Araştırma Makalesi
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Effects of proline and temperature applications on germination of black mulberry seeds

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 181 - 188, 21.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.722437

Öz

Aims: Black mulberry (Morus nigra) is a species that difficult to reproduce as vegetative and generative. For this reason, different applications are made by researchers in order to germinate their seeds more easily. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of proline applications on germination of black mulberry seeds under various temperature conditions.

Methods and Results: The seeds were kept in room temperature for 24 hours, in 1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM and 15 mM proline solutions and in the control group in the water. At the end of this period, they were placed in sterile petri dishes with three replicates of 25 seeds. Seed germination studies were carried out in plant growth cabins at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C temperatures in dark conditions. At the end of the 17-day germination period, the germination rate of the seeds in the control group varied between 28% and 70.67%, the highest germination rate was achieved at 20oC. In proline, the highest germination rate was determined with 93.33% in 10 mM proline and seeds kept at 25oC. In general, the germination rate reached the highest value on days 13 and 14 in all applications except 15oC.

Conclusions: In this study, it has been determined that black mulberry seeds germinate high rate at the 20oC without any application. This rate has exceeded 90% with the 10 mM proline at 25oC.

Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of black mulberry seedlings in the production of saplings and obtaining hybrid plants in the recent hybridization breeding studies depend on the success of seed reproduction. In this study, 10 mM proline application at 25oC was found to be very successful in reducing seed loss and increasing the germination rate.

