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Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 3064 - 3074, 01.12.2023

Ayşegül Efendioğlu Çelik Mine Aksoy Mahmut Dok Kadir Aydın Celal Yücel

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1274305

Öz

The use of products with high biomass yield per unit area as a renewable energy source, which are not consumed primarily for food purposes or can be used for multi-purposes, is of great importance in terms of food safety. For this purpose, sweet sorghum plant, which can grow in salty-alkaline soils, tolerant to drought and short-term floods, and has wide adaptability, has gained importance as a lignocellulosic bioethanol raw material in recent years. The aim of this study is to theoretically determine the lignocellulosic bioethanol yield of 21 different sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotypes grown under second crop conditions in the ecology of Şanlıurfa province, obtained from domestic and foreign sources. In the study, sweet sorghum pulp from plant sap was used as lignocellulosic bioethanol raw material. The cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the pulp were determined and the amount of lignocellulosic bioethanol that could be obtained per decare was calculated by using the bioethanol conversion rates. According to the data obtained, the highest yield was obtained from UNL-Hybrid-3 (805.5 L/da), Theis (766.5 L/da), Smith (698.1 L/da) genotypes. In order to solve problems such as increasing the octane of gasoline, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and gasoline imports, it is recommended that these three genotypes be cultivated and disseminated for lignocellulosic bioethanol production in Şanlıurfa ecological conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable energy Cellulose Sweet sorghum Pulp

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

114O948

Teşekkür

We thank TUBITAK for their support.

