Türkiye’de İki İlde Optimum Eğim Açılarında Eğimli Yüzeyde Aylık, Mevsimsel, Yıllık Toplam Güneş Işınımının Tahmini
Öz
Güneş panelleri kullanılan güneş enerjisi sistemlerinde, güneş enerjisi üretimini optimize etmek için panellerin konumlandırılacağı yerde monte edilirken kullanılacak, en iyi eğim açısını bilmek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye'nin coğrafi olarak farklı bölgelerinde yer alan Tekirdağ ve Konya illerinde uzun yıllara ait meteorolojik güneşlenme verileri kullanılarak aylık, mevsimsel ve yıllık optimum güneş paneli eğim açıları belirlenmiştir. Tekirdağ ili için hesaplanan optimum eğim açılarında, eğimli yüzeydeki aylık, mevsimsel ve yıllık toplam güneş ışınımı sırasıyla 1516.7 m-2 yıl-1, 1504.1 kWh m-2 yıl-1 ve 1448.1 m-2 yıl-1 olmuştur. Konya ili için yapılan hesaplamalarda ise bu değerler sırasıyla 1851.4 m-2 yıl-1, 1833.51 m-2 yıl-1 ve 1754.7 m-2 yıl-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Mevsimsel ve yıllık optimum eğim açılarında, eğimli yüzeyde elde edilen toplam güneş ışınımı değerlerinde aylık optimum eğim açısına göre sırasıyla yaklaşık %1 ve %5 oranında kayıp olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca eğimli yüzeydeki aylık ortalama günlük ışınım ile panel eğim açıları arasındaki ilişkinin katsayıları her ay için kübik regresyon modeli kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kübik regresyon modeli katsayıları Tekirdağ ve Konya illerinde her ay için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Kübik regresyon modeli için her iki ilde de tüm ayların R2 (Determinasyon Katsayısı) değeri 0,999'dur. Yüksek R2 değeri seçilen modelin bağımsız değişkeni olan panel eğim açılarındaki varyansın, bağımlı değişken olan eğimli yüzeydeki aylık ortalama günlük ışınımın sahip olduğu varyansın 99.9%' unu açıklayabildiğini göstermektedir. İki yöntemle elde edilen en iyi eğim açılarında eğimli yüzeye aylara göre ulaşan toplam güneş ışınımı miktarları arasında fark olup olmadığını belirlemek için t-testi kullanılarak karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Her iki ilde en iyi eğim açılarında iki yöntemle elde edilen eğimli yüzeydeki aylık ortalama günlük güneş ışınımı değerleri istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermemiştir (p>0,05; t=0,001).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Güneş ışınımı Uzay ışınımı Eğik yüzey optimum eğim açısı kübik regresyon modeli
Kaynakça
- Abdallah, S. (2004). The effect of using sun tracking systems on the voltage – current characteristics and power generation of flat plate photovoltaics. Energy Conversion and Management, 45: 1671–1679.
- Altan Duman, A., Diken, B. and Kayişoğlu, B. (2021). Prediction of photovoltaic panel power outputs using time series and artificial neural network methods. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(3): 457-469.
- Bakirci, K. (2009). Correlations for estimation of daily global solar radiation with hours of bright sunshine in Turkey. Energy, 34: 485–501.
- Bakirci, K. (2012). General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 6149–6159.
- Cooper, P. I. (1969). The absorption of solar radiation in solar stills. Solar Energy, 12: 313–331.
- Despotovic, M. and Nedic, V. (2015). Comparison of optimum tilt angles of solar collectors determined at yearly , seasonal and monthly levels. Energy Conversion and Management, 97: 121–131.
- Diken, B. and Kayişoğlu, B. (2022). Feasibility study of photovoltaic system that can be applied to Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Ziraatbiyotek Building using RetScreen Program. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(3): 656-667.
- Duffie, J. A. and Beckman, W.A. (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, USA, 1991. Erbs, D. G., Klein, S. A. and Duffie, J. A. (1982). Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly-average global radiation. Solar Energy, 28: 293–302.
- Ertekin, C. and Yaldiz, O. (1999). Estimation of monthly average daily global radiation on horizontal surface for Antalya (Turkey). Renewable Energy, 17: 95–102.
- Gong, X. and Kulkarni, M. (2005). Design optimization of a large scale rooftop photovoltaic system. Solar Energy, 78: 362–374.
