Öz
Bu çalışmada pirimiphos-methyl
kalıntısının kapya biberinde farklı yıkama uygulamaları ile azaltılması
amaçlanmıştır. Çanakkale ili Çıplak köyünde 2018 yılında yetiştirilen kapya
biberlerinde 3 defa pirimiphos-methyl etkili maddeli insektisit uygulanmıştır.
Biberler, son insektisit uygulamasının 1., 2., ve 3. günlerinde hasat
edilmiştir. Daha sonra biberler, çeşme suyu, sitrik asit, asetik asit
çözeltileri ve ultrasonic banyo ile yıkama uygulamalarından (2 ve 5 dakika
boyunca) geçirilmiştir. Kalıntı analizleri, QuEChERS analiz methodu ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her yıkama uygulaması için işleme faktörü (Pf) ve
pestisit azalma oranları 3 farklı hasat zamanı ve 2 farklı uygulama süresi esas
alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Pf değerleri,
tüm uygulamalarda 1’den daha az bulunmuştur. Yıkama süreleri arttıkça (2 ve 5
dk) kalıntı miktarı azalmıştır. Aynı şekilde hasat zamanı arttıkça kalıntı
azalma oranı da düşmüştür. Bu durumda Pf de artış göstermiştir. Yıkama
uygulamalarının pirimiphos-methyl kalıntısını azaltma oranlarına göre etkinlikliklerinin
sırasıyla ultrasonik yıkama> sitrik asit >asetik asit> çeşme suyu
şeklinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pirimiphos-methyl için en düşük azalma; 2.
günde alınan örneklerde 2 dakikalık çeşme suyu (%14.97) uygulaması ile, en
yüksek kalıntı azalma ise 1. günde alınan örneklerde 5 dakikalık ultrasonik
yıkamada (%87.16) elde edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İşleme faktörü (Pf) Pestisit kalıntısı Ultrasonik yıkama Yıkama solusyonları
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmadaki verilerin istatistiki değerlendirilmesinde katkıları için Doç. Dr. Fatih Kahrıman’a teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Acoğlu, B., Yolcı Omeroğlu, P., Copur, Ö, 2018. Gıda işleme süreçlerinin pestisit kalıntıları üzerine etkisi ve işleme faktörleri. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 19(1): 42-54.
- Baltacı, M.H., 2015. Ozonla pestisit giderimi uygulamasının domateste renk ve c vitaminine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Buakham, R., Songsermpong, S., Eamchotchawalit, C., 2012. Kinetics of the reduction of pesticide residues in vegetables by ultrasonic cleaning. As. J. Food Ag-Ind, 5(5): 364-373.
- Çatak, H., Polat B., Tiryaki O. 2019. Method validation for determination of pirimiphos-methyl residue in ,pepper by QuEChERS method. 1st Internatıonal Symposium on Biodiversity Research, the book of Abstracts and Fulltexts of the ISBR 2019. 238-243.
- Dong, F., 2012. The pesticide residue changes during food processing and storage. https://www.groenecirkels.nl/upload_mm/9/0/9/f1f3d226-b38f-49fb-d1ef7eccfe3497ma6.pdf
- EC, 1991. Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant products on the market. Off J Eur Commun L 230(19/08/1991) 1-32.
- EC, 2002. Commission Directive 2002/63/EC of 11 July 2002 Establishing community methods of sampling for the official control of pesticide residues in and on products of plant and animal origin and repealing. Direc.79/700/EEC. Off. J. E. Comm. L 187/30, 1–14 (Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2019).
- Ghani, B.A., Hanafi, A., Nasr, I.N., 2010. Non-toxic washing solutions for decreasing myclobutanil, fenhexamid and boscalid residues in sweet pepper and cherry tomatoes. Journal of Basic and Applied Sci-ences, 4(8): 3360-3365.
- Hassan, H.Ü., Elsayed, E., El-Raouf AE-RA., Salman, S.N., 2019. Method validation and evaluation of household processing on reduction of pesticide residues in tomato. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 14(1): 31-39.
- Holland, P. T., Hamilton, D., Ohlin, B., Skidmore, M.W. 1994. Effects of storage and processing on pesticide residues in plant products. Pure and App Chem, 66, 335-356.
- Kentish, S., Feng, H., 2014. Applications of power ultrasound in food processing. Annual Reviews of Food Science and Technology. 5, 263-284.
- Kong, Z. Q., Dong, F. S., Xu, J., Liu, X. G., Li, J., Li, Y. B., 2012. Degradation of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in rice during processing and storage. Food Control. 23, 149-153.
- Lozowicka, B., Kaczyński, P., Rutkowska, E., Jankowska, M., Hrynko, I., 2013. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruit from Poland and health risk assessment. Agricultural Science, 4, 106-111.
