Öz
Kaynakça
- Aktaş S, Kalyoncuoğlu ÜY, Anadolu Kılıç NC (2018) Drought analysis using De Martonne method in the Eğirdir Lake basin. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 6(2): 229- 238.
- Anonymous (2004) BestFit, Users’s guide @risk risk analysis and simulation add-in for microsoft®excel. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www. palisade.com/risk/.
- Anonymous (2011) MEU, Republic of Turkey climate change strategy 2010-2023. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://csb.gov.tr/.
- Anonymous (2012) MEU, Republic of Turkey national climate change action plan 2011-2023. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://csb.gov.tr/.
- Anonymous (2014) IPCC, Climate change 2014 synthesis report summary for policymakers. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.ipcc.ch.
- Anonymous (2015) AAS, The science of climate change questions and answers. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.science.org.au.
- Anonymous (2018) UNFCCC, UN climate change annual report. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UN-Climate-Change-Annual-Report-2018.pdf
- Anonymous (2019a) NASA, Climate change: How do we know?. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/.
- Anonymous (2019b) WMO, WMO statement on the state of the global climate in 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2019 from, https://library.wmo.int/.
- Anonymous (2019c) GDM, Surface area of Turkey's provinces and districs. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.harita.gov.tr.
- Anonymous (2019d) ESRI, Spatial analysis. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.esri.com.
- Birpınar ME, Tuğaç C (2018) Impacts of climate change on water resources of Turkey. 4th International Conference Water Resources and Wetlands, 5-9 September, Tulcea (Romania). pp. 145-152.
- Burgess TM, Webster R (1980) Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties I, the semivariogram and punctual Kriging. Journal of Soil Science, 31(3):315-331.
- Celik MA, Gülersoy AE (2018) Climate classification and drought analysis of Mersin. Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1):1-26.
- Cetin M (2020) Agricultural Water Use. In: Harmancioglu N., Altinbilek D. (eds) Water Resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, Vol 2. Springer, Cham (First Online: 05 June, 2019).
- Cetin M (1996) Point and Areal Estimation of Precipitation by Geostatistical Methods and Stochasically Modelling: Application to Catchments. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation. Adana, Turkey, 127p (in Turkish with English abstract).
- Chow VT, Maidment DR, Ways LW (1988) Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, Inc., Civil Engineering Series, New York, 572p.
- Demircan M, Gürkan H, Eskioğlu O, Arabacı H, Coşkun M (2017) Climate change projections for Turkey: Three models and two scenarios. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 1(1):22-43.
- Erinç S. 1965. An attempt on precipitation efficiency and a new index. Istanbul University Institute Release, Baha Press, Istanbul (in Turkish).
- Haider S, Adnan S (2014) Classification and assessment of aridity over Pakistan provinces (1960-2009). International Journal of Environment, 3(4):17-35.
- İrvem A, Özbuldu M, Çıplak C (2018) Drought analysis by using stream flow data of the Seyhan Göksu-Himmetli sub-basin. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(2):148-157.
- Li Y, Yao N, Sahin S, Appels WM (2017) Spatiotemporal variability of four precipitation-based drought indices in Xinjiang, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 129:1017-1034.
- Mert BA, Dağ A (2017) Computer program for practical semivariogram modeling and Ordinary Kriging: a case study of porosity distribution in an oil field. Central European Journal of Geosciences,9:663-974.
- Mishra AK, Singh VP (2010) A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology, 391: 202-216.
- Sen Z (2015) Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction and Mitigation. Elsevier: 97801280 24225, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 484p.
- Tabios III GQ, Salas JD (1985) A Comparative analysis of techniques for spatial interpolation of precipitation. Water Resources Bulletin, 21(3):365-380.
- Tayanç M, İm U, Doğruel M, Karaca M (2009) Climate change in Turkey for the last half century. Climatic Change, 94:483-502.
