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Integrated Management of Hemp Pests

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 732 - 747, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.633412

Öz

Hemp cultivation areas have been increasing for various reasons. Therefore, the importance of pests that have the potential to do damage on hemp will increase daily. In our country, records for pests damaging in cannabis are almost non-existent. However, today there are complaints about some pests. These pests, which cause significant losses in cannabis in different parts of the world and are known to exist in our country, are likely to be potentially harmful in cannabis production. These are European corn borer [O. nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)], Eurasian hemp borer [Grapholita delineana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], Hemp flea beetles [Psylliodes attenuata Koch, P. punctulata Melsh, Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, P. nemorum Linnaeus ve Systena blanda Melsheime (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)], aphids [Mysuz persicae Sulzer, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, P. humuli Schrank and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] that are harmful to hemp. In addition to pests such as thrips [Thrips tabaci Lind and Frankniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and cannabis mites [Tetranychus urticae Koch and T. cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae)], there are also common pests such as slugs and snails, mammals and birds. Acting with an integrated pest managament understanding against cannabis pests will help preserve the beneficial insects and natural balance in the cannabis ecosystem. In addition, the understanding of integrated control will prevent the pest problem from continuing. In this review, hemp damaging species and useful insects are listed in the world. In addition, control methods of potential hemp pests in our country have been introduced within the integrated pest management.