Kaynakça

  • Ağaoğlu YS, Çelik H, Çelik M, Fidan Y, Gülşen Y, Günay A, Halloran N, Köksal İ, Yanmaz R (2001) Genel Bahçe Bitkileri. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim, Araş. ve Geliş. Vakfı Yay. No: 5, Ankara, 369s.
  • Airaki M, Leterrier M, Mateos RM, Valderrama R, Chaki M, Barroso JB, Del Rio LA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ (2012) Metabolism of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under low temperature stress. Plant, Cell and Env. 35: 281-295.
  • Al Absi KM (2010) The effects of different pre-sowing seed treatments on breaking the dormancy of mahaleb cherries, Prunus mahaleb L. seeds. Seed Sci. and Tech. 38: 332-340.
  • Aliniaeifard S, Hajilou J, Tabatabaei SJ (2016) Photosynthetic and growth responses of olive to proline and salicylic acid under salinity condition. Not. Bot. Horti Agrobo 44: 579-585.
  • Aruga H (1994) Principles of Sericulture. A.A. Balkema/Rotterdam. pp 367.
  • Aulifa DL, Fitriansyah SN, Ardiansyah SA, Wibowo DP, Julata YA, Christy DS (2017) Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and mode of action on Morus nigra. Pharmacognosy J. 10: 167-171.
  • Bonner FT (2008) Seed Biology, In: The Woody Plant Seed Manuel. Agriculture Handbook 727 (Eds. Bonner FT and Karrfalt RP), United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, USA. pp 3-38.
  • Burton PJ, Bazzaz FA (1991) Tree seedling emergence on interactive temperature and moisture gradients and in patches of old-field vegetation. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 131-149.
  • Chang JC (2008) ‘Miaoli No. 1’ Mulberry: A new cultivar for berry production. HortSci. 43: 1594-1595.
  • Çalışkan O, Mavi K, Polat AA (2012) Influences of presowing treatments on the germination and emergence of fig seeds (Ficus carica L.). Acta Sci. Agro. Mar. 34: 293-297.
  • El Obeidy AA (2005) Flowering and fruiting of cv. Pakistan mulberry under saline soil conditions in Egypt. Fruits 60: 405-411.
  • Ellis RH, Roberts EH (1981) The Quantification of Ageing and Survival in Orthodox Seeds. Seed Sci. and Tech. 9: 373-409.
  • Ercisli S (2004) A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 51: 419-435.
  • Ercisli S, Orhan E (2007) Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chem. 103: 1380-1384.
  • Erdoğan V, Aygün A (2006). Kara dut’un (Morus nigra L.) yeşil çelikle çoğlatılması üzerinde bir araştırma. II Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, 14 - 16 Eylül, Tokat, ss. 172-175.
  • Gerçekçioğlu R, Çekiç Ç (1999) Mahlep (Prunus mahaleb L.) Tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine bazı uygulamaların Etkileri. Tr. J. of Agri. and For. 23: 145-150.
  • Ghaffari H, Tadayon MR (2018) Effect of proline on seed germination indices of Castile Sugar beet cultivar seed germination criteria under drought stress. Iranian J. Seed Sci. and Tech. 7: 171-182.
  • Gosling P (2007) Raising trees and shrubs from seed. Forestry Commission 231 Corstorphine Road Edinburgh. pp 28.
  • Gündüz K, Karaat FE, Uzunoğlu F, Mavi K (2019) Influences of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and emergence of different mulberry species seeds. Acta Sci. Pol. Hort. Cult. 18: 97-104.
  • Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies FT, Geneve RL (2002) Plant propagation: principles and practices. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp 880.
  • Hayat S, Hayat Q, Alyemeni MN, Wani AS, Pichtel J, Ahmad A (2012) Role of proline under changing environments: A review. Plant Sig. and Beh. 7: 1-11.
  • Kaur G, Asthir B (2015) Proline: a key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Biol. Plant. 59: 609-619.
  • Kaur H (2017) Influence of Proline and Ascorbic acid on seed germination behavior of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salt stress. MSc Thesis, Punjab Agri. Univ., 61 p.
  • Kaur S, Gupta N (2017) Effect of proline and salicylic acid on germination and antioxidant enzymes at different temperatures in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. J. of App. and Nat. Sci. 9: 2165-2169.
  • Kavi Kishor PB, Hima Kumari P, Sunita MSL, Sreenivasulu N (2015) Role of proline in cell wall synthesis and plant development and its implications in plant ontogeny. Front. Plant Sci. 6:544.
  • Koyuncu F (2005) Breaking seed dormancy in black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) by cold stratification and exogenous application of gibberellic acid. Acta Biol. Crac. Ser. Bot. 47: 23-26.
  • Köse H (2001) Doğal bitki örtüsünde bulunan bazı odunsu süs bitkilerinin tohum çimlendirme yöntemleri üzerinde araştırmalar IV. Pistacia lentiscus L. (Sakız ağacı). Anadolu Der. 11: 1-13.
  • Mattioli R, Costantino P, Trovato M (2009) Proline accumulation in plants, Not only stress. Plant Sig. & Beh. 4: 1016-1018.
  • Neto NBM, Custosio CC, Gatti AB, Priolli MR, Jose V, Cardoso M (2004) Proline: use as an indicator of temperature stress in bean seeds. Crop Breed. and App. Bio. 4: 330-337.
  • Parcha D (2016) Effect of Seed Treatment with Proline ad Salicylic Acid on Germination in Tinda (Citrullus vulgaris L.) cv. S-48 At Different Temperatures. MSc Thesis, Punjab Agri. Univ., 74p.
  • Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, Guimaraes RCA, Freitas C (2019) Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20 (2): 1-16.
  • Schwacke R, Grallath S, Breitkreuz KE, Stransky H, Frommer WB, Rentsch D (1999) LeProT1, a transporter for proline, glycine betaine and γ-amino butyric acid in tomato pollen. Plant Cell 11:377-91.
  • Singh M, Singh A, Nehal N, Sharma N (2018) Effect of proline on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salt stress. J. of Phar. and Phyto. 7: 2449-2452.
  • Singh T, Saratchandra B (2003) Principles and techniques of silkworm seed production. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, India. pp 376.
  • Sultana N, Ikeda T, Mitsui T (2000) GA3 and proline promote germination of wheat seeds by stimulating α-amylase at unfavorable temperatures. Plant Pro. Sci. 3: 232-237.
  • Türemiş N, Pırlak L, Eşitken A, Erdoğan Ü, Tümer A, İmrak B, Burgut A (2017) A field survey of promising mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes from Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 59: 101–107.
  • Vijayan K, Srivastava PP, Raju PY, Saratchandra B (2012) Breeding for higher productivity in Mulberry. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 48: 147-156.
  • Vural U (2001) Aşılı kara dut (Morus nigra L.) fidanı üretimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri AnaBilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Yıldız K, Çekiç Ç, Güneş M, Özgen M, Özkan Y, Akça Y, Gerçekçioğlu R (2009) Farklı dönemlerde alınan kara dut (Morus nigra L.) çelik tiplerinde köklenme başarısının belirlenmesi. GOÜ. Zir. Fak. Der. 26: 1-5.

Karadut tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine prolin ve sıcaklık uygulamalarının etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 181 - 188, 21.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.722437

