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THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SALINITY LEVELS OF WATER USED FOR IRRIGATION WITH YIELD AND QUALITY PARAMETERS IN RED PEPPER (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija)

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 186 - 193, 29.10.2014
https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effect of saline irrigation water applications on yield and fruit quality of red pepper. Research was laid out in randomized parcel design with six replication and 12 plants in each replication on lysemeters formed in greenhouse. Plants in the lysemeters were irrigated with tap water [control, electrical conductivity (EC): 0.3 dS m-1] or salinized water [EC: 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1]. Research results showed that the yield and paste output decreased with increasing salinity above 1.5 and 3.0 dS m-1, respectively. Dry matter, total acidity, total karotenoid contents for pepper fruits were significantly increased up to 6.0 dS m-1 and the soluble solids, total sugar, protein, lycopene gave the highest contents at 4.5 dsm-1, but their values were decreased with increasing salinity of above mentioned levels. In this study, vitamin C contents were highest at control and 1.5 dS m-1 salinity levels. Vitamin C content of fruit on peppers was significantly decreased by of irrigation with saline waters having the concentrations of 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1. Considering the quantity and quality for red pepper production, the water salinity of the irrigation of 1.5 dS m-1 for fruit yield, 3.0 dS m-1 for paste yield, and 4.5 dS m-1 for fruit quality characteristics can considered as threshold values.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, P., Ho, L.C. 1989. Effects of constant and fluctuating salinity on the yield, quality and calcium status of tomatoes. Journal of Horticultural Science, 64: 725-732.
  • Adsule, P.G., Dan, A. 1979. Simplified extraction procedure in the rapid spectrophotometric method for lycopene esti-mation in tomato. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 16: 216-218.
  • Al-Maskri, A., Al-Kharusi, L., Al-Miqbali, H. 2010. Effects of salinity stress on growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under closed-recycle nutrient film technique. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 12: 377-380.
  • Anonymous. 1968. National Canners Association Laboratory Manuel Food Canners and Processors. AVI Publishing Co., Westport, USA.
  • Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W. 1994. Water qualitiy for Agriculture, FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper 29, FAO, Rome.
  • Ayyıldız, M. 1990. Sulama suyu kalitesi ve tuzluluk problemleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Kültür teknik Bölümü, Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 1196, Ders Kitabı: 344, Ankara, 282s.
  • Bayraklı, F. 1998. Toprak kimyası. O.M.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitabı No: 26. 1. Baskı. 214 s., Samsun.
  • Bosland, P.W., Votava, E.J. 2003. Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums. Crop Production Science in Horticulture Series No: 12, Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
  • Bray, E.A., Bailey, S., Weretilnyk E. 2000. Responses to abiotic stress. In: Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiology , Rockville, pp. 1158-1203.
  • Chartzoulakis, K., Klapaki, G. 2000. Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 86: 247-260.
  • Conklin, P.L. 2001. Recent advances in the role and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Plant Cell Environ., 24: 383-394.
  • Del Amor, F.M., Martínez, V., Cerda, A. 2001. Salt tolerance of tomato plants as affected by stage of plant development. HortScience, 36: 1260-1263.
  • Demirel, K., Genç, L., Saçan, M. 2012. Yarı kurak koşullarda farklı sulama düzeylerinin salçalık biberde (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) verim ve kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2): 7-15.
  • DePascale, S., Maggio, A., Fogliano, V., Ambrosino, P., Retieni, A. 2001. Irrigation with saline water improves carotenoids content and antioxidant activity of tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 76: 447-453.
  • Doorenbos, J., Kassam, A.H. 1986. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33. Rome, Italy.
  • Dorais, M., Papadopoulos, A.P., Gosselin, A. 2001. Green house tomato quality: the influence of environmental and cultural factors. Hortic. Rew., 26: 239-319.
  • Ehert, D.L., Ho, L. 1986. The effects of salinity on dry matter portioning and fruit growth in tomatoes grown in nutrient film culture. Journal of Horticultural Science, 61: 361-367.
  • Ekmekçi, E., Apan, M., Kara, M. 2005. Tuzluluğun bitki gelişimine etkisi. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 20(3): 118-125.
  • Fernandez-Garcia, N., Martinez, V., Cerda, A., Carvajal, M. 2004. Fruit quality of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 79(6): 995-1001.