- Tonkaz T, Cetin M , Tulucu K (2007) The Impact of water resources development projects on water vapor pressure trends in a semi-arid region. Turkey. Climatic Change, 82:195-209.
- Tonkaz T, Cetin M (2007) Effects of urbanization and land-use type on monthly extreme temperatures in a developing semi-arid region, Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments, 68: 143–158.
- Tonkaz T (2006) Spatio-temporal assessment of historical droughts using SPI with GIS in GAP Region, Turkey. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(12):2665-2571.
- Türkeş M, Akgündüz AS (2011) Assessment of the desertification vulnerability of the Cappadocian district (Central Anatolia, Turkey) based on aridity and climate-process system. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1): 1234-1268.
- Yılmaz AG, Imteaz MA (2014) Climate change and water resources in Turkey: a review. International Journal of Water, 8(3):299-313.
Mapping spatio-temporal tendencies of climate types in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) media: A case study in Şanlıurfa and its environs
Öz
Aims: The primary objective of this study was to figure out
spatio-temporal tendencies of climate-types in Şanlıurfa town and its environs,
located in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) area, through using Erinç Drought Index method.
Methods and Results: Data sets consisting of long-term (1965-2018) annual total
precipitation as well as average annual maximum temperature series of
Şanlıurfa, Birecik, Akçakale, Ceylanpınarı, Siverek and Bozova meteorological
stations -distributed unevenly over total surface area of 19 242 km²- were
obtained and utilized in order to calculate Erinç Drought Index (EDI) on a yearly basis. EDI time series of each station was divided into three
non-overlapping and successive parts or periods, i.e. period-1 (1965-1981), period-2 (1982-1999), period-3
(2000-2018). The best fitting probability distribution models to the EDI series of each period were, in turn,
determined by performing a regular frequency analysis procedure by Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test
at the 5% significance level. EDI
having 50% probability was estimated for the three periods of each station by
utilizing probability models determined exclusively for each predetermined
period. Afterwards, regular grids with the size of 100 m by 100 m were established over the study area in GIS media. Ordinary-Kriging interpolation technique was employed
to estimate index values at the grid points and to generate climate maps over
the study area for the three successive periods.
Conclusions: Based on the spatio-temporal tendencies
map of climate types for 3 time periods, it was concluded that the
spatio-temporal climatic characteristics of Şanlurfa province is dominated as “Arid”, “Semi-arid” and “Sub-humid“
climate type from south to north, respectively, and areas of severe drought exposure
expands northward along to Siverek in all three periods.
Significance
and Impact of the Study: Although Atatürk, Birecik, and Karkamış Dams tackle to
mitigate drought expansion in the northwest, it is unlikely that it would not prevent
the spread of the future drought drifts because of global warming. It is strongly recommended that
spatio-temporal climate change studies should be periodically
conducted in tandem with forest management practices for the whole GAP
area.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Erinç drought index drought tendency map climate-type GAP GIS
Kaynakça
- Aktaş S, Kalyoncuoğlu ÜY, Anadolu Kılıç NC (2018) Drought analysis using De Martonne method in the Eğirdir Lake basin. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 6(2): 229- 238.
- Anonymous (2004) BestFit, Users’s guide @risk risk analysis and simulation add-in for microsoft®excel. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www. palisade.com/risk/.
- Anonymous (2011) MEU, Republic of Turkey climate change strategy 2010-2023. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://csb.gov.tr/.
- Anonymous (2012) MEU, Republic of Turkey national climate change action plan 2011-2023. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://csb.gov.tr/.
- Anonymous (2014) IPCC, Climate change 2014 synthesis report summary for policymakers. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.ipcc.ch.
- Anonymous (2015) AAS, The science of climate change questions and answers. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.science.org.au.
- Anonymous (2018) UNFCCC, UN climate change annual report. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/UN-Climate-Change-Annual-Report-2018.pdf
- Anonymous (2019a) NASA, Climate change: How do we know?. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/.