Kaynakça

  • Agrios G, 1997. Plant Pathology, 4th Ed. Academic Press, NY. 635 pp., San Diego.
  • Aksoy HA, Bahadıroğlu C, Toroğlu S, 2014. Bazı Mısır Zararlılarına Karşı Radyasyon Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 415-424.
  • Alexander T, 1987. Rodent problems. Sinsemilla Tips 7(1): 9-10.
  • Angelova R, 1968. Characteristics of the bionomics of the hemp flea beetle, Psylliodes attenuatus Koch. Rastenievudni Nauki, 5(8), 105-114.
  • Anonim, 2019. Kenevir Yetiştiriciliği ve Kontrolü Hakkında Yönetmelik. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160929-3.htm (Erişim tarihi: 22.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019a. Colorado State University hemp insect website. https://hempinsects.agsci.colostate.edu/hemp-insects-text/ (Erişim tarihi:11.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019b. University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology website. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/e_corn_borer.htm. (Erişim tarihi: 22.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019c. Michigan State University. Industrial hemp production in Michigan website. https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/industrial-hemp-production-in-michigan-e3402. (Erişim tarihi:10.08.2019)
  • Aytaç S, Arslanoğlu ŞF, Ayan AK, 2018. Ziraat Bilimlerinde Güncel Akademik Çalışmalar-2018, Suçlu Olarak Bilinen Bitki: Kenevir, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330118009_Suclu_Olarak_Bilinen_Bitki_Kenevir (Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019)
  • Bako L, Nitri I, 1977. Pokusy s ochranou proti obal'ovaci konopnemu (Grapholitha sinana Feld). Len a Konopi. [Sumperk, Czech Rep] 15:13-31.
  • Bakro F, Wielgusz K, Bunalski M, Jedryczka M, 2018. An overview of pathogen and insect threats to fibre and oilseed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and methods for their biocontrol. Welcome at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb!, 136, 9-20.
  • Bradley JD, 2000. Checklist of Lepidoptera recorded from the British Isles, 1. Baskı, Antony Rowe Ltd, England.
  • Doctor B, 1986. A closer look at spider mites. Sinsemilla Tips 6(2):31-33, 84.
  • Campbell CA, Cone WW, 1994. Influence of predators on population development of Phorodon humuli (Homoptera: Aphididae) on hops. Environmental entomology, 23(6), 1391-1396.
  • Clarke RC, Diemenstraat V, 1995. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in the Tai’an district of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 2(2), 57-60.
  • Cloyd RA, Brownbridge M, Sadof CS, 1998. Greenhouse biological control of western flower thrips. The IPM practitioner: the newsletter of integrated pest management (USA).
  • Coşkuntuncel S, Kornoşor S, 1996. Çukurova'da Mısır kurdu (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nun Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Yumurta Parazitoidi (Trichogramma evanescens Westwood Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)'nin Kitle Salım Etkinliği ile Doğal Parazitleme Oranının Saptanması. Türkiye III. Entomoloji Kongresi, 24-28.
  • Feng Z, Carruthers RI, Roberts DW, Robson DS, 1985. Age-specific dose-mortality effects of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 46(3), 259-264.
  • Gedik G, Avinç OO, Yavaş A, 2010. Kenevir lifinin özellikleri ve tekstil endüstrisinde kullanımıyla sağladığı avantajlar. Tekstil Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 4(3), 39-48.
  • Grabowska L, Rębarz M, Chudy M, 2009. Breeding and cultivation of industrial hemp in Poland. Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, vol. 55. No. 3.
  • Grigoryev SV, 1998. Survey of the VIR Cannabis collection: resistance of acces sions to corn stem borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb.). J. International Hemp Association, 5(2), 72-74.
  • Hartowicz LE, Eaton BJ, 1971. Reducing the impact of wild hemp control on farm game. In North Central Weed Control Conference, Proceedings (Vol. 26, p. 70).
  • Hill DS, 1987. Agricultural insect pests of temperate regions and their control. CUP Archive.
  • Hill DS, 2008. Pests of crops in warmer climates and their control. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kalacska M, Arroyo-Mora P, Snirer E, Parent R, 2011. Review of cannabis properties and experiments for its biological control. World Wide Weed: Global Trends in Cannabis Cultivation and Its Control, 215.
  • Kennedy JS, Booth CO, Kershaw WJS, 1959. Host Fındıng By Aphıds in The Fıeld: Aphıs Fabae Scop.(Gynoparae) And Brevıcoryne Brassıcae L.; wıth A Re‐Appraısal Of The Role of Host‐Fındıng Behavıour in Vırus Spread. Annals of Applied Biology, 47(3), 424-444.
  • Kepenekci İ, Evlice E, 2009. Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)’nin İki Irkının Labaratuvar Koşullarında Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ve Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Larvaları Üzerindeki Etkileri, Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, Özet, 15-18 Temmuz, Van.