  • Garg, O.P., Kapoor, V. 1972. Retardation of leaf senescence by ascorbic acid. J. Exp. Bot., 23(76): 699-703.
  • Gomez, I., Navarro-Pedrero, J., Moral, R., Ibarra, M.R. Palacios, G., Mataix, J. 1996. Salinity and nitrogen fertilization affecting the macronutrient content and yield of sweet pepper. Journal of Plant Nutrition., 19: 353-359.
  • Gormley, T.R., Maher, M.J. 1990. Tomato fruit quality-an interdisciplinary approach. Professional Horticulture, 4: 7-12.
  • Goyal, K., Tisi, L., Basran, A., Browne, J., Burnell, A., Zurdo, J., Tunnacliffe, A. 2003. Transition from natively unfolded to folded state induced by desiccation in an anhydrobiotic nematode protein. J . Biol. Chem., 278: 12977-12984.
  • Güngör, Y., Erözel, Z. 1994. Drenaj ve arazi ıslahı. Ankara Üniv., Ziraat Fak. Yayınları No:1341, Ders Kitabı: 389, Ankara, 232s.
  • Huez-Lopez, M.A., April, L.U., Samani, Z., Picchioni, G., Flyn, R.P. 2011. Response of Chile pepper to salt stress and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources: 1. growth and yield. Tropical and Suntropical Agroecosystems, 14: 137-147.
  • Incrocci, L., Malorgio, F., Della Bartola, A., Pardossi, A. 2006. The influence of drip irrigation or subirrigation on tomato grown in closed-loop substrate culture with saline water. Scientia Horticulturae, 107: 365–372.
  • Johnstone, P.R., Hartz, T.K., Le Strange, M., Nunez, J.J., Miyao, E.M. 2005. Managing fruit soluble solids with late-season deficit irrigation in drip-irrigated processing tomato production. HortScience, 40(6): 1857-1861.
  • Kanber, R., Kırda, C., Tekinel, O. 1992. Sulama suyu niteliği ve sulamada tuzluluk sorunları. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:21, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: 6, Adana.
  • Karağaç, O., Balkaya, A. 2010. Bafra kırmızıbiber popülasyonları (Capsicum annuum L. var. Conoides (Mill.) Irish) tanımlanması ve mevcut varyasyonların değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 10-20.
  • Kırnak, H., Kaya, C., Değirmenci, V. 2002. Growth and yield parameters of bell peppers with surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems under different irrigation levels. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 33(4): 383-389.
  • Kurunc, A., Unlukara, A., Cemek, B. 2011. Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 61: 514-522.
  • Lee, S.K., Kader, A.A. 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20: 207–220.
  • Lee, M.T., Chen, B.H. 2002. Stability of lycopene during heating and illumination in a model system. Food Chem., 78: 425–432.
  • Magan, J.J., Gallardo, M., Thompson, R.B., Lorenzo, P. 2008. Effects of salinity on fruit yield and quality of tomato grown in soil-less culture in greenhouses in Mediterranean climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 1041-1055.
  • Malash, N.M., Flowers, T.J., Ragab, R. 2008. Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution. Irrigation Science, 26: 313-323.
  • Montesano, D., Fallarino, F., Cossignan, L., Bosi, A., Simonetti, M.S., Puccetti, P. 2008. Innovative extraction procedure for obtaining high pure lycopene from tomato. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 226: 327-335.
  • Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment. 25: 239-250.
  • Navarro, J.M., Botella, M.A., Cerda , A., Martinez, V. 1999. Yield and fruit quality of melon plants grown under saline conditions in relation to phosphate and calcium nutrition. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 74: 573-578.
  • Navarro, J.M., Garrido, C., Carvajal, M. and Martinez, V. 2002. Yield and fruit quality of pepper plants under sulphate and chloride salinity. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech., 77: 52–57.
  • Navarro, J.M., Flores, P., Garrido, C., Martınez, V. 2006. Changes in the contents of antioxidant compound in pepper fruits at different ripening stages, as affected by salinity. FoodChem., 96: 66-73.
  • Neumann, P.M. 1995. Inhibition of root growth by salinity stress: Toxicity or an adaptive biophysical response. In: Baluska F, Ciamporova M, Gasparikova O, Barlow PW (eds.), Structure and Function of Roots, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp: 299-304.