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, M., Çelik, A., Dok, M., Yücel, C., & Aydin, K. (2023). Determination of Cellulosic Bioethanol Yield of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes Grown Under Cukurova Conditions. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1065433
  • Almodares, A., & Sepahi, A. (1996). Comparison among sweet sorghum cultivars, lines and hybrids for sugar production. Annals of Plant Physiology, 10, 50-55.
  • Almodares, A., Hotjatabady, R. H., & Mirniam, E. (2013). Effects of drought stress on biomass and carbohydrate contents of two sweet sorghum cultivars. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(3), 585.
  • Almolares, A., Abdy, M., Somani, R. B., & Jilani, S. K. (1999). Comparative study of sorghum sudangarass hybrids and lines for forage. Annals of Plant Physiology, 13(1), 6-10.
  • Anonymous, (2003). 2002 Su Yılı Hidrometeorolojik Rasat Verileri. Şanlıurfa- Harran Ovası. Köy Hizmetleri Şanlıurfa Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • Atalay, İ., & Mortan, K. (2006). Türkiye Bölgesel Coğrafyası, İnkılâp Kitabevi. 3. Baskı, s.585-620 Ankara-Turkiye.
  • Badger, P. C. (2002). Ethanol from cellulose: a general review. Trends in new crops and new uses, 14, 17-21. https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/pdf/badger.pdf
  • Balat, M., & Balat, H. (2009). Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Applied energy, 86(11), 2273-2282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.015
  • Barcelos, C. A., Maeda, R. N., Santa Anna, L. M. M., & Pereira Jr, N. (2016). Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 94, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.012
  • Batog, J., Frankowski, J., Wawro, A., & Łacka, A. (2020). Bioethanol production from biomass of selected sorghum varieties cultivated as main and second crop. Energies, 13(23), 6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236291
  • Billa, E., Koullas, D. P., Monties, B., & Koukios, E. G. (1997). Structure and composition of sweet sorghum stalk components. Industrial Crops and Products, 6(3-4), 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00031-9
  • Burešová, I., & Hřivna, L. (2011). Effect of wheat gluten proteins on bioethanol yield from grain. Applied Energy, 88(4), 1205-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.036
  • Chiaramonti, D., Grassi, G., Nardi, A., & Grimm, H. P. (2004). ECHI-T: large bio-ethanol project from sweet sorghum in China and Italy. Energia Trasporti Agricoltura, Florence, Italy.
  • Cifuentes, R., Bressani, R., & Rolz, C. (2014). The potential of sweet sorghum as a source of ethanol and protein. Energy for Sustainable Development, 21, 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2014.04.002
  • de Almeida, L. G. F., da Costa Parrella, R. A., Simeone, M. L. F., de Oliveira Ribeiro, P. C., dos Santos, A. S., da Costa, A. S. V., ... & Schaffert, R. E. (2019). Composition and growth of sorghum biomass genotypes for ethanol production. Biomass and bioenergy, 122, 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.030
  • Dinç, U., Şenol, S., Satın, M., Kapur, S., Güzel, N., Derici, R., ... & Kara, E. E. (1988). Güneydoğu Anadolu Toprakları (GAT), I. Harran Ovası, TÜBİTAK, TOAG, 534.
  • Dolciotti, I., Mambelli, S., Grandi, S., & Venturi, G. (1998). Comparison of two sorghum genotypes for sugar and fiber production. Industrial Crops and Products, 7(2-3), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00057-5
  • Frankowski, J., Wawro, A., Batog, J., Szambelan, K., & Łacka, A. (2022). Bioethanol Production Efficiency from Sorghum Waste Biomass. Energies, 15(9), 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093132
  • Ganesh Kumar, C., Fatima, A., Srinivasa Rao, P., Reddy, B. V., Rathore, A., Nageswar Rao, R., ... & Kamal, A. (2010). Characterization of improved sweet sorghum genotypes for biochemical parameters, sugar yield and its attributes at different phenological stages. Sugar Tech, 12, 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-010-0045-1
  • Gnansounou, E., Dauriat, A., & Wyman, C. E. (2005). Refining sweet sorghum to ethanol and sugar: economic trade-offs in the context of North China. Bioresource technology, 96(9), 985-1002.
  • Guimarães, C. C., Simeone, M. L. F., Parrella, R. A., & Sena, M. M. (2014). Use of NIRS to predict composition and bioethanol yield from cell wall structural components of sweet sorghum biomass. Microchemical Journal, 117, 194-201.
  • Gyalai-Korpos, M., Feczak, J., & Reczey, K. (2008). Sweet sorghum juice and bagasse as a possible feedstock for bioethanol production. Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef900317s
  • Kaplan, M., Aydin, S., & Fidan, M. S. (2009). Geleceğin alternatif enerji kaynağı biyoetanolün önemi ve sorgum bitkisi. KSU Journal of Engineering Sciences, 12(1), 24-33.
  • Kutlu, H. R. (2008). Yem değerlendirme ve analiz yöntemleri (Ders notu). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Adana, 20.
  • Lal, R. (2008). Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bioethanol production. Waste management, 28(4), 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.023
  • Marx, S., Ndaba, B., Chiyanzu, I., & Schabort, C. (2014). Fuel ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse using microwave irradiation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 65, 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.019
  • Murray, S. C., Rooney, W. L., Hamblin, M. T., Mitchell, S. E., & Kresovich, S. (2009). Sweet sorghum genetic diversity and association mapping for brix and height. The plant genome, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2008.10.0011
  • Nahar, K. (2011). Sweet sorghum: an alternative feedstock for bioethanol. Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy & Environment, 2(1).
  • Negro, M. J., Solano, M. L., Ciria, P., & Carrasco, J. (1999). Composting of sweet sorghum bagasse with other wastes. Bioresource technology, 67(1), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00100-5
  • Rakhmetova, S. O., Vergun, O. M., Blume, R. Y., Bondarchuk, O. P., Shymanska, O. V., Tsygankov, S. P., ... & Rakhmetov, D. B. (2020). Ethanol production potential of sweet sorghum in North and Central Ukraine. The Open Agriculture Journal, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010321
  • Reddy, B. V. S., & Reddy, P. S. (2003). Sweet sorghum: characteristics and potential. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 44, 26-28.
  • Reddy, B. V., Ramesh, S., Reddy, P. S., Ramaiah, B., Salimath, M., & Kachapur, R. (2005). Sweet sorghum-a potential alternate raw material for bio-ethanol and bio-energy. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 46, 79-86.
  • Shinde, M. S., Repe, S. S., Gaikwad, A. R., Dalvi, U. S., & Gadakh, S. R. (2013). Physio-biochemical assessment of sweet sorghum genotypes during post rainy season. J. Acad. Indus. Res, 1(8).
  • Umagiliyage, A. L., Choudhary, R., Liang, Y., Haddock, J., & Watson, D. G. (2015). Laboratory scale optimization of alkali pretreatment for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse. Industrial Crops and Products, 74, 977-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.044 Wang, F., & Liu, C. Z. (2009). Development of an economic refining strategy of sweet sorghum in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Energy & Fuels, 23(8), 4137-4142.
  • Yurtsever, N. (1984). Deneysel istatistik metotlar. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Zhao, Y. L., Dolat, A., Steinberger, Y., Wang, X., Osman, A., & Xie, G. H. (2009). Biomass yield and changes in chemical composition of sweet sorghum cultivars grown for biofuel. Field Crops Research, 111(1-2), 55-64.