- Lozowicka, B., Jankowska, M., Hrynko, I., Kaczynski, P., 2016. Removal of 16 pesticide residues from strawberries by washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(1): 51-69.
- Lehotay, S.J., 2007. Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 90, 485-520.
- OECD, 2008. Magnitude of the pesticide residues in processed commodit. Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-508-magnitude-of-the-pesticide-residues-in-processed-commodities_9789264067622-en (Erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2019)
- Omeroglu, P.Y., Boyacioglu, D., Ambrus, A., Karaali, A., Saner, S., 2012. An Overview on steps of pesticide residue analysis and contribution of the individual steps to the measurement uncertainty. Food Analytical Methods, 5(6): 1469-1480.
- Omeroglu, P.Y., Ambrus, Á.; Boyacioglu, D., 2013. Estimation of sample processing uncertainty of large-size crops in pesticide residue analysis. Food Anal. Meth., 6(1): 238-247.
- Osman, K.A., Al-Humaid, A.I., Al-Redhaiman, K.N., El-Mergawi, R.A,. 2014. Safety methods for chlorpyrifos removal from date fruits and its relation with sugars, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of fruits. J of Food Sci and Technology, 51(9): 1762-1772.
- Özel, E., Tiryaki, O., 2019. Elma ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntılarının belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 59, 23-32.
- Randhawa, M. A., Anjum, M.N., Butt, M.S., Yasin, M., Imran, M., 2014a. Minimization of imidacloprid residues in cucumber and bell pepper through washing with citric acid and acetic acid solutions and their dietary intake assessment. International Journal of Food Properties. 17(5): 978-986.
- Randhawa, M., Anjum, F., Asi, M., Ahmed, A., Nawaz, H., 2014b. Field incurred endosulfan residues in fresh and processed vegetables and dietary intake assessment. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(5): 1109-1115.
- Polat, B., Tiryaki, O., 2019a. Assessing washing methods for reduction of pesticide residues in Capia pepper with LC-MS/MS, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, ISSN: 0360-1234 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660563.
- Polat, B., Tiryaki, O., 2019b. Determination of some pesticide residues in conventional-grown and IPM-grown tomato by using QuEChERS method, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 54(2): 112-117.
- PPDB, 2019. Pesticides Properties Data Base 2019. https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/es/atoz.htm (Erişim tarihi: 3 Mart 2019).SAS, 1999. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT 9.1 User’s Guide, 1999, Cary, NC.
- Zhao, L.; Ge, J.; Liu, F.; Jiang, N., 2014. Effects of storage and processing on residue levels of chlorpyrifos in soybeans. Food Chemistry, 150, 182-186.
Öz
Removal of pirimiphos-methyl residues from Capia
peppers by different washing applications was investigated. Capia peppers,
grown in the field located in Çıplak village of Çanakkale in 2018, were sprayed
three times with pirimiphos-methyl. Peppers were harvested after 1st,
2nd and 3rd day of last pesticide application. Then, peppers were treated with tap water, acetic
acid and citric acid solutions and ultrasonic cleaning applications (for 2 and
5 min.). Residue analyses were carried out with QuEChERS analytical method.
Processing factors (Pf) and reduction rates were calculated for each washing
application based on three different harvest times and two different
application times. Pf values were less than 1 for all cases. The residues
decreased during washing applications with increasing washing duration. Also,
reduction rate of primphosmethyl residues decreased with the increased harvest
times. This in turn corresponded to an increase in Pf. The order of washing
applications, in terms of the reduction rates of the pirimiphos-methyl residue
(from highest to lowest), is as follows; ultrasonic cleaning> sitric
acid> acetic acid> tap water. The lowest reduction rate (14.97%) for
pirimiphos-methyl was observed in 2 min tap water applications of 2nd -day
samples. The higher reduction rate (87.16%) of pirimiphos-methyl was observed
in 5 min ultrasonic cleaning applications of zero day samples.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Processing factor (Pf ) Pesticide residue Ultrasonic cleaning Washing solutions
Kaynakça
- Acoğlu, B., Yolcı Omeroğlu, P., Copur, Ö, 2018. Gıda işleme süreçlerinin pestisit kalıntıları üzerine etkisi ve işleme faktörleri. Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi, 19(1): 42-54.
- Baltacı, M.H., 2015. Ozonla pestisit giderimi uygulamasının domateste renk ve c vitaminine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
- Buakham, R., Songsermpong, S., Eamchotchawalit, C., 2012. Kinetics of the reduction of pesticide residues in vegetables by ultrasonic cleaning. As. J. Food Ag-Ind, 5(5): 364-373.
- Çatak, H., Polat B., Tiryaki O. 2019. Method validation for determination of pirimiphos-methyl residue in ,pepper by QuEChERS method. 1st Internatıonal Symposium on Biodiversity Research, the book of Abstracts and Fulltexts of the ISBR 2019. 238-243.