  • Nieman, R.H., Clark, R.A., Pap, D., Ogata, G., Maas, E.V. 1988. Effects of salt stress on adenine and uridine nucleotide pools. Journal of Experimental Botany, 39: 301-309.
  • Ozbahce, A., Tari, A.F. 2010. Effects of different emitter space and water stress on yield and quality of processing tomato under semi-arid climate conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 1405–1410.
  • Patane, C., Cosentino, S.L. 2010. Effects of soil water deficit on yield and quality of processing tomato under a Mediterranean climate. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 131–138.
  • Pierson, D. 1970. The Chemical Analysis of Food. Auxil, London.
  • Rahman, J., Inden, H. 2012. Enhancement of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and yield by addition of Nigari, an effluent of salt industries, in soilless culture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(10): 1408-1415.
  • Reina-Sanchez, A., Romero-Aranda, R., Cuartero, J. 2005. Plant water uptake and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato cultivars irrigated with saline water. Agricultural Water Management, 78: 54-66.
  • Romero-Aranda, R., Soria, T., Cuartero, J. 2001. Tomato plant water uptake and plant water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Science, 160(2): 265-272.
  • Rozzi, N.L., Singh, R.K., Vierling, R.A. and Watkins, B.A. 2002. Supercritical fluid extraction of lycopene from tomato processing by products. J. Agric Food Chem., 50: 2638-3643.
  • Schaffer, A.A., Petreikov, M., Miron, D., Fogelman, M., Spiegelman, M., Bnei-Moshe, Z., Shen, S., Granot, D., Hadas, R. Dai, N., Levine, I., Bar, M., Friedman, M., Pilowsky, M., Gilboa, N., Chen. L. 1989. Modification of carbohydrate content in developing tomato fruit. HortScience, 34: 12-15.
  • Sies, H., Stahl, W. 1998. Lycopene: antioxidant and biological effects and its bioavailability in the human. Proc. Exp. Biol. Med., 218: 121-124.
  • Sonneveld, C., Van der Burg, M.M. 1991. Sodium chloride salinity in fruit vegetable crops in soilless culture. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 294: 81-88.
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KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 186 - 193, 29.10.2014
https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193

Öz

Bu çalışma tuzlu sulama sularının kırmızı biberin verim ve meyve kalitesi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine uygun olarak 6 tekerrürlü ve her tekerrürde 12 bitki olacak biçimde, sera koşullarında oluşturulmuş lizimetrelerde yürütülmüştür. Sulama uygulamalarında çeşme suyu [kontrol, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC): 0.3 dS m-1] ile tuzlulaştırılmış sular [EC: 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 ve 7.5 dS m-1] kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, 1.5 dS m-1 ve 3.0 dS m-1 üzerinde artan sulama suyu tuzluluk düzeylerinin verim ve salça verimini önemli miktarda düşürdüğünü göstermiştir. Biber meyvelerinin kuru madde, toplam asitlik, toplam karotenoid içerikleri 6.0 dS m-1'ye kadar önemli miktarda artış gösterirken, en yüksek suda çözünür kuru madde, toplam şeker, protein ve likopen içeriği 4.5 dS m-1'de elde edilmiş, söz konusu düzeylerin üzerindeki tuzluluk seviyelerinde değerler önemli miktarda azalmıştır. Bu çalışmada, en yüksek Vitamin C içerikleri kontrol ve 1.5 dS m-1 tuzluluk seviyesinde bulunmuştur. Biber meyvelerinin vitamin C içeriklerini 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 ve 7.5 dS m-1 konsantrasyonlarında tuz içeren sulama suları önemli miktarda azaltmıştır. Kırmızı biber yetiştiriciliği için verim ve kalite birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, meyve verimi için 1.5 dS m-1, salça verimi için 3 dS m-1 ve meyve kalite özellikleri için 4.5 dS m-1'lik sulama suyu tuzluluğu, eşik değerleri olarak göz önüne alınabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, P., Ho, L.C. 1989. Effects of constant and fluctuating salinity on the yield, quality and calcium status of tomatoes. Journal of Horticultural Science, 64: 725-732.
  • Adsule, P.G., Dan, A. 1979. Simplified extraction procedure in the rapid spectrophotometric method for lycopene esti-mation in tomato. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 16: 216-218.
