678.
  • Skarzhinskaia, E.M., & Tsurikov, V.I. (2019). Modelling of Collective Actions: The Significance of Cooperative Agreements. Russian Management Journal, 17(3), 337–366.
  • Subkī, T. al-Dīn (1991). al-Ashbāh wa al-Naẓāir. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’ilmiyyah.
  • Tariq, M.U. (2015). Hypothetico-Deductive Method: A Comparative Analysis. Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, 7, 2395–3446.
  • Vilke, R. (2019). Towards Holistic Understanding of Socially Responsible Provision of Public Goods: Conceptual Foundations. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(1), 47–60.
  • Wiseman, H.J. (2021). Taxing Local Energy Externalities. Notre Dame Law Review, 96(2), 563–620.
  • Wojciechowska-Solis, J. (2018). Polish Society in the Light of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 16(1), 893–901.
  • Yildirimer, Ş. (2021). İslam Hukukunun Aksiyolojik Boyutu. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Yudanov, A., Pyrkina, O., & Bekker, E. (2016). On the Limits of Unsolvability of the “Free Rider Problem”. Voprosy Ekonomiki, (11), 57–75.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İslam Ekonomisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ozat Shamshıyev 0000-0002-9385-7235

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Shamshıyev, O. (2024). A THEORETICAL STUDY ON NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES AND THE FREE-RIDER PROBLEM IN NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FROM ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE. İslam Ekonomisi Ve Finansı Dergisi (İEFD), 10(1), 35-59. https://doi.org/10.54863/jief.1381347
İslam Ekonomisi ve Finansı Dergisi; ULAKBİM TR-DİZİN, İSAM (İslam Araştırmaları Merkezi), idealonline, Scientific Indexing Services (SIS), Google Scholar ve SOBIAD  tarafından taranmakta ve dizinlenmektedir. 
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Basımevi : Elma Basımevi
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