Şanlıurfa Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Tatlı Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotiplerinin Lignoselülozik Biyoetanol Verimleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 3064 - 3074, 01.12.2023

Ayşegül Efendioğlu Çelik Mine Aksoy Mahmut Dok Kadir Aydın Celal Yücel

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1274305

Öz

Yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak birim alanda yüksek biyokütle verimine sahip olan, birinci derecede gıda amaçlı olarak tüketilmeyen veya çok amaçlı olarak kullanılabilen ürünlerin kullanımı gıda güvenliği açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla, tuzlu-alkali topraklarda yetişebilen, kuraklığa ve kısa süreli su baskınlarına toleranslı, geniş adaptasyon yeteneğine sahip olan tatlı sorgum bitkisi lignoselülozik biyoetanol hammaddesi olarak son yıllarda oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tohumu yurtiçi ve yurtdışı kaynaklardan temin edilen, Şanlıurfa ili ekolojisinde ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilen 21 farklı tatlı sorgum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) genotipinin lignoselülozik biyoetanol verimini teorik olarak belirlemektir. Çalışmada lignoselülozik biyoetanol hammaddesi olarak bitki özsuyu alınan tatlı sorgum posaları kullanılmıştır. Posaların selüloz ve hemiselüloz içeriği belirlenmiş ve biyoetanole dönüşüm oranlarından faydalanılarak dekara elde edilebilecek lignoselülozik biyoetanol miktarı hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek verim UNL-Hybrid-3 (805.5 L/da), Theis (766.5 L/da), Smith (698.1 L/da) genotiplerinden elde edilmiştir. Benzinin oktanını artırmak, sera gazı emisyonu ve benzin ithalatını azaltmak gibi sorunları çözmek için, Şanlıurfa ekolojik koşullarında bu üç genotipin lignoselülozik biyoetanol üretimi amaçlı olarak yetiştirilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yenilenebilir enerji Selüloz Tatlı sorgum Posa