- Jamil, B., Siddiqui, A. T. and Akhtar, N. (2016). Estimation of solar radiation and optimum tilt angles for south-facing surfaces in Humid Subtropical Climatic Region of India. Engineering Science Technology, an International Journal, 19: 1826–1835.
- Kacira, M., Simsek, M. and Babur, Y. (2004). Determining optimum tilt angles and orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 29: 1265–1275.
- Liu, B. Y. H. and Jordan, R. C. (1960). The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct, diffuse and total solar radiation. Solar Energy, 4: 1–19.
- Liu, B. Y. H. and Jordan, R. C. (1963). The Long-Term Average Performance of Flat-Plate Solar Energy Collectors: With Design Data for the U.S.. Solar Energy, 7 (1963): 53–74.
- Mehleri, E. D., Zervas, P. L., Sarimveis, H., Palyvos, J. A. and Markatos, N. C. (2010). Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays. Renewable Energy, 35: 2468–2475.
- Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K. and Sharifi, A. (2009). A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13: 1800–1818.
- Muzathik, A. M., Ibrahim, M. Z0., Samo, K. B. and Wan Nik, W. B. (2011). Estimation of global solar irradiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces based on the horizontal measurements. Energy, 36: 812–818.
- Psiloglou, H. D. and Kambezidis, B. E. (2007). Performance of the meteorological radiation model during the solar eclipse of 29 March 2006. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7: 6047–6059.
- Tang, R. and Wu, T. (2004). Optimal tilt-angles for solar collectors used in China. Applied Energy, 79: 239–248.
- Tomson, T. (2008). Discrete two-positional tracking of solar collectors. Renewable Energy, 33: 400–405.
- Türk Togrul, I. and Onat, E. (1999). Study for estimating solar radiation in Elazig using geographical and meteorological data. Energy Conversion and Management, 40: 1577–1584.
- Vieira, R. G., Guerra, F. K. O. M. V., Vale, M. R. B. G. and Araújo, M. M. (2016). Comparative performance analysis between static solar panels and single-axis tracking system on a hot climate region near to the equator. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64: 672–681.
- Yakup, M. H. M. and Malik, A. Q. (2001). Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collector in Brunei Darussalam. Renewable Energy, 24 (2001): 223–234.
- Yan, R., Kumar, T., Meredith, P. and Goodwin, S. (2013). Analysis of yearlong performance of differently tilted photovoltaic systems in Brisbane, Australia. Energy Conversion and Management, 74: 102–108.
- Yorukoglu, M. and Celik, A. N. (2006). A critical review on the estimation of daily global solar radiation from sunshine duration. Energy Conversion and Management, 47: 2441–2450.
Estimation of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Total Solar Radiation on the Tilted Surface at Optimum Tilt Angles in Two Provinces, Turkiye
Öz
In solar energy systems that use solar panels, it's important to know the best tilt angle to optimize solar energy production. Monthly, seasonal, and annual optimum tilt angles were determined in this study using meteorological insolation data from many years in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya, which are located in different regions of Turkey. At optimum tilt angles, monthly, seasonal, and annual total radiation on the tilted surface were 1516.7 kWh m-2 year-1, 1504.1 kWh m-2 year-1 and 1448.1 kWh m-2 year-1 in Tekirdag, respectively. In Konya, these values were 1851.4 kWh m-2 year-1, 1833.51 kWh m-2 year-1 and kWh m-2 year-1, respectively. In the seasonal and annual optimum tilt angles, there was an approximately 1% and 5% loss in the total radiation values on the tilted surface, respectively, according to the monthly optimum tilt angle. In addition, the coefficients of the relationship between the monthly mean daily radiation on the tilted surface and the tilt angles were determined for each month using the cubic regression model in both provinces. The Cubic regression model coefficients are computed for each month in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya. All months in both provinces had R2 (Coefficient of determination) values of 0.999 for the Cubic model. To determine whether there is a difference between the total amounts of radiation reaching the tilted surface for each month at the best tilt angles obtained by the two methods, the t-test was used. The monthly average daily radiation values on the tilted surface obtained by the two methods at the best tilt angles in both provinces have not been found to differ statistically (p>0.05; t=0.001).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Solar radiation extraterrestrial radiation tilted surface optimum tilt angle cubic regression model
Kaynakça
- Abdallah, S. (2004). The effect of using sun tracking systems on the voltage – current characteristics and power generation of flat plate photovoltaics. Energy Conversion and Management, 45: 1671–1679.