  • Kirchner O, 1906. Hanf, Cannabis sativa L. pp. 319-323 in Die Krankheiten und Befehadigungen uhferer landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen. E. Ulmer, Stuttgart. 637 pp.
  • Lassen G, 1988. The great outdoors. Sinsemilla Tips 8(1):43-48
  • Lösel PM, Lindemann M, Scherkenbeck J, Campbell CA, Hardie J, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ, 1996. Effect of primary-host kairomones on the attractiveness of the hop-aphid sex pheromone to Phorodon humuli males and gynoparae. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships (pp. 79-82). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • McPartland JM, Rhode B, 2005. New hemp diseases and pests in New Zealand. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 10(1), 99-108.
  • McPartland JM, 1996. Cannabis pests. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 3(2), 49-52.
  • McPartland JM, 1999. A Survey of Hemp Diseases and Pests, in Advances in hemp research, edited by P. Ranalli. New York, NY: Food Productions Press, 109-32.
  • McPartland JM, 2000. Biological Control of Hemp Diseases and Pests. Paper presented at the Third International Symposium: Bioresource Hemp. Wolfsburg (Germany), 13-16th September, 2000.
  • McPartland JM, 2002. Epidemiology of the Hemp Borer, Grapholita delineana Walker (Lepidoptera: Oleuthreutidae), a Pest of Cannabis sativa L. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 7(1), 25-42.
  • McPartland JM, Clarke RC, Watson DP, 2000. Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control. An Advanced Treatise. CABI, New York. 251 pp. DOI:10.1079/9780851994543.0000
  • Nagy B, 1959. Kukoricamoly okozta elváltozások és károsítási formák kenderen. Különlenyomat a Kísérletügyi Közlemények (Növénytermesztés) 52(4):49-66.
  • Nagy B, 1979. Different aspects of flight activity of the hemp moth, Grapholitha delineana Walk. related to the integrated control. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 14(3/4), 481-488.
  • Olkowski W, Daarand S, Olkowski H, 1991. Common Sense Pest Control. Taunton Press, Newtown, CT. 721 pp.
  • Olkowski W, Daarand S, Olkowski H, 2013. Gardener’s Guide to Common Sense Pest Control. ed. S. Ash. Taunton Press, Newtown, CT. 391 pp
  • Öztemiz S, 2006. Mısırkurdu ve Biyolojik Mücadelesi. Ticaret Borsası Yayınları, Konya, 23, 52-57.
  • Parker WB, 1913. hop aphis in the Pacific region. USDA Entomology Bulletin 111:9-39
  • Peteanu S, 1980. Contributii la studiul combaterii biologice si integrate a moliei cinepii (Grapholita decineana Walker). Productia vegetala; cereale si plante tehnice. 32(2):39-43
  • Phelan PL, Norris KH, Mason JF, 1996. Soil-management history and host preference by Ostrinia nubilalis: evidence for plant mineral balance mediating insect–plant interactions. Environmental Entomology, 25(6), 1329-1336.
  • Pimentel D, McLaughlin L, Zepp A, Lakitan B, Kraus T, Kleinman P, Vancini F, Roach WJ, Graap E, Keeton WS, Selig G, 1993. Environmental and economic impacts of reducing US agricultural pesticide use. In The Pesticide Question (pp. 223-278). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Quarles W, 2018. IPM for Cannabis Pests. The IPM practitioner monitoring the field of pest management Volume XXXVI, Number 5/6. Available from URL: https://www.birc.org/IPMPCannabis.pdf (Erişim tarihi:11.08.2019)
  • Schultes RE, Klein WM, Plowman T, Lockwood TE, 1974. Cannabis: an example of taxonomic neglect. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, 23(9), 337-367.
  • Seçil ES, Sevim A, Demirbağ Z, Demir İ, 2011. Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’ten Entomopatojen Bakterilerin İzolasyonu ve Karakterizasyonu, Türkiye IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-30 Haziran, Özet, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Shutova NN, Strygina SP, 1969. The hemp moth. Zashchita Rasteniî, 14(11), 49-50.
  • Silantyev A, 1897. Results investigations of the Hip (Hop, Flax) and Beet Flea. Ministry Agriculture and Government Estates, St. Petersburg 7 pp.
  • Smith GE, Haney A, 1973. Grapholitha tristrigana (Clemens)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on naturalized hemp (Canabis sativa L.) in east-central Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science.
  • Sorauer P, 1958. Manual of plant pathology. Vol V. Animal pests of useful plants. Part 2, No. 5. Vertebrata.
  • Tiwari S, Youngman RR, Laub CA, Brewster CC, Jordan TA, Teutsch C, 2009. European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infestation level and plant growth stage on whole-plant corn yield grown for silage in Virginia. Journal of economic entomology, 102(6), 2146-2153.
  • Tüik, 2018. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr;10.08.2019 (Erişim tarihi:21.08.2019)
  • Yepsen RB, 1976. Organic plant protection. Rodale Press, Inc. Emmaus, PA. 688 pp.

Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 732 - 747, 01.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.633412

Öz

Kenevir ekim alanları farklı nedenlerden dolayı son yıllarda artmaktadır. Bu nedenle kenevirde zarar yapma potansiyeli olan türlerin önemi her geçen gün artacaktır. Ülkemizde kenevirlerde zarar yapan zararlılara yönelik kayıtlar yok denecek kadar azdır. Ancak günümüzde bazı zararlılardan şikayet edilmektedir. Dünyanın değişik bölgelerinde kenevirlerde önemli kayıplara neden olan ve ülkemizde de varlığı bilinen bu zararlı türlerin, kenevir üretiminde potansiyel zararlı olma ihtimali vardır. Bu türler arasında; Avrupa mısır kurdu [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)], Avrasya kenevir kurdu [Grapholita delineana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], Kenevir pire böcekleri [Psylliodes attenuata Koch, P. punctulata Melsh, Phyllotreta pusilla Horn, P. nemorum Linnaeus ve Systena blanda Melsheime (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)], Kenevirde zararlı yaprak bitleri [Mysuz persicae Sulzer, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Phorodon cannabis Passerini, P. humuli Schrank ve Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)], Thripsler [Thrips tabaci Lind ve Frankniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)], Kenevirde zararlı akarlar [Tetranychus urticae Koch ve T. cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae)] gibi zararlıların yanı sıra, Sümüklü böcek ve salyangoz, memeliler ve kuşlar gibi genel zararlılar da vardır. Kenevir zararlıları ile entegre mücadele anlayışı ile hareket etmek, kenevir ekosistemindeki faydalı böcekleri ve doğal dengenin korunmasını sağlayacaktır. Entegre mücadele anlayışı, zararlı sorununun devam etmesini engelleyecektir. Yapılan bu derlemede dünyada kenevirde zarar yapan türler ve faydalı böcekler listelenmiştir. Ayrıca ülkemizde bulunan potansiyel kenevir zararlılarının entegre mücadele kapsamında kontrol yöntemleri ortaya konmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Agrios G, 1997. Plant Pathology, 4th Ed. Academic Press, NY. 635 pp., San Diego.
  • Aksoy HA, Bahadıroğlu C, Toroğlu S, 2014. Bazı Mısır Zararlılarına Karşı Radyasyon Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 415-424.
  • Alexander T, 1987. Rodent problems. Sinsemilla Tips 7(1): 9-10.
  • Angelova R, 1968. Characteristics of the bionomics of the hemp flea beetle, Psylliodes attenuatus Koch. Rastenievudni Nauki, 5(8), 105-114.
  • Anonim, 2019. Kenevir Yetiştiriciliği ve Kontrolü Hakkında Yönetmelik. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160929-3.htm (Erişim tarihi: 22.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019a. Colorado State University hemp insect website. https://hempinsects.agsci.colostate.edu/hemp-insects-text/ (Erişim tarihi:11.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019b. University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology website. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/e_corn_borer.htm. (Erişim tarihi: 22.08.2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019c. Michigan State University. Industrial hemp production in Michigan website. https://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/industrial-hemp-production-in-michigan-e3402. (Erişim tarihi:10.08.2019)
  • Aytaç S, Arslanoğlu ŞF, Ayan AK, 2018. Ziraat Bilimlerinde Güncel Akademik Çalışmalar-2018, Suçlu Olarak Bilinen Bitki: Kenevir, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330118009_Suclu_Olarak_Bilinen_Bitki_Kenevir (Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019)
  • Bako L, Nitri I, 1977. Pokusy s ochranou proti obal'ovaci konopnemu (Grapholitha sinana Feld). Len a Konopi. [Sumperk, Czech Rep] 15:13-31.
  • Bakro F, Wielgusz K, Bunalski M, Jedryczka M, 2018. An overview of pathogen and insect threats to fibre and oilseed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and methods for their biocontrol. Welcome at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb!, 136, 9-20.
  • Bradley JD, 2000. Checklist of Lepidoptera recorded from the British Isles, 1. Baskı, Antony Rowe Ltd, England.
  • Doctor B, 1986. A closer look at spider mites. Sinsemilla Tips 6(2):31-33, 84.
  • Campbell CA, Cone WW, 1994. Influence of predators on population development of Phorodon humuli (Homoptera: Aphididae) on hops. Environmental entomology, 23(6), 1391-1396.
  • Clarke RC, Diemenstraat V, 1995. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation in the Tai’an district of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 2(2), 57-60.
  • Cloyd RA, Brownbridge M, Sadof CS, 1998. Greenhouse biological control of western flower thrips. The IPM practitioner: the newsletter of integrated pest management (USA).
  • Coşkuntuncel S, Kornoşor S, 1996. Çukurova'da Mısır kurdu (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)'nun Biyolojik Mücadelesinde Yumurta Parazitoidi (Trichogramma evanescens Westwood Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)'nin Kitle Salım Etkinliği ile Doğal Parazitleme Oranının Saptanması. Türkiye III. Entomoloji Kongresi, 24-28.
  • Feng Z, Carruthers RI, Roberts DW, Robson DS, 1985. Age-specific dose-mortality effects of Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) on the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 46(3), 259-264.
  • Gedik G, Avinç OO, Yavaş A, 2010. Kenevir lifinin özellikleri ve tekstil endüstrisinde kullanımıyla sağladığı avantajlar. Tekstil Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 4(3), 39-48.
  • Grabowska L, Rębarz M, Chudy M, 2009. Breeding and cultivation of industrial hemp in Poland. Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, vol. 55. No. 3.
  • Grigoryev SV, 1998. Survey of the VIR Cannabis collection: resistance of acces sions to corn stem borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hb.). J. International Hemp Association, 5(2), 72-74.