  • Al-Maskri, A., Al-Kharusi, L., Al-Miqbali, H. 2010. Effects of salinity stress on growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under closed-recycle nutrient film technique. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 12: 377-380.
  • Anonymous. 1968. National Canners Association Laboratory Manuel Food Canners and Processors. AVI Publishing Co., Westport, USA.
  • Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W. 1994. Water qualitiy for Agriculture, FAO Irrig. and Drain. Paper 29, FAO, Rome.
  • Ayyıldız, M. 1990. Sulama suyu kalitesi ve tuzluluk problemleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Kültür teknik Bölümü, Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yayınları: 1196, Ders Kitabı: 344, Ankara, 282s.
  • Bayraklı, F. 1998. Toprak kimyası. O.M.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ders Kitabı No: 26. 1. Baskı. 214 s., Samsun.
  • Bosland, P.W., Votava, E.J. 2003. Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums. Crop Production Science in Horticulture Series No: 12, Wallingford: CABI Publishing.
  • Bray, E.A., Bailey, S., Weretilnyk E. 2000. Responses to abiotic stress. In: Buchanan, B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. (eds.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. American Society of Plant Physiology , Rockville, pp. 1158-1203.
  • Chartzoulakis, K., Klapaki, G. 2000. Response of two greenhouse pepper hybrids to NaCl salinity during different growth stages. Scientia Horticulturae, 86: 247-260.
  • Conklin, P.L. 2001. Recent advances in the role and biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in plants. Plant Cell Environ., 24: 383-394.
  • Del Amor, F.M., Martínez, V., Cerda, A. 2001. Salt tolerance of tomato plants as affected by stage of plant development. HortScience, 36: 1260-1263.
  • Demirel, K., Genç, L., Saçan, M. 2012. Yarı kurak koşullarda farklı sulama düzeylerinin salçalık biberde (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) verim ve kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2): 7-15.
  • DePascale, S., Maggio, A., Fogliano, V., Ambrosino, P., Retieni, A. 2001. Irrigation with saline water improves carotenoids content and antioxidant activity of tomato. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 76: 447-453.
  • Doorenbos, J., Kassam, A.H. 1986. Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33. Rome, Italy.
  • Dorais, M., Papadopoulos, A.P., Gosselin, A. 2001. Green house tomato quality: the influence of environmental and cultural factors. Hortic. Rew., 26: 239-319.
  • Ehert, D.L., Ho, L. 1986. The effects of salinity on dry matter portioning and fruit growth in tomatoes grown in nutrient film culture. Journal of Horticultural Science, 61: 361-367.
  • Ekmekçi, E., Apan, M., Kara, M. 2005. Tuzluluğun bitki gelişimine etkisi. OMÜ Zir. Fak. Dergisi, 20(3): 118-125.
  • Fernandez-Garcia, N., Martinez, V., Cerda, A., Carvajal, M. 2004. Fruit quality of grafted tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Journal of horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 79(6): 995-1001.
  • Garg, O.P., Kapoor, V. 1972. Retardation of leaf senescence by ascorbic acid. J. Exp. Bot., 23(76): 699-703.
  • Gomez, I., Navarro-Pedrero, J., Moral, R., Ibarra, M.R. Palacios, G., Mataix, J. 1996. Salinity and nitrogen fertilization affecting the macronutrient content and yield of sweet pepper. Journal of Plant Nutrition., 19: 353-359.
  • Gormley, T.R., Maher, M.J. 1990. Tomato fruit quality-an interdisciplinary approach. Professional Horticulture, 4: 7-12.
  • Goyal, K., Tisi, L., Basran, A., Browne, J., Burnell, A., Zurdo, J., Tunnacliffe, A. 2003. Transition from natively unfolded to folded state induced by desiccation in an anhydrobiotic nematode protein. J . Biol. Chem., 278: 12977-12984.
  • Güngör, Y., Erözel, Z. 1994. Drenaj ve arazi ıslahı. Ankara Üniv., Ziraat Fak. Yayınları No:1341, Ders Kitabı: 389, Ankara, 232s.
  • Huez-Lopez, M.A., April, L.U., Samani, Z., Picchioni, G., Flyn, R.P. 2011. Response of Chile pepper to salt stress and organic and inorganic nitrogen sources: 1. growth and yield. Tropical and Suntropical Agroecosystems, 14: 137-147.