Proje Numarası

114O948

Kaynakça

  • Aksoy, M., Çelik, A., Dok, M., Yücel, C., & Aydin, K. (2023). Determination of Cellulosic Bioethanol Yield of Sweet Sorghum Genotypes Grown Under Cukurova Conditions. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1065433
  • Almodares, A., & Sepahi, A. (1996). Comparison among sweet sorghum cultivars, lines and hybrids for sugar production. Annals of Plant Physiology, 10, 50-55.
  • Almodares, A., Hotjatabady, R. H., & Mirniam, E. (2013). Effects of drought stress on biomass and carbohydrate contents of two sweet sorghum cultivars. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(3), 585.
  • Almolares, A., Abdy, M., Somani, R. B., & Jilani, S. K. (1999). Comparative study of sorghum sudangarass hybrids and lines for forage. Annals of Plant Physiology, 13(1), 6-10.
  • Anonymous, (2003). 2002 Su Yılı Hidrometeorolojik Rasat Verileri. Şanlıurfa- Harran Ovası. Köy Hizmetleri Şanlıurfa Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Yayınları.
  • Atalay, İ., & Mortan, K. (2006). Türkiye Bölgesel Coğrafyası, İnkılâp Kitabevi. 3. Baskı, s.585-620 Ankara-Turkiye.
  • Badger, P. C. (2002). Ethanol from cellulose: a general review. Trends in new crops and new uses, 14, 17-21. https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/pdf/badger.pdf
  • Balat, M., & Balat, H. (2009). Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Applied energy, 86(11), 2273-2282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.015
  • Barcelos, C. A., Maeda, R. N., Santa Anna, L. M. M., & Pereira Jr, N. (2016). Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production. Biomass and Bioenergy, 94, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.012
  • Batog, J., Frankowski, J., Wawro, A., & Łacka, A. (2020). Bioethanol production from biomass of selected sorghum varieties cultivated as main and second crop. Energies, 13(23), 6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236291
  • Billa, E., Koullas, D. P., Monties, B., & Koukios, E. G. (1997). Structure and composition of sweet sorghum stalk components. Industrial Crops and Products, 6(3-4), 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00031-9
  • Burešová, I., & Hřivna, L. (2011). Effect of wheat gluten proteins on bioethanol yield from grain. Applied Energy, 88(4), 1205-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.036
  • Chiaramonti, D., Grassi, G., Nardi, A., & Grimm, H. P. (2004). ECHI-T: large bio-ethanol project from sweet sorghum in China and Italy. Energia Trasporti Agricoltura, Florence, Italy.
  • Cifuentes, R., Bressani, R., & Rolz, C. (2014). The potential of sweet sorghum as a source of ethanol and protein. Energy for Sustainable Development, 21, 13-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2014.04.002
  • de Almeida, L. G. F., da Costa Parrella, R. A., Simeone, M. L. F., de Oliveira Ribeiro, P. C., dos Santos, A. S., da Costa, A. S. V., ... & Schaffert, R. E. (2019). Composition and growth of sorghum biomass genotypes for ethanol production. Biomass and bioenergy, 122, 343-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.030
  • Dinç, U., Şenol, S., Satın, M., Kapur, S., Güzel, N., Derici, R., ... & Kara, E. E. (1988). Güneydoğu Anadolu Toprakları (GAT), I. Harran Ovası, TÜBİTAK, TOAG, 534.
  • Dolciotti, I., Mambelli, S., Grandi, S., & Venturi, G. (1998). Comparison of two sorghum genotypes for sugar and fiber production. Industrial Crops and Products, 7(2-3), 265-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(97)00057-5
  • Frankowski, J., Wawro, A., Batog, J., Szambelan, K., & Łacka, A. (2022). Bioethanol Production Efficiency from Sorghum Waste Biomass. Energies, 15(9), 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093132
  • Ganesh Kumar, C., Fatima, A., Srinivasa Rao, P., Reddy, B. V., Rathore, A., Nageswar Rao, R., ... & Kamal, A. (2010). Characterization of improved sweet sorghum genotypes for biochemical parameters, sugar yield and its attributes at different phenological stages. Sugar Tech, 12, 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-010-0045-1
  • Gnansounou, E., Dauriat, A., & Wyman, C. E. (2005). Refining sweet sorghum to ethanol and sugar: economic trade-offs in the context of North China. Bioresource technology, 96(9), 985-1002.
  • Guimarães, C. C., Simeone, M. L. F., Parrella, R. A., & Sena, M. M. (2014). Use of NIRS to predict composition and bioethanol yield from cell wall structural components of sweet sorghum biomass. Microchemical Journal, 117, 194-201.
  • Gyalai-Korpos, M., Feczak, J., & Reczey, K. (2008). Sweet sorghum juice and bagasse as a possible feedstock for bioethanol production. Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef900317s
  • Kaplan, M., Aydin, S., & Fidan, M. S. (2009). Geleceğin alternatif enerji kaynağı biyoetanolün önemi ve sorgum bitkisi. KSU Journal of Engineering Sciences, 12(1), 24-33.
  • Kutlu, H. R. (2008). Yem değerlendirme ve analiz yöntemleri (Ders notu). Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Adana, 20.
  • Lal, R. (2008). Crop residues as soil amendments and feedstock for bioethanol production. Waste management, 28(4), 747-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.023
  • Marx, S., Ndaba, B., Chiyanzu, I., & Schabort, C. (2014). Fuel ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse using microwave irradiation. Biomass and Bioenergy, 65, 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.11.019
  • Murray, S. C., Rooney, W. L., Hamblin, M. T., Mitchell, S. E., & Kresovich, S. (2009). Sweet sorghum genetic diversity and association mapping for brix and height. The plant genome, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2008.10.0011
  • Nahar, K. (2011). Sweet sorghum: an alternative feedstock for bioethanol. Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy & Environment, 2(1).
  • Negro, M. J., Solano, M. L., Ciria, P., & Carrasco, J. (1999). Composting of sweet sorghum bagasse with other wastes. Bioresource technology, 67(1), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00100-5
  • Rakhmetova, S. O., Vergun, O. M., Blume, R. Y., Bondarchuk, O. P., Shymanska, O. V., Tsygankov, S. P., ... & Rakhmetov, D. B. (2020). Ethanol production potential of sweet sorghum in North and Central Ukraine. The Open Agriculture Journal, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010321
  • Reddy, B. V. S., & Reddy, P. S. (2003). Sweet sorghum: characteristics and potential. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 44, 26-28.
  • Reddy, B. V., Ramesh, S., Reddy, P. S., Ramaiah, B., Salimath, M., & Kachapur, R. (2005). Sweet sorghum-a potential alternate raw material for bio-ethanol and bio-energy. International Sorghum and Millets Newsletter, 46, 79-86.
  • Shinde, M. S., Repe, S. S., Gaikwad, A. R., Dalvi, U. S., & Gadakh, S. R. (2013). Physio-biochemical assessment of sweet sorghum genotypes during post rainy season. J. Acad. Indus. Res, 1(8).
  • Umagiliyage, A. L., Choudhary, R., Liang, Y., Haddock, J., & Watson, D. G. (2015). Laboratory scale optimization of alkali pretreatment for improving enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse. Industrial Crops and Products, 74, 977-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.05.044 Wang, F., & Liu, C. Z. (2009). Development of an economic refining strategy of sweet sorghum in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Energy & Fuels, 23(8), 4137-4142.
  • Yurtsever, N. (1984). Deneysel istatistik metotlar. Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Zhao, Y. L., Dolat, A., Steinberger, Y., Wang, X., Osman, A., & Xie, G. H. (2009). Biomass yield and changes in chemical composition of sweet sorghum cultivars grown for biofuel. Field Crops Research, 111(1-2), 55-64.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Tarla Bitkileri / Field Crops
Yazarlar