- Altan Duman, A., Diken, B. and Kayişoğlu, B. (2021). Prediction of photovoltaic panel power outputs using time series and artificial neural network methods. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(3): 457-469.
- Bakirci, K. (2009). Correlations for estimation of daily global solar radiation with hours of bright sunshine in Turkey. Energy, 34: 485–501.
- Bakirci, K. (2012). General models for optimum tilt angles of solar panels: Turkey case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 6149–6159.
- Cooper, P. I. (1969). The absorption of solar radiation in solar stills. Solar Energy, 12: 313–331.
- Despotovic, M. and Nedic, V. (2015). Comparison of optimum tilt angles of solar collectors determined at yearly , seasonal and monthly levels. Energy Conversion and Management, 97: 121–131.
- Diken, B. and Kayişoğlu, B. (2022). Feasibility study of photovoltaic system that can be applied to Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Ziraatbiyotek Building using RetScreen Program. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(3): 656-667.
- Duffie, J. A. and Beckman, W.A. (1991). Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, USA, 1991. Erbs, D. G., Klein, S. A. and Duffie, J. A. (1982). Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly-average global radiation. Solar Energy, 28: 293–302.
- Ertekin, C. and Yaldiz, O. (1999). Estimation of monthly average daily global radiation on horizontal surface for Antalya (Turkey). Renewable Energy, 17: 95–102.
- Gong, X. and Kulkarni, M. (2005). Design optimization of a large scale rooftop photovoltaic system. Solar Energy, 78: 362–374.
- Jamil, B., Siddiqui, A. T. and Akhtar, N. (2016). Estimation of solar radiation and optimum tilt angles for south-facing surfaces in Humid Subtropical Climatic Region of India. Engineering Science Technology, an International Journal, 19: 1826–1835.
- Kacira, M., Simsek, M. and Babur, Y. (2004). Determining optimum tilt angles and orientations of photovoltaic panels in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Renewable Energy, 29: 1265–1275.
- Liu, B. Y. H. and Jordan, R. C. (1960). The interrelationship and characteristic distribution of direct, diffuse and total solar radiation. Solar Energy, 4: 1–19.
- Liu, B. Y. H. and Jordan, R. C. (1963). The Long-Term Average Performance of Flat-Plate Solar Energy Collectors: With Design Data for the U.S.. Solar Energy, 7 (1963): 53–74.
- Mehleri, E. D., Zervas, P. L., Sarimveis, H., Palyvos, J. A. and Markatos, N. C. (2010). Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays. Renewable Energy, 35: 2468–2475.
- Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K. and Sharifi, A. (2009). A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13: 1800–1818.
- Muzathik, A. M., Ibrahim, M. Z0., Samo, K. B. and Wan Nik, W. B. (2011). Estimation of global solar irradiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces based on the horizontal measurements. Energy, 36: 812–818.
- Psiloglou, H. D. and Kambezidis, B. E. (2007). Performance of the meteorological radiation model during the solar eclipse of 29 March 2006. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7: 6047–6059.
- Tang, R. and Wu, T. (2004). Optimal tilt-angles for solar collectors used in China. Applied Energy, 79: 239–248.
- Tomson, T. (2008). Discrete two-positional tracking of solar collectors. Renewable Energy, 33: 400–405.
- Türk Togrul, I. and Onat, E. (1999). Study for estimating solar radiation in Elazig using geographical and meteorological data. Energy Conversion and Management, 40: 1577–1584.
- Vieira, R. G., Guerra, F. K. O. M. V., Vale, M. R. B. G. and Araújo, M. M. (2016). Comparative performance analysis between static solar panels and single-axis tracking system on a hot climate region near to the equator. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64: 672–681.
- Yakup, M. H. M. and Malik, A. Q. (2001). Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collector in Brunei Darussalam. Renewable Energy, 24 (2001): 223–234.
- Yan, R., Kumar, T., Meredith, P. and Goodwin, S. (2013). Analysis of yearlong performance of differently tilted photovoltaic systems in Brisbane, Australia. Energy Conversion and Management, 74: 102–108.
- Yorukoglu, M. and Celik, A. N. (2006). A critical review on the estimation of daily global solar radiation from sunshine duration. Energy Conversion and Management, 47: 2441–2450.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Biyosistem |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 12 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Eylül 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Mart 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3 |