- Dong, F., 2012. The pesticide residue changes during food processing and storage. https://www.groenecirkels.nl/upload_mm/9/0/9/f1f3d226-b38f-49fb-d1ef7eccfe3497ma6.pdf
- EC, 1991. Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant products on the market. Off J Eur Commun L 230(19/08/1991) 1-32.
- EC, 2002. Commission Directive 2002/63/EC of 11 July 2002 Establishing community methods of sampling for the official control of pesticide residues in and on products of plant and animal origin and repealing. Direc.79/700/EEC. Off. J. E. Comm. L 187/30, 1–14 (Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2019).
- Ghani, B.A., Hanafi, A., Nasr, I.N., 2010. Non-toxic washing solutions for decreasing myclobutanil, fenhexamid and boscalid residues in sweet pepper and cherry tomatoes. Journal of Basic and Applied Sci-ences, 4(8): 3360-3365.
- Hassan, H.Ü., Elsayed, E., El-Raouf AE-RA., Salman, S.N., 2019. Method validation and evaluation of household processing on reduction of pesticide residues in tomato. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 14(1): 31-39.
- Holland, P. T., Hamilton, D., Ohlin, B., Skidmore, M.W. 1994. Effects of storage and processing on pesticide residues in plant products. Pure and App Chem, 66, 335-356.
- Kentish, S., Feng, H., 2014. Applications of power ultrasound in food processing. Annual Reviews of Food Science and Technology. 5, 263-284.
- Kong, Z. Q., Dong, F. S., Xu, J., Liu, X. G., Li, J., Li, Y. B., 2012. Degradation of acephate and its metabolite methamidophos in rice during processing and storage. Food Control. 23, 149-153.
- Lozowicka, B., Kaczyński, P., Rutkowska, E., Jankowska, M., Hrynko, I., 2013. Evaluation of pesticide residues in fruit from Poland and health risk assessment. Agricultural Science, 4, 106-111.
- Lozowicka, B., Jankowska, M., Hrynko, I., Kaczynski, P., 2016. Removal of 16 pesticide residues from strawberries by washing with tap and ozone water, ultrasonic cleaning and boiling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(1): 51-69.
- Lehotay, S.J., 2007. Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 90, 485-520.
- OECD, 2008. Magnitude of the pesticide residues in processed commodit. Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-508-magnitude-of-the-pesticide-residues-in-processed-commodities_9789264067622-en (Erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2019)
- Omeroglu, P.Y., Boyacioglu, D., Ambrus, A., Karaali, A., Saner, S., 2012. An Overview on steps of pesticide residue analysis and contribution of the individual steps to the measurement uncertainty. Food Analytical Methods, 5(6): 1469-1480.
- Omeroglu, P.Y., Ambrus, Á.; Boyacioglu, D., 2013. Estimation of sample processing uncertainty of large-size crops in pesticide residue analysis. Food Anal. Meth., 6(1): 238-247.
- Osman, K.A., Al-Humaid, A.I., Al-Redhaiman, K.N., El-Mergawi, R.A,. 2014. Safety methods for chlorpyrifos removal from date fruits and its relation with sugars, phenolics and antioxidant capacity of fruits. J of Food Sci and Technology, 51(9): 1762-1772.
- Özel, E., Tiryaki, O., 2019. Elma ve işlenmiş ürünlerinde imidacloprid ve indoxacarb kalıntılarının belirlenmesi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 59, 23-32.
- Randhawa, M. A., Anjum, M.N., Butt, M.S., Yasin, M., Imran, M., 2014a. Minimization of imidacloprid residues in cucumber and bell pepper through washing with citric acid and acetic acid solutions and their dietary intake assessment. International Journal of Food Properties. 17(5): 978-986.
- Randhawa, M., Anjum, F., Asi, M., Ahmed, A., Nawaz, H., 2014b. Field incurred endosulfan residues in fresh and processed vegetables and dietary intake assessment. International Journal of Food Properties, 17(5): 1109-1115.
- Polat, B., Tiryaki, O., 2019a. Assessing washing methods for reduction of pesticide residues in Capia pepper with LC-MS/MS, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, ISSN: 0360-1234 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660563.
- Polat, B., Tiryaki, O., 2019b. Determination of some pesticide residues in conventional-grown and IPM-grown tomato by using QuEChERS method, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 54(2): 112-117.
- PPDB, 2019. Pesticides Properties Data Base 2019. https://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/es/atoz.htm (Erişim tarihi: 3 Mart 2019).SAS, 1999. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT 9.1 User’s Guide, 1999, Cary, NC.
- Zhao, L.; Ge, J.; Liu, F.; Jiang, N., 2014. Effects of storage and processing on residue levels of chlorpyrifos in soybeans. Food Chemistry, 150, 182-186.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 14 Şubat 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Ocak 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1 |