  • Incrocci, L., Malorgio, F., Della Bartola, A., Pardossi, A. 2006. The influence of drip irrigation or subirrigation on tomato grown in closed-loop substrate culture with saline water. Scientia Horticulturae, 107: 365–372.
  • Johnstone, P.R., Hartz, T.K., Le Strange, M., Nunez, J.J., Miyao, E.M. 2005. Managing fruit soluble solids with late-season deficit irrigation in drip-irrigated processing tomato production. HortScience, 40(6): 1857-1861.
  • Kanber, R., Kırda, C., Tekinel, O. 1992. Sulama suyu niteliği ve sulamada tuzluluk sorunları. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No:21, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: 6, Adana.
  • Karağaç, O., Balkaya, A. 2010. Bafra kırmızıbiber popülasyonları (Capsicum annuum L. var. Conoides (Mill.) Irish) tanımlanması ve mevcut varyasyonların değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(1): 10-20.
  • Kırnak, H., Kaya, C., Değirmenci, V. 2002. Growth and yield parameters of bell peppers with surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems under different irrigation levels. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg. 33(4): 383-389.
  • Kurunc, A., Unlukara, A., Cemek, B. 2011. Salinity and drought affect yield response of bell pepper similarly. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science, 61: 514-522.
  • Lee, S.K., Kader, A.A. 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20: 207–220.
  • Lee, M.T., Chen, B.H. 2002. Stability of lycopene during heating and illumination in a model system. Food Chem., 78: 425–432.
  • Magan, J.J., Gallardo, M., Thompson, R.B., Lorenzo, P. 2008. Effects of salinity on fruit yield and quality of tomato grown in soil-less culture in greenhouses in Mediterranean climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 95: 1041-1055.
  • Malash, N.M., Flowers, T.J., Ragab, R. 2008. Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution. Irrigation Science, 26: 313-323.
  • Montesano, D., Fallarino, F., Cossignan, L., Bosi, A., Simonetti, M.S., Puccetti, P. 2008. Innovative extraction procedure for obtaining high pure lycopene from tomato. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 226: 327-335.
  • Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment. 25: 239-250.
  • Navarro, J.M., Botella, M.A., Cerda , A., Martinez, V. 1999. Yield and fruit quality of melon plants grown under saline conditions in relation to phosphate and calcium nutrition. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 74: 573-578.
  • Navarro, J.M., Garrido, C., Carvajal, M. and Martinez, V. 2002. Yield and fruit quality of pepper plants under sulphate and chloride salinity. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotech., 77: 52–57.
  • Navarro, J.M., Flores, P., Garrido, C., Martınez, V. 2006. Changes in the contents of antioxidant compound in pepper fruits at different ripening stages, as affected by salinity. FoodChem., 96: 66-73.
  • Neumann, P.M. 1995. Inhibition of root growth by salinity stress: Toxicity or an adaptive biophysical response. In: Baluska F, Ciamporova M, Gasparikova O, Barlow PW (eds.), Structure and Function of Roots, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp: 299-304.
  • Nieman, R.H., Clark, R.A., Pap, D., Ogata, G., Maas, E.V. 1988. Effects of salt stress on adenine and uridine nucleotide pools. Journal of Experimental Botany, 39: 301-309.
  • Ozbahce, A., Tari, A.F. 2010. Effects of different emitter space and water stress on yield and quality of processing tomato under semi-arid climate conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 1405–1410.
  • Patane, C., Cosentino, S.L. 2010. Effects of soil water deficit on yield and quality of processing tomato under a Mediterranean climate. Agricultural Water Management, 97: 131–138.
  • Pierson, D. 1970. The Chemical Analysis of Food. Auxil, London.
  • Rahman, J., Inden, H. 2012. Enhancement of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and yield by addition of Nigari, an effluent of salt industries, in soilless culture. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(10): 1408-1415.
  • Reina-Sanchez, A., Romero-Aranda, R., Cuartero, J. 2005. Plant water uptake and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato cultivars irrigated with saline water. Agricultural Water Management, 78: 54-66.
  • Romero-Aranda, R., Soria, T., Cuartero, J. 2001. Tomato plant water uptake and plant water relationships under saline growth conditions. Plant Science, 160(2): 265-272.