Öz

Amaç: Karadut (Morus nigra), vejetatif ve generatif olarak çoğaltılması zor bir türdür. Bu nedenle tohumlarının daha kolay çimlenebilmesi için araştırmacılar tarafından farklı uygulamalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da farklı sıcaklık koşullarında prolin uygulamalarının, karadut tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çimlenmeyi teşvik etmek amacıyla tohumlar, 1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM ve 15 mM prolin çözeltilerinde, kontrol grubunda ise suda olmak üzere 24 saat süre ile oda sıcaklığında bekletilmişlerdir. Bu sürenin sonunda steril petrilere, 3 tekerrürlü ve her tekerrürde 25 adet olacak şekilde yerleştirilmişlerdir. Tohum çimlendirme çalışmaları karanlık koşullarda 15°C, 20°C, 25°C ve 30°C sıcaklıklardaki bitki büyüme kabinlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 17 günlük çimlenme süresi sonunda kontrol grubundaki tohumlarda çimlenme oranı, %28 ile %70.67 arasında değişim göstermiş, en yüksek çimlenme oranı 20°C’de elde edilmiştir. Prolin uygulamalarında, en yüksek çimlenme oranı %93.33 ile 10 mM prolin uygulamasında ve 25oC’de bekletilen tohumlarda belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak çimlenme oranı, 15°C hariç, tüm uygulamalarda 13. ve 14. günlerde en yüksek değere ulaşmıştır.

Genel Yorum: Bu çalışmada, herhangi bir uygulama yapılmadan karadut tohumlarının 20oC’de yüksek oranda çimlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu oran, 25oC’de 10 mM prolin uygulamasıyla %90’ın üzerine çıkmıştır.

Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Karadut çöğürlerinin fidan üretiminde kullanılması ve son yıllarda artan melezleme ıslahı çalışmalarında melez bitkilerin elde edilmesi, tohumla çoğaltma başarısına bağlıdır. Çalışma ile tohum kaybının azaltılması ve çimlenme oranının artırılmasında 25oC 10 mM prolin uygulaması oldukça başarılı bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Ağaoğlu YS, Çelik H, Çelik M, Fidan Y, Gülşen Y, Günay A, Halloran N, Köksal İ, Yanmaz R (2001) Genel Bahçe Bitkileri. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim, Araş. ve Geliş. Vakfı Yay. No: 5, Ankara, 369s.
  • Airaki M, Leterrier M, Mateos RM, Valderrama R, Chaki M, Barroso JB, Del Rio LA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ (2012) Metabolism of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under low temperature stress. Plant, Cell and Env. 35: 281-295.
  • Al Absi KM (2010) The effects of different pre-sowing seed treatments on breaking the dormancy of mahaleb cherries, Prunus mahaleb L. seeds. Seed Sci. and Tech. 38: 332-340.
  • Aliniaeifard S, Hajilou J, Tabatabaei SJ (2016) Photosynthetic and growth responses of olive to proline and salicylic acid under salinity condition. Not. Bot. Horti Agrobo 44: 579-585.
  • Aruga H (1994) Principles of Sericulture. A.A. Balkema/Rotterdam. pp 367.
  • Aulifa DL, Fitriansyah SN, Ardiansyah SA, Wibowo DP, Julata YA, Christy DS (2017) Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and mode of action on Morus nigra. Pharmacognosy J. 10: 167-171.
  • Bonner FT (2008) Seed Biology, In: The Woody Plant Seed Manuel. Agriculture Handbook 727 (Eds. Bonner FT and Karrfalt RP), United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, USA. pp 3-38.
  • Burton PJ, Bazzaz FA (1991) Tree seedling emergence on interactive temperature and moisture gradients and in patches of old-field vegetation. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 131-149.
  • Chang JC (2008) ‘Miaoli No. 1’ Mulberry: A new cultivar for berry production. HortSci. 43: 1594-1595.
  • Çalışkan O, Mavi K, Polat AA (2012) Influences of presowing treatments on the germination and emergence of fig seeds (Ficus carica L.). Acta Sci. Agro. Mar. 34: 293-297.
  • El Obeidy AA (2005) Flowering and fruiting of cv. Pakistan mulberry under saline soil conditions in Egypt. Fruits 60: 405-411.
  • Ellis RH, Roberts EH (1981) The Quantification of Ageing and Survival in Orthodox Seeds. Seed Sci. and Tech. 9: 373-409.
  • Ercisli S (2004) A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 51: 419-435.
  • Ercisli S, Orhan E (2007) Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits. Food Chem. 103: 1380-1384.
  • Erdoğan V, Aygün A (2006). Kara dut’un (Morus nigra L.) yeşil çelikle çoğlatılması üzerinde bir araştırma. II Ulusal Üzümsü Meyveler Sempozyumu, 14 - 16 Eylül, Tokat, ss. 172-175.
  • Gerçekçioğlu R, Çekiç Ç (1999) Mahlep (Prunus mahaleb L.) Tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine bazı uygulamaların Etkileri. Tr. J. of Agri. and For. 23: 145-150.
  • Ghaffari H, Tadayon MR (2018) Effect of proline on seed germination indices of Castile Sugar beet cultivar seed germination criteria under drought stress. Iranian J. Seed Sci. and Tech. 7: 171-182.
  • Gosling P (2007) Raising trees and shrubs from seed. Forestry Commission 231 Corstorphine Road Edinburgh. pp 28.
  • Gündüz K, Karaat FE, Uzunoğlu F, Mavi K (2019) Influences of pre-sowing treatments on the germination and emergence of different mulberry species seeds. Acta Sci. Pol. Hort. Cult. 18: 97-104.
  • Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies FT, Geneve RL (2002) Plant propagation: principles and practices. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp 880.
  • Hayat S, Hayat Q, Alyemeni MN, Wani AS, Pichtel J, Ahmad A (2012) Role of proline under changing environments: A review. Plant Sig. and Beh. 7: 1-11.
  • Kaur G, Asthir B (2015) Proline: a key player in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Biol. Plant. 59: 609-619.
  • Kaur H (2017) Influence of Proline and Ascorbic acid on seed germination behavior of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salt stress. MSc Thesis, Punjab Agri. Univ., 61 p.
  • Kaur S, Gupta N (2017) Effect of proline and salicylic acid on germination and antioxidant enzymes at different temperatures in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. J. of App. and Nat. Sci. 9: 2165-2169.
  • Kavi Kishor PB, Hima Kumari P, Sunita MSL, Sreenivasulu N (2015) Role of proline in cell wall synthesis and plant development and its implications in plant ontogeny. Front. Plant Sci. 6:544.
  • Koyuncu F (2005) Breaking seed dormancy in black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) by cold stratification and exogenous application of gibberellic acid. Acta Biol. Crac. Ser. Bot. 47: 23-26.
  • Köse H (2001) Doğal bitki örtüsünde bulunan bazı odunsu süs bitkilerinin tohum çimlendirme yöntemleri üzerinde araştırmalar IV. Pistacia lentiscus L. (Sakız ağacı). Anadolu Der. 11: 1-13.
  • Mattioli R, Costantino P, Trovato M (2009) Proline accumulation in plants, Not only stress. Plant Sig. & Beh. 4: 1016-1018.
  • Neto NBM, Custosio CC, Gatti AB, Priolli MR, Jose V, Cardoso M (2004) Proline: use as an indicator of temperature stress in bean seeds. Crop Breed. and App. Bio. 4: 330-337.
  • Parcha D (2016) Effect of Seed Treatment with Proline ad Salicylic Acid on Germination in Tinda (Citrullus vulgaris L.) cv. S-48 At Different Temperatures. MSc Thesis, Punjab Agri. Univ., 74p.
  • Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, Guimaraes RCA, Freitas C (2019) Nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20 (2): 1-16.
  • Schwacke R, Grallath S, Breitkreuz KE, Stransky H, Frommer WB, Rentsch D (1999) LeProT1, a transporter for proline, glycine betaine and γ-amino butyric acid in tomato pollen. Plant Cell 11:377-91.
  • Singh M, Singh A, Nehal N, Sharma N (2018) Effect of proline on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salt stress. J. of Phar. and Phyto. 7: 2449-2452.
  • Singh T, Saratchandra B (2003) Principles and techniques of silkworm seed production. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, India. pp 376.
  • Sultana N, Ikeda T, Mitsui T (2000) GA3 and proline promote germination of wheat seeds by stimulating α-amylase at unfavorable temperatures. Plant Pro. Sci. 3: 232-237.
  • Türemiş N, Pırlak L, Eşitken A, Erdoğan Ü, Tümer A, İmrak B, Burgut A (2017) A field survey of promising mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes from Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 59: 101–107.
  • Vijayan K, Srivastava PP, Raju PY, Saratchandra B (2012) Breeding for higher productivity in Mulberry. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 48: 147-156.
  • Vural U (2001) Aşılı kara dut (Morus nigra L.) fidanı üretimi üzerinde araştırmalar. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri AnaBilim Dalı, Ankara.
  • Yıldız K, Çekiç Ç, Güneş M, Özgen M, Özkan Y, Akça Y, Gerçekçioğlu R (2009) Farklı dönemlerde alınan kara dut (Morus nigra L.) çelik tiplerinde köklenme başarısının belirlenmesi. GOÜ. Zir. Fak. Der. 26: 1-5.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emel Kaçal 0000-0003-4834-5510

Oğuzhan Çalışkan 0000-0002-2583-9588

Arif Atak 0000-0001-7251-2417

Melih Aydınlı Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1166-5791

Gökhan Öztürk 0000-0002-8994-6550

Alamettin Bayav 0000-0002-8093-2988

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaçal, E., Çalışkan, O., Atak, A., Aydınlı, M., vd. (2020). Karadut tohumlarının çimlenmesi üzerine prolin ve sıcaklık uygulamalarının etkileri. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(2), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.722437

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