- Anonymous (2019b) WMO, WMO statement on the state of the global climate in 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2019 from, https://library.wmo.int/.
- Anonymous (2019c) GDM, Surface area of Turkey's provinces and districs. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.harita.gov.tr.
- Anonymous (2019d) ESRI, Spatial analysis. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from www.esri.com.
- Birpınar ME, Tuğaç C (2018) Impacts of climate change on water resources of Turkey. 4th International Conference Water Resources and Wetlands, 5-9 September, Tulcea (Romania). pp. 145-152.
- Burgess TM, Webster R (1980) Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties I, the semivariogram and punctual Kriging. Journal of Soil Science, 31(3):315-331.
- Celik MA, Gülersoy AE (2018) Climate classification and drought analysis of Mersin. Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 16(1):1-26.
- Cetin M (2020) Agricultural Water Use. In: Harmancioglu N., Altinbilek D. (eds) Water Resources of Turkey. World Water Resources, Vol 2. Springer, Cham (First Online: 05 June, 2019).
- Cetin M (1996) Point and Areal Estimation of Precipitation by Geostatistical Methods and Stochasically Modelling: Application to Catchments. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation. Adana, Turkey, 127p (in Turkish with English abstract).
- Chow VT, Maidment DR, Ways LW (1988) Applied Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, Inc., Civil Engineering Series, New York, 572p.
- Demircan M, Gürkan H, Eskioğlu O, Arabacı H, Coşkun M (2017) Climate change projections for Turkey: Three models and two scenarios. Turkish Journal of Water Science and Management, 1(1):22-43.
- Erinç S. 1965. An attempt on precipitation efficiency and a new index. Istanbul University Institute Release, Baha Press, Istanbul (in Turkish).
- Haider S, Adnan S (2014) Classification and assessment of aridity over Pakistan provinces (1960-2009). International Journal of Environment, 3(4):17-35.
- İrvem A, Özbuldu M, Çıplak C (2018) Drought analysis by using stream flow data of the Seyhan Göksu-Himmetli sub-basin. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(2):148-157.
- Li Y, Yao N, Sahin S, Appels WM (2017) Spatiotemporal variability of four precipitation-based drought indices in Xinjiang, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 129:1017-1034.
- Mert BA, Dağ A (2017) Computer program for practical semivariogram modeling and Ordinary Kriging: a case study of porosity distribution in an oil field. Central European Journal of Geosciences,9:663-974.
- Mishra AK, Singh VP (2010) A review of drought concepts. Journal of Hydrology, 391: 202-216.
- Sen Z (2015) Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction and Mitigation. Elsevier: 97801280 24225, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 484p.
- Tabios III GQ, Salas JD (1985) A Comparative analysis of techniques for spatial interpolation of precipitation. Water Resources Bulletin, 21(3):365-380.
- Tayanç M, İm U, Doğruel M, Karaca M (2009) Climate change in Turkey for the last half century. Climatic Change, 94:483-502.
- Tonkaz T, Cetin M , Tulucu K (2007) The Impact of water resources development projects on water vapor pressure trends in a semi-arid region. Turkey. Climatic Change, 82:195-209.
- Tonkaz T, Cetin M (2007) Effects of urbanization and land-use type on monthly extreme temperatures in a developing semi-arid region, Turkey. Journal of Arid Environments, 68: 143–158.
- Tonkaz T (2006) Spatio-temporal assessment of historical droughts using SPI with GIS in GAP Region, Turkey. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(12):2665-2571.
- Türkeş M, Akgündüz AS (2011) Assessment of the desertification vulnerability of the Cappadocian district (Central Anatolia, Turkey) based on aridity and climate-process system. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1): 1234-1268.
- Yılmaz AG, Imteaz MA (2014) Climate change and water resources in Turkey: a review. International Journal of Water, 8(3):299-313.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 26 Kasım 2019 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 13 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt 24 Özel Sayı: 1st Int. Congress on Biosystems Engineering 2019 |