  • Hartowicz LE, Eaton BJ, 1971. Reducing the impact of wild hemp control on farm game. In North Central Weed Control Conference, Proceedings (Vol. 26, p. 70).
  • Hill DS, 1987. Agricultural insect pests of temperate regions and their control. CUP Archive.
  • Hill DS, 2008. Pests of crops in warmer climates and their control. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Kalacska M, Arroyo-Mora P, Snirer E, Parent R, 2011. Review of cannabis properties and experiments for its biological control. World Wide Weed: Global Trends in Cannabis Cultivation and Its Control, 215.
  • Kennedy JS, Booth CO, Kershaw WJS, 1959. Host Fındıng By Aphıds in The Fıeld: Aphıs Fabae Scop.(Gynoparae) And Brevıcoryne Brassıcae L.; wıth A Re‐Appraısal Of The Role of Host‐Fındıng Behavıour in Vırus Spread. Annals of Applied Biology, 47(3), 424-444.
  • Kepenekci İ, Evlice E, 2009. Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)’nin İki Irkının Labaratuvar Koşullarında Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ve Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Larvaları Üzerindeki Etkileri, Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, Özet, 15-18 Temmuz, Van.
  • Kirchner O, 1906. Hanf, Cannabis sativa L. pp. 319-323 in Die Krankheiten und Befehadigungen uhferer landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen. E. Ulmer, Stuttgart. 637 pp.
  • Lassen G, 1988. The great outdoors. Sinsemilla Tips 8(1):43-48
  • Lösel PM, Lindemann M, Scherkenbeck J, Campbell CA, Hardie J, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ, 1996. Effect of primary-host kairomones on the attractiveness of the hop-aphid sex pheromone to Phorodon humuli males and gynoparae. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships (pp. 79-82). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • McPartland JM, Rhode B, 2005. New hemp diseases and pests in New Zealand. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 10(1), 99-108.
  • McPartland JM, 1996. Cannabis pests. Journal of the International Hemp Association, 3(2), 49-52.
  • McPartland JM, 1999. A Survey of Hemp Diseases and Pests, in Advances in hemp research, edited by P. Ranalli. New York, NY: Food Productions Press, 109-32.
  • McPartland JM, 2000. Biological Control of Hemp Diseases and Pests. Paper presented at the Third International Symposium: Bioresource Hemp. Wolfsburg (Germany), 13-16th September, 2000.
  • McPartland JM, 2002. Epidemiology of the Hemp Borer, Grapholita delineana Walker (Lepidoptera: Oleuthreutidae), a Pest of Cannabis sativa L. Journal of Industrial Hemp, 7(1), 25-42.
  • McPartland JM, Clarke RC, Watson DP, 2000. Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control. An Advanced Treatise. CABI, New York. 251 pp. DOI:10.1079/9780851994543.0000
  • Nagy B, 1959. Kukoricamoly okozta elváltozások és károsítási formák kenderen. Különlenyomat a Kísérletügyi Közlemények (Növénytermesztés) 52(4):49-66.
  • Nagy B, 1979. Different aspects of flight activity of the hemp moth, Grapholitha delineana Walk. related to the integrated control. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 14(3/4), 481-488.
  • Olkowski W, Daarand S, Olkowski H, 1991. Common Sense Pest Control. Taunton Press, Newtown, CT. 721 pp.
  • Olkowski W, Daarand S, Olkowski H, 2013. Gardener’s Guide to Common Sense Pest Control. ed. S. Ash. Taunton Press, Newtown, CT. 391 pp
  • Öztemiz S, 2006. Mısırkurdu ve Biyolojik Mücadelesi. Ticaret Borsası Yayınları, Konya, 23, 52-57.
  • Parker WB, 1913. hop aphis in the Pacific region. USDA Entomology Bulletin 111:9-39
  • Peteanu S, 1980. Contributii la studiul combaterii biologice si integrate a moliei cinepii (Grapholita decineana Walker). Productia vegetala; cereale si plante tehnice. 32(2):39-43
  • Phelan PL, Norris KH, Mason JF, 1996. Soil-management history and host preference by Ostrinia nubilalis: evidence for plant mineral balance mediating insect–plant interactions. Environmental Entomology, 25(6), 1329-1336.
  • Pimentel D, McLaughlin L, Zepp A, Lakitan B, Kraus T, Kleinman P, Vancini F, Roach WJ, Graap E, Keeton WS, Selig G, 1993. Environmental and economic impacts of reducing US agricultural pesticide use. In The Pesticide Question (pp. 223-278). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Quarles W, 2018. IPM for Cannabis Pests. The IPM practitioner monitoring the field of pest management Volume XXXVI, Number 5/6. Available from URL: https://www.birc.org/IPMPCannabis.pdf (Erişim tarihi:11.08.2019)
  • Schultes RE, Klein WM, Plowman T, Lockwood TE, 1974. Cannabis: an example of taxonomic neglect. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University, 23(9), 337-367.
  • Seçil ES, Sevim A, Demirbağ Z, Demir İ, 2011. Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’ten Entomopatojen Bakterilerin İzolasyonu ve Karakterizasyonu, Türkiye IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 28-30 Haziran, Özet, Kahramanmaraş.
  • Shutova NN, Strygina SP, 1969. The hemp moth. Zashchita Rasteniî, 14(11), 49-50.
  • Silantyev A, 1897. Results investigations of the Hip (Hop, Flax) and Beet Flea. Ministry Agriculture and Government Estates, St. Petersburg 7 pp.
  • Smith GE, Haney A, 1973. Grapholitha tristrigana (Clemens)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on naturalized hemp (Canabis sativa L.) in east-central Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science.
  • Sorauer P, 1958. Manual of plant pathology. Vol V. Animal pests of useful plants. Part 2, No. 5. Vertebrata.
  • Tiwari S, Youngman RR, Laub CA, Brewster CC, Jordan TA, Teutsch C, 2009. European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infestation level and plant growth stage on whole-plant corn yield grown for silage in Virginia. Journal of economic entomology, 102(6), 2146-2153.
  • Tüik, 2018. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr;10.08.2019 (Erişim tarihi:21.08.2019)
  • Yepsen RB, 1976. Organic plant protection. Rodale Press, Inc. Emmaus, PA. 688 pp.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Bitki Koruma / Plant Protection
Yazarlar