Ayşegül Efendioğlu Çelik 0000-0002-5769-5005

Mine Aksoy 0000-0002-3173-6577

Mahmut Dok 0000-0002-1558-7452

Kadir Aydın 0000-0002-1583-9605

Celal Yücel 0000-0001-6792-5890

Proje Numarası 114O948
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Efendioğlu Çelik, A., Aksoy, M., Dok, M., Aydın, K., vd. (2023). Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 3064-3074. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1274305
AMA Efendioğlu Çelik A, Aksoy M, Dok M, Aydın K, Yücel C. Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Aralık 2023;13(4):3064-3074. doi:10.21597/jist.1274305
Chicago Efendioğlu Çelik, Ayşegül, Mine Aksoy, Mahmut Dok, Kadir Aydın, ve Celal Yücel. “Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor Var. Saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 3064-74. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1274305.
EndNote Efendioğlu Çelik A, Aksoy M, Dok M, Aydın K, Yücel C (01 Aralık 2023) Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 4 3064–3074.
IEEE A. Efendioğlu Çelik, M. Aksoy, M. Dok, K. Aydın, ve C. Yücel, “Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 13, sy. 4, ss. 3064–3074, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1274305.
ISNAD Efendioğlu Çelik, Ayşegül vd. “Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor Var. Saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/4 (Aralık 2023), 3064-3074. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1274305.
JAMA Efendioğlu Çelik A, Aksoy M, Dok M, Aydın K, Yücel C. Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:3064–3074.
MLA Efendioğlu Çelik, Ayşegül vd. “Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor Var. Saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 13, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 3064-7, doi:10.21597/jist.1274305.
Vancouver Efendioğlu Çelik A, Aksoy M, Dok M, Aydın K, Yücel C. Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Efficiency of Different Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. saccharatum (L.) Mohlenbr.) Genotypes in Şanlıurfa Ecological Conditions. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(4):3064-7.
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