  • Rozzi, N.L., Singh, R.K., Vierling, R.A. and Watkins, B.A. 2002. Supercritical fluid extraction of lycopene from tomato processing by products. J. Agric Food Chem., 50: 2638-3643.
  • Schaffer, A.A., Petreikov, M., Miron, D., Fogelman, M., Spiegelman, M., Bnei-Moshe, Z., Shen, S., Granot, D., Hadas, R. Dai, N., Levine, I., Bar, M., Friedman, M., Pilowsky, M., Gilboa, N., Chen. L. 1989. Modification of carbohydrate content in developing tomato fruit. HortScience, 34: 12-15.
  • Sies, H., Stahl, W. 1998. Lycopene: antioxidant and biological effects and its bioavailability in the human. Proc. Exp. Biol. Med., 218: 121-124.
  • Sonneveld, C., Van der Burg, M.M. 1991. Sodium chloride salinity in fruit vegetable crops in soilless culture. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 294: 81-88.
  • Sonneveld, C. 2001. Effects of Salinity on Substrate Grown Vegetables and Ornamentals in Greenhouse Horticulture. Thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, 151p.
  • Supanjani, Lee K.D. (2006): Hot pepper response to interactive effects of salinity and boron. Plant Soil Environ., 52: 227–233.
  • Tas, G., Papadandonakis, N., Savvas, D. 2005. Responses of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) grown in a closed hydroponics system to NaCl or CaCl2 salinity. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 79(2): 136-140.
  • Tepic A.N., Vejicic B.L., Takac A.J., Kristic B.D., Calic, L.J. 2006. Chemical heterogeneity of tomato inbred lines. APTEFF 37: 1–192.
  • Tigchelaar, E.C. 1986. Tomato breeding. In: Basset M.J. (ed.) Breeding Vegetables Crops, Westport, USA, pp: 135-170.
  • Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M.S., Demir, A.S. 2014a. Effect of different concentrations of diluted seawater on yield and quality of lettuce. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 74(1): 111-116.
  • Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Demir, A.S. 2014b. Farklı tuzluluk düzeylerinin sarımsakta (Allium sativum L.) verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisi. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20: 280-287.
  • Villa-Castorena, M., Ulery, A.L., Catalán-Valencia, E.A., Remmenga, M. 2003. Salinity and nitrogen rate effects on the growth and yield of chile pepper plants. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67: 1781-1789.
  • Yıldırım, E., Guvenc, I. 2006. Salt tolerance of pepper cultivars during germination and seedling growth. Turk J. Agric. For., 30: 347-353.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Bahçe Bitkileri
Yazarlar

Ahmet Turhan

Hayrettin Kuşçu

Neşe Özmen Bu kişi benim

Ali Demir

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Turhan, A., Kuşçu, H., Özmen, N., Demir, A. (2014). KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(3), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193
AMA Turhan A, Kuşçu H, Özmen N, Demir A. KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER. ANAJAS. Kasım 2014;29(3):186-193. doi:10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193
Chicago Turhan, Ahmet, Hayrettin Kuşçu, Neşe Özmen, ve Ali Demir. “KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum Annum Cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 29, sy. 3 (Kasım 2014): 186-93. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193.
EndNote Turhan A, Kuşçu H, Özmen N, Demir A (01 Kasım 2014) KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 29 3 186–193.
IEEE A. Turhan, H. Kuşçu, N. Özmen, ve A. Demir, “KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER”, ANAJAS, c. 29, sy. 3, ss. 186–193, 2014, doi: 10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193.
ISNAD Turhan, Ahmet vd. “KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum Annum Cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 29/3 (Kasım 2014), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193.
JAMA Turhan A, Kuşçu H, Özmen N, Demir A. KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER. ANAJAS. 2014;29:186–193.
MLA Turhan, Ahmet vd. “KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum Annum Cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 29, sy. 3, 2014, ss. 186-93, doi:10.7161/anajas.2014.29.3.186-193.
Vancouver Turhan A, Kuşçu H, Özmen N, Demir A. KIRMIZI BİBERDE (Capsicum annum cv. Kapija) VERİM VE KALİTE PARAMETRELERİ İLE SULAMA SUYU TUZLULUK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER. ANAJAS. 2014;29(3):186-93.
Online ISSN: 1308-8769