Yeter Küçüktopçu 0000-0002-2104-5764

İslam Saruhan 0000-0003-0229-9627

Şeyma Yiğit 0000-0003-2268-5103

İzzet Akça 0000-0001-9617-8820

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2019
Kabul Tarihi 14 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçüktopçu, Y., Saruhan, İ., Yiğit, Ş., Akça, İ. (2020). Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 10(2), 732-747. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.633412
AMA Küçüktopçu Y, Saruhan İ, Yiğit Ş, Akça İ. Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Haziran 2020;10(2):732-747. doi:10.21597/jist.633412
Chicago Küçüktopçu, Yeter, İslam Saruhan, Şeyma Yiğit, ve İzzet Akça. “Kenevir Zararlıları Ile Entegre Mücadele”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10, sy. 2 (Haziran 2020): 732-47. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.633412.
EndNote Küçüktopçu Y, Saruhan İ, Yiğit Ş, Akça İ (01 Haziran 2020) Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10 2 732–747.
IEEE Y. Küçüktopçu, İ. Saruhan, Ş. Yiğit, ve İ. Akça, “Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 732–747, 2020, doi: 10.21597/jist.633412.
ISNAD Küçüktopçu, Yeter vd. “Kenevir Zararlıları Ile Entegre Mücadele”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 10/2 (Haziran 2020), 732-747. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.633412.
JAMA Küçüktopçu Y, Saruhan İ, Yiğit Ş, Akça İ. Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2020;10:732–747.
MLA Küçüktopçu, Yeter vd. “Kenevir Zararlıları Ile Entegre Mücadele”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 10, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 732-47, doi:10.21597/jist.633412.
Vancouver Küçüktopçu Y, Saruhan İ, Yiğit Ş, Akça İ. Kenevir Zararlıları ile Entegre Mücadele. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2020;10(2):732-47.